Vibrio coralliilyticus Strain OCN008 Is an Etiological Agent of Acute Montipora White Syndrome
Blake Ushijima,Patrick Videau,Andrew Burger,Amanda Shore-Maggio,Christina M. Runyon,Mareike Sudek,Greta S. Aeby,Sean M. Callahan +7 more
TLDR
Vibrio coralliilyticus strain OCN008 is described, which induces acute Montipora white syndrome (aMWS), a tissue loss disease responsible for substantial mortality of the coralmontipora capitata in Kāne‘ohe Bay, Hawai‘i.Abstract:
Identification of a pathogen is a critical first step in the epidemiology and subsequent management of a disease. A limited number of pathogens have been identified for diseases contributing to the global decline of coral populations. Here we describe Vibrio coralliilyticus strain OCN008, which induces acute Montipora white syndrome (aMWS), a tissue loss disease responsible for substantial mortality of the coral Montipora capitata in Kāne'ohe Bay, Hawai'i. OCN008 was grown in pure culture, recreated signs of disease in experimentally infected corals, and could be recovered after infection. In addition, strains similar to OCN008 were isolated from diseased coral from the field but not from healthy M. capitata. OCN008 repeatedly induced the loss of healthy M. capitata tissue from fragments under laboratory conditions with a minimum infectious dose of between 10(7) and 10(8) CFU/ml of water. In contrast, Porites compressa was not infected by OCN008, indicating the host specificity of the pathogen. A decrease in water temperature from 27 to 23°C affected the time to disease onset, but the risk of infection was not significantly reduced. Temperature-dependent bleaching, which has been observed with the V. coralliilyticus type strain BAA-450, was not observed during infection with OCN008. A comparison of the OCN008 genome to the genomes of pathogenic V. coralliilyticus strains BAA-450 and P1 revealed similar virulence-associated genes and quorum-sensing systems. Despite this genetic similarity, infections of M. capitata by OCN008 do not follow the paradigm for V. coralliilyticus infections established by the type strain.read more
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Projections of climate conditions that increase coral disease susceptibility and pathogen abundance and virulence
Jeffrey Maynard,Jeffrey Maynard,Ruben van Hooidonk,Ruben van Hooidonk,C. Mark Eakin,Marjetta Puotinen,Melissa Garren,Gareth J. Williams,Scott F. Heron,Scott F. Heron,Joleah B. Lamb,Ernesto Weil,Bette L. Willis,C. Drew Harvell +13 more
TL;DR: Climate model projections of temperature conditions that will increase coral susceptibility to disease, pathogen abundance and pathogen virulence and identify priority locations to reduce stress caused by local human activities and test management interventions to reduce disease impacts are presented.
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Gene expression associated with white syndromes in a reef building coral, Acropora hyacinthus
TL;DR: Similarity of fully healthy samples to apparently healthy parts of diseased colonies indicates that systemic effects of white syndromes on A. hyacinthus are weak, which implies that the coral colony is largely able to sustain its physiological performance despite disease.
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Bacterial symbionts use a type VI secretion system to eliminate competitors in their natural host.
Lauren Speare,Andrew G. Cecere,Kirsten R. Guckes,Stephanie Smith,Michael S. Wollenberg,Mark J. Mandel,Tim Miyashiro,Alecia N. Septer +7 more
TL;DR: Findings reveal the importance of T6SS in spatially separating strains during the establishment of host colonization in a natural symbiosis, and how genetic variation among potential colonizers directly impacts the spatial structure of the host-associated population.
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Increased seawater temperature increases the abundance and alters the structure of natural Vibrio populations associated with the coral Pocillopora damicornis
Jessica Tout,Nachshon Siboni,Lauren F. Messer,Melissa Garren,Roman Stocker,Nicole S. Webster,Peter J. Ralph,Justin R. Seymour +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed heat stress experiments with the coral Pocillopora damicornis, where temperature was increased to 31°C, consistent with the 2-3°C predicted increase in summer sea surface maxima.
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Adapting with Microbial Help: Microbiome Flexibility Facilitates Rapid Responses to Environmental Change.
TL;DR: It is posited that microbiome flexibility is a broad phenomenon that contributes to the ability of organisms to respond to environmental change and adapting with microbial help may provide an alternate route to organismal adaptation that facilitates rapid responses.
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