Journal ArticleDOI
Unintended cultivation, shifting baselines, and conflict between objectives for fisheries and conservation.
TLDR
Unintended cultivation effects imply strong trade-offs between short-term fishery success and conservation efforts to restore ecosystems toward baseline conditions because goals for fisheries and conservation may be incompatible.Abstract:
The effects of fisheries on marine ecosystems, and their capacity to drive shifts in ecosystem states, have been widely documented. Less well appreciated is that some commercially valuable species respond positively to fishing-induced ecosystem change and can become important fisheries resources in modified ecosystems. Thus, the ecological effects of one fishery can unintentionally increase the abundance and productivity of other fished species (i.e., cultivate). We reviewed examples of this effect in the peer-reviewed literature. We found 2 underlying ecosystem drivers of the effect: trophic release of prey species when predators are overfished and habitat change. Key ecological, social, and economic conditions required for one fishery to unintentionally cultivate another include strong top-down control of prey by predators, the value of the new fishery, and the capacity of fishers to adapt to a new fishery. These unintended cultivation effects imply strong trade-offs between short-term fishery success and conservation efforts to restore ecosystems toward baseline conditions because goals for fisheries and conservation may be incompatible. Conflicts are likely to be exacerbated if fisheries baselines shift relative to conservation baselines and there is investment in the new fishery. However, in the long-term, restoration toward ecosystem baselines may often benefit both fishery and conservation goals. Unintended cultivation can be identified and predicted using a combination of time-series data, dietary studies, models of food webs, and socioeconomic data. Identifying unintended cultivation is necessary for management to set compatible goals for fisheries and conservation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Global analysis of depletion and recovery of seabed biota after bottom trawling disturbance
Jan G. Hiddink,Simon Jennings,Marija Sciberras,Claire L. Szostek,Kathryn M. Hughes,Nick Ellis,Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp,Robert A. McConnaughey,Tessa Mazor,Ray Hilborn,Jeremy S. Collie,C. Roland Pitcher,Ricardo O. Amoroso,Ana M. Parma,Petri Suuronen,Michel J. Kaiser +15 more
TL;DR: All available data for experimental and comparative studies of trawling impacts on whole communities of seabed macroinvertebrates on sedimentary habitats are collated and widely applicable methods to estimate depletion and recovery rates of biota after trawled are developed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Filling historical data gaps to foster solutions in marine conservation
Ruth H. Thurstan,Loren McClenachan,Larry B. Crowder,Joshua Adam Drew,John N. Kittinger,Phillip S. Levin,Callum M. Roberts,John M. Pandolfi +7 more
TL;DR: Several unconventional sources used by historical ecologists to fill data gaps are discussed - including menus, newspaper articles, cookbooks, museum collections, artwork, benthic sediment cores - and novel techniques for their analysis are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the impacts of fisheries on open-ocean ecosystems
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the role of fisheries in controlling open-ocean ecosystems at three ecological scales: (i) species (population or stock), (ii) biological community, and (iii) ecosystem, finding significant evidence for top-down control at the species and community scales.
Journal ArticleDOI
Indirect effects of bottom fishing on the productivity of marine fish
Jeremy Collie,Jan G. Hiddink,Tobias van Kooten,Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp,Michel J. Kaiser,Simon Jennings,Ray Hilborn +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the indirect effects of bottom trawls and dredges on marine fish production is presented, where the authors identify the habitats, fisheries or target species most likely to be affected.
Journal ArticleDOI
The assessment of fishery status depends on fish habitats
Christopher J. Brown,Andrew Broadley,Maria Fernanda Adame,Trevor A. Branch,Mischa P. Turschwell,Rod M. Connolly +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conceptualize how the classification of stock status can be biased by habitat change and show that stock status depends on how habitat affects fish demography and what reference points management uses to assess status.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems.
TL;DR: Recent studies show that a loss of resilience usually paves the way for a switch to an alternative state, which suggests that strategies for sustainable management of such ecosystems should focus on maintaining resilience.
Journal ArticleDOI
Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems.
Jeremy B. C. Jackson,Jeremy B. C. Jackson,Michael Xavier Kirby,Wolfgang H Berger,Karen A. Bjorndal,Louis W. Botsford,Bruce J. Bourque,Roger Bradbury,Richard G. Cooke,Jon M. Erlandson,James A. Estes,Terry P. Hughes,Susan M. Kidwell,Carina B. Lange,Hunter S. Lenihan,John M. Pandolfi,Charles H. Peterson,Robert S. Steneck,Mia J. Tegner,Robert R. Warner +19 more
TL;DR: Paleoecological, archaeological, and historical data show that time lags of decades to centuries occurred between the onset of overfishing and consequent changes in ecological communities, because unfished species of similar trophic level assumed the ecological roles of over-fished species until they too were overfished or died of epidemic diseases related to overcrowding as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Trophic-Dynamic Aspect of Ecology
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply trophic principles to a series of successional stages to shed new light on the dynamics of ecological succession, and apply them to aquatic food-cycle relationships.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anecdotes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries.
TL;DR: F isheries have recently become a topic for media with global audiences-but then again, fisheries are a global disaster: one of the few that affect, in very similar fashion, developed countries with well-established administrative and scientific infrastructure, newly industrialized countries, and developing countries.
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