Showing papers on "Field (Bourdieu) published in 2020"

Pathways of SME internationalization: a bibliometric and systematic review

Abstract: Business is dynamic and rapidly changing. Global markets were previously the playing field of multinational corporations (MNCs), while small and medium enterprises (SMEs) were local; however, the removal of imposed barriers, and recent technological advances in manufacturing, transportation and communications have indorsed SMEs and international entrepreneurs (IE) global access. SMEs and IEs are increasingly fueling economic growth and innovation and these trends are presenting both opportunities and challenges to both MNCs and SMEs in the global arena. This review systematically examines comparative SME and IE research, analyzing (after fine tuning) 762 articles published in leading journals from 1992 to September 2018. Our bibliometric and systematic review classifies SME and IE research findings into three echelons: (i) subjects; (ii) theories; and (iii) methods.

Sustainable fashion: current and future research directions

Abstract: The sustainable fashion (SF) literature is fragmented across the management discipline, leaving the path to a SF future unclear. As of yet, there has not been an attempt to bring these insights together or to more generally explore the question of “what is known about SF in the management literature and where could the SF field go from there?”. The purpose of this paper is to bring together the field to identify opportunities for societal impact and further research.,A systematic literature review was conducted from the first appearances of SF in the management literature in 2000 up to papers published in June 2019, which resulted in 465 included papers.,The results illustrate that SF research is largely defined by two approaches, namely, pragmatic change and radical change. The findings reveal seven research streams that span across the discipline to explore how organisational and consumer habits can be shaped for the future.,What is known about SF is constantly evolving, therefore, the paper aims to provide a representative sample of the state of SF in management literature to date.,This review provides decision makers with insights that have been synthesised from across the management field.,This review identifies knowledge gaps and informs managerial decision making in the field, particularly through serving as a foundation for further research.

Mitigating information overload in social media during conflicts and crises: design and evaluation of a cross-platform alerting system

Abstract: The research field of crisis informatics examines, amongst others, the potentials and barriers of social media use during conflicts and crises. Social media allow emergency services to reach the pu...

Do Networks Help People To Manage Poverty? Perspectives from the Field:

Abstract: I 2018, a staggering 38 million Americans, about one in every nine, faced income poverty. Seventeen million of them experienced deep or extreme poverty, defined as a household income below 50 percent of the household’s poverty threshold (Semega et al. 2019). extreme poverty has almost doubled between 1995 and 2016 (brady and Parolin 2019). given the magnitude of the problem both in the united States and worldwide, it is hardly surprising that poverty has had a steady place on the agenda of the social sciences. Nonetheless, not all of its features have received equal attention. A recent literature review of the causes of poverty (brady 2019) distinguished between three dominant explanations for poverty: individual behaviors and risk factors (e.g., unemployment, single motherhood,

Field courses narrow demographic achievement gaps in ecology and evolutionary biology.

Abstract: Disparities remain in the representation of marginalized students in STEM. Classroom-based experiential learning opportunities can increase student confidence and academic success; however, the effectiveness of extending learning to outdoor settings is unknown. Our objectives were to examine (a) demographic gaps in ecology and evolutionary biology (EEB) major completion, college graduation, and GPAs for students who did and did not enroll in field courses, (b) whether under-represented demographic groups were less likely to enroll in field courses, and (c) whether under-represented demographic groups were more likely to feel increased competency in science-related tasks (hereafter, self-efficacy) after participating in field courses. We compared the relationships among academic success measures and demographic data (race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, first-generation, and gender) for UC Santa Cruz undergraduate students admitted between 2008 and 2019 who participated in field courses (N = 941 students) and who did not (N = 28,215 students). Additionally, we administered longitudinal surveys to evaluate self-efficacy gains during field-based versus classroom-based courses (N = 570 students). We found no differences in the proportion of students matriculating at the university as undecided, proposed EEB, or proposed other majors across demographic groups. However, five years later, under-represented students were significantly less likely to graduate with EEB degrees, indicating retention rather than recruitment drives disparities in representation. This retention gap is partly due to a lower rate of college completion and partly through attrition to other majors. Although under-represented students were less likely to enroll in field courses, field courses were associated with higher self-efficacy gains, higher college graduation rates, higher EEB major retention, and higher GPAs at graduation. All demographic groups experienced significant increases in self-efficacy during field-based but not lecture-based courses. Together, our findings suggest that increasing the number of field courses and actively facilitating access to students from under-represented groups can be a powerful tool for increasing STEM diversity.

Exploring the boundaries of journalism: Instagram micro-bloggers in the twilight zone of lifestyle journalism:

Abstract: The arrival of new actors in the journalistic field increasingly necessitates new conceptual approaches to better understand journalistic work in the digital age. Social network sites have played a...

Feminist Science Studies: A New Generation

Abstract: (Un)Disciplined identities - forging knowledge across borders altered states - transforming disciplines from within stories from the field - implementing feminist science studies in the Academy 4 destination - re-integrating science, community and activism.

Targeting High Ability Entrepreneurs Using Community Information: Mechanism Design in the Field

Abstract: Microentrepreneurs in low-income countries have high marginal returns to capital yet face significant credit constraints. Because returns are highly heterogeneous, the cost of assessing credit worthiness often makes lending to this sector unprofitable. In this paper, we show that (1) community knowledge can help overcome information asymmetries prevalent in poorly developed financial markets and that (2) appropriately designed elicitation mechanisms can extract truthful community reports. We asked entrepreneurs in Maharashtra, India to rank their peers on metrics of business profitability and growth potential. To assess the validity of their reports, we then randomly distributed cash grants of USD 100 to a third of these entrepreneurs. We find that information provided by community members is highly predictive of the marginal return to capital: entrepreneurs ranked in the top tercile earn returns of 23% per month, which is three times the average return within the sample. We horserace community rankings against a machine learning prediction built using entrepreneur characteristics and find that peer reports are predictive over and above observable traits. Yet community information is only useful if it is feasible to collect truthful statements. We experimentally vary the elicitation environment and demonstrate agency problems when community members have incentive to lie: accuracy of community reports decreases by a third when cash grants are at stake. But we also show that tools from mechanism design can be used to address these agency problems. Paying for truthfulness using a peer prediction rule fully corrects for strategic misreporting induced by the high-stakes environment. Public reporting and cross-reporting techniques motivated by implementation theory also significantly improve the accuracy of peer reports. ∗Natalia Rigol: nrigol@hsph.harvard.edu. Reshmaan Hussan: rhussam@hbs.edu. Benjamin Roth: broth@hbs.edu. We would like to first thank our team for their tireless work on this project, especially our research manager Sitaram Mukherjee and our project assistants Prasenjit Samanta and Sayan Bhattacharjee. We are very grateful to Rohan Parakh for exceptional advice, research assistance, and field management. We are also grateful to Namita Tiwari, Suraj Jacob, and Meghana Mugikar for excellent assistance in the field. We thank Savannah Noray for meticulous technical assistance in Cambridge. This research was made possible with funding from the Asian Development Bank, Weiss Family Fund, PEDL, and the Schultz Fund at MIT. We received valuable feedback about this project from Rohini Pande, Benjamin Olken, Abhijit Banerjee, Pascaline Dupas, Esther Duflo, Peter Hull, Jonathan Roth, Christopher Woodruff, David McKenzie, Simone Schaner, Rema Hanna, and members of the Harvard and MIT development communities. We are especially indebted to Arielle Bernhardt.

From Poker Games to Kitchen Tables: How Social Dynamics Affect Frontline Decision Making:

Abstract: Existing research on bureaucratic encounters typically studies how bureaucrats’ and clients’ characteristics influence frontline decision making. How social interactions between street-level bureaucrats and between officials and citizens could directly affect case-related decisions largely remains an underexplored field of study, despite the fact that new forms of governance introduce social dynamics in the form of trust and collaboration as tools to increase legitimacy. Relying on in-depth qualitative data of the Belgian labor inspectorate and the Dutch tax authorities, this study scrutinizes how decisions about cases could be affected by their immediate social context.

Reflections on Social Impact Assessment in the 21st century

Abstract: Social impact assessment (SIA) is a field of research and practice that addresses everything associated with managing social issues throughout the project lifecycle (pre-conception to post-closure)...

Toward a Sociology of Deliberation

Abstract: This essay draws insights from Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory for the development of a sociological theory of deliberation. Most work on deliberative practice is strongly shaped by the concerns of deliberative democratic theory, and that theory tends to approach deliberation as a procedural mechanism for decision-making. Thus, there has been very little effort to theorize the sociological dimensions of deliberative practice. Bourdieu’s theory highlights a crucial dilemma in that practice. Efforts to infuse community politics with deliberation represent a politics of the most fundamental kind: a struggle to redefine the preferred categories, rules, roles, values, and behaviors that structure public life. But deliberation itself does not constitute a cohesive field of social activity. There is no common sense definition of what deliberation is, or how to tell a good deliberator from a bad one; moreover, as yet one can achieve no social distinction or status from embracing deliberation. Thus, members of a community engage in a fundamental political struggle without a shared sense of what they are doing or why they are doing it, and without the rewards of status or distinction that come with participation in an ongoing social field. Illustrated with examples from two years of ethnographic fieldwork into the practice of deliberation, this theory shows deliberation to be a fluid, sociologically complex and politically charged exercise.

Has the Concept of Opportunities Been Fruitful in the Field of Entrepreneurship

Abstract: Recent criticisms of the concept of opportunities either ignore the natural evolution of conceptual definitions in all the social sciences (Davidsson, 2015; Davidsson, Recker, & von Briel, 2020) or...

China in the global field of international student mobility: an analysis of economic, human and symbolic capitals

Abstract: The global landscape of higher education is an uneven field where players like nation-states are placed in hierarchical and centre-periphery relations. This paper focuses on the global field of int...

Playing the fields: Theorizing research impact and its assessment

Abstract: How research is assessed affects what types of knowledge are valued, incentivized, and rewarded. An increasingly important element of contemporary research evaluation is the measurement of the wider impact of research (e.g. benefit to society, culture or economy). Although the measurement of impact has been highly contested, the area is under-theorized and dominated by pragmatic research policy imperatives. Informed by a sociological perspective, this article intervenes in this context by reframing research impact as the attainment and maintenance of capital (i.e. symbolic power or status) in various fields beyond academia. It argues that research impact occurs at the intersection of these fields of power. The article shows that impact involves various combinations of capital from the scholarly field, the field of politics, the field of application, the media field, and the economic field, which provide credibility, authority, utility, visibility, and weight, respectively. In exploring the forms of worth and value that underpin the pursuit of legitimacy in these fields, the article provides a new theoretical framework for understanding research impact and its assessment.

Pierre Bourdieu on social transformation, with particular reference to political and symbolic revolutions

Abstract: This article challenges what is now the orthodoxy concerning the heritage of Bourdieu (1930–2002): namely, the judgement that his distinctive sociological innovation has been his theory of social reproduction, and that he has failed to provide a necessary theory of social change. Yet Bourdieu consistently claimed to offer a theory of social transformation as well as accounting for continuities of power. Indeed, he provides two substantive keys for an understanding of historical transformation—first, a theory of prophets (religious or secular) as the authors of heresies or “symbolic revolutions” that dispel current doxa; second, a theory of the “corporatism of the universal”: the role of intellectuals or other educated professionals in pursuit of social justice and other universalistic goals. Moreover, Bourdieu fuses his theories of “symbolic revolutions” with a materialist analysis of their social preconditions, including a fresh account of social crises. Crises—war, famine, recession, and especially the intensified precarity of the educated—have, for him, a profound impact, both within differentiated fields and across fields. Conflicts that become effectively synchronized across fields acquire great resonance within the wider field of power, particularly due to hysteresis or “maladjusted habitus.” Indeed, the appearance of crises, together with new prophetic heresies, leads the subordinate classes to question the taken-for-granted order of things and to orchestrate their resistance. Alongside his corpus of published writings, this article draws widely on Bourdieu’s posthumously published lectures. These cast a distinctive new light on how his well-known conceptual instruments can aid us in the study of historical change. They also expand on how social science itself might be used to facilitate progressive social movements.

The effect of the board on corporate social responsibility: bibliometric and social network analysis

Abstract: This is the first study that presents a full picture of the field by using a combination of two methodologies, bibliometric and social network analysis (SNA). Thus, this work maps the knowledge of ...

Legal Consciousness and Cultural Capital

Abstract: In this article, we use a Bourdieusian framework to theorize the relationship between cultural capital and legal consciousness, and in turn to consider how variation in legal consciousness contributes to the creation and maintenance of legal hegemony. We investigate how cultural capital shapes the ways people navigate situations that force them to mediate between state-conferred rights, on one hand, and requests from state authority, on the other. Specifically, we analyze open-ended responses to a series of vignettes about consti- tutional rights in the criminal procedure context. We find that high cultural capital gives rise to a greater sense of self-efficacy in police-citizen interactions. This finding parallels the literature on the influence of cultural capital in the education context and may point to a more general pattern of self- advocacy within the juridical field. People with high cultural capital also evince a more salient sense of entitlement, understanding their own needs and desires as paramount. The social processes we identify may make people with limited cultural capital more vulnerable to investigative authority, and thus more susceptible to arrest and prosecution. Even if knowledge of a right and the opportunity to assert that right are equally distributed, meaningful access to that right remains inequitable.

What can education bring to entrepreneurship? Formal versus non-formal education

Abstract: Building on a dynamic view of human capital for the entrepreneurship field, our article covers research performed in this field by examining: the effect of formal versus non-formal Entrepreneurial ...

Studying collective leadership: The road ahead:

Abstract: In the concluding article, we move from providing a map of the collective leadership (CL) research field that has been conducted to date to providing a travel guide that we hope can inspire both ex...

Precarious privilege: personal debt, lifestyle aspirations and mobility among international school teachers

Abstract: Recent decades have seen an exponential growth in the field of international schools, and a concurrent rise in the number of young Anglo-Saxon teachers overseas. Such mobile teaching careers have l...

Research paradigms in international human resource management: An epistemological systematisation of the field:

Abstract: The explicit consideration of Research Paradigms in International Human Resource Management, the title of this Special Issue, helps us in analysing and systematising the field to show how research ...

Navigating Crisis: The Role of Communication in Organizational Crisis:

Abstract: This article introduces the special issue on crisis communication, whose aim is to bring together diverse approaches and methods of analysis in the field. The article overviews the field by discuss...

A Research Agenda for Creative Tourism

Abstract: Original and thought-provoking, this book investigates how creative experiences, interactions, and place-specific dynamics and contexts combine to give shape to the expanding field of creative tourism across the globe. Exploring the evolution of research in this field, the authors investigate pathways for future research that advance conceptual questions and pragmatic issues.

European Studies and Europe: Twenty Years of Euroculture

Abstract: In 1998, the Master’s programme Euroculture started with the aim to offer, amid the many existing programmes that focused on European institutional developments, a European studies curriculum that puts the interplay of culture, society and politics in Europe at the heart of the curriculum. Among other topics, the programme focused on how Europe and European integration could be contextualised and what these concepts meant to European citizens. In June 2018, Euroculture celebrated its twentieth anniversary with a conference to discuss to discuss not only the changes within the MA Euroculture itself, but also to reflect upon the changes in the field of European studies over the last two decades writ large. This volume brings together the main findings of this conference. Since its start, Euroculture has engaged with European studies by providing a space for cooperation between more mainstream-oriented research on the one hand and a variety of sociological, historiographical, post-structuralist, and post-colonial perspectives on Europe on the other. This has enabled Euroculture to contextualise the emergence and development of European institutions historically and in relation to broader socio-political and cultural processes. Its methodology, that treats theoretical and analytical work, classroom teaching and engaged practice as integral parts of critical inquiry, has significantly contributed to its ability to continuously enhance scholarly discussions. The volume is divided into two parts, which are intrinsically linked. The first part contains reflections on the field of European studies and on concepts, analytical perspectives and methodologies that have emerged through interdisciplinary dialogues in Euroculture/European studies. The second part contains contributions that reflect upon the Euroculture programme itself, discussing both changes and continuities in the curriculum and didactic methods, outlining possible venues for further developing the educational and research programme that is firmly embedded in a network of partners that have been closely cooperating over a span of no less than two decades.

Thought Experiments and Philosophy in Organizational Research

Abstract: Organization theory seems to be caught between a rock and a hard place: on the one hand, there are arguments that the field is too preoccupied with theory, leaving its work abstract and practically...

An anticolonial future: reassembling the way we do rhetoric

Abstract: This essay is organized around four claims, which when taken together, demonstrate that it is time for the field of Communication Rhetoric in the United States to rethink the way it does rhetoric: ...