Showing papers on "Flyback converter published in 2013"
TL;DR: In this paper, a bidirectional full-bridge CLLC resonant converter using a new symmetric LLC-type resonant network is proposed for low-voltage direct current power distribution system.
Abstract: A bidirectional full-bridge CLLC resonant converter using a new symmetric LLC-type resonant network is proposed for a low-voltage direct current power distribution system. This converter can operate under high power conversion efficiency because the symmetric LLC resonant network has zero-voltage switching capability for primary power switches and soft commutation capability for output rectifiers. In addition, the proposed topology does not require any snubber circuits to reduce the voltage stress of the switching devices because the switch voltage of the primary and secondary power stage is confined by the input and output voltage, respectively. In addition, the power conversion efficiency of any directions is exactly same as each other. Using digital control schemes, a 5-kW prototype converter designed for a high-frequency galvanic isolation of 380-V dc buses was developed with a commercial digital signal processor. Intelligent digital control algorithms are also proposed to regulate output voltage and to control bidirectional power conversions. Using the prototype converter, experimental results were obtained to verify the performance of the proposed topology and control algorithms. The converter could softly change the power flow directions and its maximum power conversion efficiency was 97.8% during the bidirectional operation.
433 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a multiresonant dc-dc converter in a two-stage smart battery charger for neighborhood electric vehicle applications is presented, which eliminates both low and high-frequency current ripple on the battery, thus maximizing battery life without penalizing the volume of the charger.
Abstract: In this paper, resonant tank design procedure and practical design considerations are presented for a high performance LLC multiresonant dc-dc converter in a two-stage smart battery charger for neighborhood electric vehicle applications. The multiresonant converter has been analyzed and its performance characteristics are presented. It eliminates both low- and high-frequency current ripple on the battery, thus maximizing battery life without penalizing the volume of the charger. Simulation and experimental results are presented for a prototype unit converting 390 V from the input dc link to an output voltage range of 48-72 V dc at 650 W. The prototype achieves a peak efficiency of 96%.
390 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two modular multilevel topologies are proposed to step up or step down dc in medium-and high-voltage dc applications: the tuned filter modular multiilevel dc converter and the push-pull modular multi-level dc converter.
Abstract: The modular multilevel converter (M2C) has become an increasingly important topology in medium- and high-voltage applications. A limitation is that it relies on positive and negative half-cycles of the ac output voltage waveform to achieve charge balance on the submodule capacitors. To overcome this constraint a secondary power loop is introduced that exchanges power with the primary power loops at the input and output. Power is exchanged between the primary and secondary loops by using the principle of orthogonality of power flow at different frequencies. Two modular multilevel topologies are proposed to step up or step down dc in medium- and high-voltage dc applications: the tuned filter modular multilevel dc converter and the push-pull modular multilevel dc converter. An analytical simulation of the latter converter is presented to explain the operation.
313 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an asymmetrical interleaved high step-up converter was proposed for a front-end photovoltaic system, which is composed of a conventional boost converter and coupled inductors.
Abstract: A novel high step-up converter is proposed for a front-end photovoltaic system. Through a voltage multiplier module, an asymmetrical interleaved high step-up converter obtains high step-up gain without operating at an extreme duty ratio. The voltage multiplier module is composed of a conventional boost converter and coupled inductors. An extra conventional boost converter is integrated into the first phase to achieve a considerably higher voltage conversion ratio. The two-phase configuration not only reduces the current stress through each power switch, but also constrains the input current ripple, which decreases the conduction losses of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). In addition, the proposed converter functions as an active clamp circuit, which alleviates large voltage spikes across the power switches. Thus, the low-voltage-rated MOSFETs can be adopted for reductions of conduction losses and cost. Efficiency improves because the energy stored in leakage inductances is recycled to the output terminal. Finally, the prototype circuit with a 40-V input voltage, 380-V output, and 1000- W output power is operated to verify its performance. The highest efficiency is 96.8%.
259 citations
TL;DR: A robust adaptive sliding-mode controller is designed for a boost converter with an unknown resistive load and external input voltage, and the robustness of the adaptive controller to input voltage and load uncertainties and variations is tested experimentally.
Abstract: In this paper, a robust adaptive sliding-mode controller is designed for a boost converter with an unknown resistive load and external input voltage. Adaptation laws are designed using state observers. The closed-loop system for the boost converter is shown to be asymptotically stable. Finally, the robustness of the adaptive controller to input voltage and load uncertainties and variations is tested experimentally.
252 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a cell voltage equalizer circuit for future plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) or renewable energy storage is proposed, which is based on a time shared flyback converter, and any number of series connected cells in a string could be used without any apparent issues ensuring good modular architecture.
Abstract: A cell voltage equalizer circuit for future plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) or renewable energy storage is proposed in this paper. This topology has fewer passive components compared to the conventional topologies found in the literature, and therefore, it could reduce implementation complexity. This circuit is based on a time shared flyback converter, and any number of series connected cells in a string could be used without any apparent issues ensuring good modular architecture. Each cell in a module shares a single converter during its allocated time slot allocated by a low-power microcontroller. In addition, dynamic allocation of time slots is possible to achieve a faster cell balancing, and the circuit dynamically distributes depleted charge among the cells in a regenerative fashion. The operating principles and design procedures of the proposed topology have been presented in the paper. The prototype of a four-cell lithium-ion battery balancer circuit with the proposed topology has been constructed, and the test results have been included.
236 citations
21 Jul 2013
TL;DR: The paper introduces a mathematical model to include the converter limits and discusses how the equations change when a transformerless operation is considered or when the converter filter is omitted.
Abstract: Summary form only given. In this paper, a steady-state multi-terminal voltage source converter high voltage direct current (VSC MTDC) model is introduced. The proposed approach is extended to include multiple AC and DC grids with arbitrary topologies. The DC grids can thereby interconnect arbitrary buses in one or more non-synchronized AC systems. The converter equations are derived in their most general format and correctly define all set-points with respect to the system bus instead of the converter or filter bus, which is often done to simplify calculations. The paper introduces a mathematical model to include the converter limits and discusses how the equations change when a transformerless operation is considered or when the converter filter is omitted. An AC/VSC MTDC power flow is implemented using MATPOWER to show the validity of the generalized power flow model.
226 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a flyback converter is used to separate the decoupling capacitor from the PV Module, which allows for a high voltage and voltage ripples across its terminals.
Abstract: This paper presents a new microinverter topology that is intended for single-phase grid-connected PV systems. The proposed microinverter topology is based on a flyback converter, where an extra switch is added to separate the decoupling capacitor from the PV Module, which allows for a high voltage and voltage ripples across its terminals. This results in reducing the power decoupling required capacitance. In this manner, long life-time low power density film capacitors can be used instead of life-time limited high power density electrolytic capacitors, resulting in remarkable increase of microinverter's lifespan. The main advantages of the proposed topology are summarized as: 1) eliminating the double-frequency power ripple using a small film capacitor; 2) using long lifetime film capacitors, which will improve the reliability of the inverter; and 3) requiring no additional circuitry to manage the transformer leakage energy. A 100-W microinverter prototype was built to verify the proposed topology. Experimental results show that the proposed topology and its control scheme can realize the power decoupling, while maintaining very good conversion efficiency numbers.
208 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the proposed control strategy employs two independent frequencies, one of which operates at high frequency to minimize the size of the inductor while the other one operates at relatively low frequency according to the desired output voltage ripple.
Abstract: This paper proposes a high step-up dc-dc converter based on the Cockcroft-Walton (CW) voltage multiplier without a step-up transformer. Providing continuous input current with low ripple, high voltage ratio, and low voltage stress on the switches, diodes, and capacitors, the proposed converter is quite suitable for applying to low-input-level dc generation systems. Moreover, based on the n-stage CW voltage multiplier, the proposed converter can provide a suitable dc source for an n + 1-level multilevel inverter. In this paper, the proposed control strategy employs two independent frequencies, one of which operates at high frequency to minimize the size of the inductor while the other one operates at relatively low frequency according to the desired output voltage ripple. A 200-W laboratory prototype is built for test, and both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed converter.
187 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated three-port bidirectional dc-dc converter for a dc distribution system is presented, where one port of the low-voltage side of the proposed converter is chosen as a current source port which fits for photovoltaic (PV) panels with wide voltage variation.
Abstract: In this paper, an integrated three-port bidirectional dc-dc converter for a dc distribution system is presented. One port of the low-voltage side of the proposed converter is chosen as a current source port which fits for photovoltaic (PV) panels with wide voltage variation. In addition, the interleaved structure of the current source port can provide the desired small current ripple to benefit the PV panel to achieve the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Another port of the low-voltage side is chosen as a voltage source port interfaced with battery that has small voltage variation; therefore, the PV panel and energy storage element can be integrated by using one converter topology. The voltage port on the high-voltage side will be connected to the dc distribution bus. A high-frequency transformer of the proposed converter not only provides galvanic isolation between energy sources and high voltage dc bus, but also helps to remove the leakage current resulted from PV panels. The MPPT and power flow regulations are realized by duty cycle control and phase-shift angle control, respectively. Different from the single-phase dual-half-bridge converter, the power flow between the low-voltage side and high-voltage side is only related to the phase-shift angle in a large operation area. The system operation modes under different conditions are analyzed and the zero-voltage switching can be guaranteed in the PV application even when the dc-link voltage varies. Finally, system simulation and experimental results on a 3-kW hardware prototype are presented to verify the proposed technology.
184 citations
TL;DR: A fully electrical startup boost converter for thermal energy harvesting is presented, implemented in a 65-nm bulk CMOS technology and a miniaturized module is demonstrated for energy harvesting applications.
Abstract: A fully electrical startup boost converter for thermal energy harvesting is presented in this paper. The converter is implemented in a 65-nm bulk CMOS technology. With the proposed 3-stage stepping-up architecture, the minimum input voltage for startup is as low as 50 mV while the input voltage required for sustained power conversion is 30 mV. Due to the use of a zero-current-switching (ZCS) converter as the last stage and an automatic shutdown mechanism for the auxiliary converter, conversion efficiency up to 73% is achieved. By incorporating the boost converter and a thermoelectric generator (TEG), a miniaturized module is demonstrated for energy harvesting applications.
TL;DR: The proposed converter employs a Zeta converter and a coupled inductor, without the extreme duty ratios and high turns ratios generally needed for the coupled induction to achieve high step-up voltage conversion, to improve the energy-conversion efficiency.
Abstract: The grid-connected AC module is an alternative solution in photovoltaic (PV) generation systems. It combines a PV panel and a micro-inverter connected to grid. The use of a high step-up converter is essential for the grid-connected micro-inverter because the input voltage is about 15 V to 40 V for a single PV panel. The proposed converter employs a Zeta converter and a coupled inductor, without the extreme duty ratios and high turns ratios generally needed for the coupled inductor to achieve high step-up voltage conversion; the leakage-inductor energy of the coupled inductor is efficiently recycled to the load. These features improve the energy-conversion efficiency. The operating principles and steady-state analyses of continuous and boundary conduction modes, as well as the voltage and current stresses of the active components, are discussed in detail. A 25 V input voltage, 200 V output voltage, and 250 W output power prototype circuit of the proposed converter is implemented to verify the feasibility; the maximum efficiency is up to 97.3%, and full-load efficiency is 94.8%.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the converter droop settings and the dc grid network topology on the power sharing in a dc grid based on voltage source converter high voltage direct current technology was analyzed.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the influence of the converter droop settings and the dc grid network topology on the power sharing in a dc grid based on voltage source converter high voltage direct current technology. The paper presents an analytical tool to study the effect of the droop control settings on the steady-state voltage deviations and power sharing after a converter outage, thereby accounting for dc grid behavior. Furthermore, an optimization algorithm is developed, taking into account two conflicting optimization criteria. The simulation results show that, when selecting appropriate values for the converter gains, a tradeoff has to be made between the power sharing and the maximum allowable dc voltage deviation after an outage.
TL;DR: In this article, a high-efficiency isolated bidirectional ac-dc converter is proposed for a 380-V dc power distribution system to control the power flows and to improve its power conversion efficiency.
Abstract: A high-efficiency isolated bidirectional ac–dc converter is proposed for a 380-V dc power distribution system to control bidirectional power flows and to improve its power conversion efficiency. To reduce the switches’ losses of the proposed nonisolated full-bridge ac–dc rectifier using an unipolar switching method, switching devices employ insulated-gate bipolar transistors, MOSFETs, and silicon carbide diodes. Using the analysis of the rectifier’s operating modes, each switching device can be selected by considering switch stresses. A simple and intuitive frequency detection method for a single-phase synchronous reference frame-phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL) is also proposed using a filter compensator, a fast period detector, and a finite impulse response filter to improve the robustness and accuracy of PLL performance under fundamental frequency variations. In addition, design and control methodology of the bidirectional full-bridge CLLC resonant converter is suggested for the galvanic isolation of the dc distribution system. A dead-band control algorithm for the bidirectional dc–dc converter is developed to smoothly change power conversion directions only using output voltage information. Experimental results will verify the performance of the proposed methods using a 5-kW prototype converter.
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid-switching phase-shift full-bridge dc-dc converter is derived for electric vehicle battery chargers, which provides wide zero-voltage switching range in the leading leg switches, achieves zero-current switching for lagging-leg switches, and uses a hybrid switching method to avoid freewheeling circulating losses in the primary side.
Abstract: This paper first presents a hybrid-switching step-down dc-dc converter, and then, by introducing transformer isolation, a novel hybrid-switching phase-shift full-bridge dc-dc converter is derived for electric vehicle battery chargers. The proposed converter provides wide zero-voltage-switching range in the leading-leg switches, achieves zero-current-switching for lagging-leg switches, and uses a hybrid-switching method to avoid freewheeling circulating losses in the primary side. Because the resonant capacitor voltage of the hybrid-switching circuit is applied between the bridge rectifier and the output inductor for the duration of the freewheeling intervals, a smaller sized output inductor can be utilized. With the current rectifier diode of the hybrid-switching circuit providing a clamping path, the voltage overshoots that arise during the turn-off of the rectifier diodes are eliminated and the voltage stress of bridge rectifier is clamped to the minimal achievable value, which is equal to secondary-reflected input voltage of the transformer. The inductive energy stored in the output inductor and the capacitive energy stored in the resonant capacitor of the hybrid-switching circuit are transferred to the output simultaneously during the freewheeling intervals with only one diode in series in the current path, achieving more effective and efficient energy transfer. The effectiveness of the proposed converter was experimentally verified using a 3.6-kW prototype circuit designed for electric vehicle onboard chargers. Experimental results of the hardware prototype show that the converter achieves a peak efficiency of 98.1% and high system efficiencies over wide output voltage and power ranges.
TL;DR: Analysis and design of zero-voltage switching (ZVS) active-clamped current-fed full-bridge isolated dc/dc converter for fuel cell applications and detailed operation, analysis, design, simulation, and experimental results are presented.
Abstract: This paper presents analysis and design of zero-voltage switching (ZVS) active-clamped current-fed full-bridge isolated dc/dc converter for fuel cell applications. The designed converter maintains ZVS of all switches from full load down to very light load condition over wide input voltage variation. Detailed operation, analysis, design, simulation, and experimental results for the proposed design are presented. The additional auxiliary active clamping circuit absorbs the turn-off voltage spike limiting the peak voltage across the devices allowing the selection and use of low-voltage devices with low on-state resistance. In addition, it also assists in achieving ZVS of semiconductor devices. The converter utilizes the energy stored in the transformer leakage inductance aided by its magnetizing inductance to maintain ZVS. ZVS range depends upon the design, in particular the ratio of leakage and magnetizing inductances of the transformer. Rectifier diodes operate with zero-current switching. An experimental converter prototype rated at 500 W has been designed, built, and tested in the laboratory to verify the analysis, design, and performance for wide variations in input voltage and load.
TL;DR: The modeling and control design of this converter, valid for an arbitrary number of phases, is presented, and the developed approach is then applied to a six-phase IDDB.
Abstract: The interleaved double dual boost (IDDB) is a non-isolated step-up dc-dc converter capable of high voltage gain and suitable to high-power applications. In this paper, the modeling and control design of this converter, valid for an arbitrary number of phases, is presented. The developed approach is then applied to a six-phase IDDB, and experimental results are obtained with a prototype operating with an input voltage of 60 V, an output voltage of 360 V, and with a nominal output power of 2.2 kW. The applications of this converter include electrical vehicles and renewable energy conversion.
TL;DR: The study presents a non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter, which has simple circuit structure and the synchronous rectifier technique is used to reduce the losses.
Abstract: The study presents a non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter, which has simple circuit structure. The control strategy is easily implemented. Also, the synchronous rectifier technique is used to reduce the losses. The voltage gain of the proposed converter is the half and the double of the conventional bidirectional DC-DC buck/boost converter in the step-down and step-up modes, respectively. Therefore the proposed converter can be operated in wide-voltage-conversion range than the conventional bidirectional converter. The voltage stresses on the switches of the proposed converter are a half of the high-voltage side. In addition, the operating principle and steady-state analyses are discussed. Finally, a prototype circuit is implemented to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
TL;DR: In this paper, a multiple-input multiple-output dc-dc converter topology is proposed, which is able to accommodate an arbitrary number of sources and loads, and the steady-state and dynamic characteristics of the proposed converter are analyzed.
Abstract: A multiple-input multiple-output dc-dc converter topology is proposed. This converter is able to accommodate an arbitrary number of sources and loads. The steady-state and dynamic characteristics of the proposed converter are analyzed. A controller scheme is proposed that enables budgeting the input powers coming from different energy sources, in addition to regulating the output voltages. Loss and efficiency modeling and sensitivity analysis to the underlying parameters are performed. Several case studies are presented to verify the analytical models and evaluate the performance of the proposed converter.
TL;DR: In this paper, a soft-switched dc-dc converter using voltage multiplier cells is proposed for high-step up application, which has the following advantages: 1) doubled voltage conversion ratio of the basic configuration (N = 1) compared to the conventional boost converter; 2) zero voltage switching turn ON of switches and zero current switching turn OFF of diodes; 3) low input current ripple, reduced size of the passive component and current stresses of switches due to interleaved structure.
Abstract: In this paper, a soft-switched dc-dc converter using voltage multiplier cells is proposed for high-step up application. The proposed converter has the following advantages: 1) doubled voltage conversion ratio of the basic configuration (N = 1) compared to the conventional boost converter; 2) zero voltage switching turn ON of switches and zero current switching turn OFF of diodes; 3) low input current ripple, reduced size of the passive component and current stresses of switches due to interleaved structure, and 4) increased flexibility in device selection by adjusting the number of voltage multiplier cells. The proposed converter is compared to some high step-up converters. Experimental results from a 1-kW prototype are provided to validate the proposed concept.
TL;DR: A three-phase conversion system with permanent magnet machine, ac-ac converter, high-frequency transformer, and diode bridge rectifier is suggested in this paper for the series connection of dc turbines to show that the dc series park becomes comparable with the ac radial design for high ratings of the dc turbines.
Abstract: In this paper, the concept of an all-dc wind park with series-connected turbines is investigated as an alternative to the classical ac parallel or radial wind park. This paper presents a literature overview of all-dc wind park concepts with series connection. A three-phase conversion system with permanent magnet machine, ac-ac converter, high-frequency transformer, and diode bridge rectifier is suggested in this paper for the series connection of dc turbines. The dc series park with the suggested conversion system is compared in terms of losses, cost, and reliability to the state-of-the-art park configuration which is the ac radial park with HVDC transmission. It is found that the dc series park becomes comparable with the ac radial design for high ratings of the dc turbines. Furthermore, the comparison shows that emphasis must be put on reducing the losses in the conversion system of the dc turbine and, particularly, the ac-ac converter. Therefore, the efficiency of the ac-ac converter is compared for three different topologies: the direct matrix converter, the indirect matrix converter, and the conventional back-to-back converter. The direct matrix converter is found to be the most efficient, suitable for the suggested conversion system.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a novel high step-up dc/dc converter topology operating with a fractional short-circuit MPPT algorithm for use with a 4.2-V, 3.4-A TEG module and a converter output of 180 V.
Abstract: A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a low-voltage high-current dc power source with a linear V-I characteristic, and therefore, it is desirable to create a power converter with a topology and control method suited to these attributes. Due to the TEG's low voltage, a topology that produces a high step-up gain for a moderate duty cycle is required to reduce voltage and current stresses within the converter. The linear V-I characteristic produces a P-I characteristic with a flatter peak relative to other sources. This can result in large operating point variations while performing maximum power point tracking (MPPT); thus, an algorithm with low steady-state error is desired. This paper presents a novel high step-up dc/dc converter topology operating with a fractional short-circuit MPPT algorithm for use with a 4.2-V, 3.4-A (for matched load at ΔT = 270 °C) TEG module and a converter output of 180 V. Compared to existing high step-up dc/dc converters, the proposed converter achieves higher gain with similar component count. Experimental results are reported to confirm the converter analysis and better performance of the short-circuit MPPT algorithm over the perturb and observe algorithm.
TL;DR: A novel snubberless naturally clamped bidirectional current-fed half-bridge isolated dc/dc converter for fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and eliminates switch turn-off voltage spike concern with ZCS without any additional circuit, leading to reduced footprints and lower cost.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel snubberless naturally clamped bidirectional current-fed half-bridge isolated dc/dc converter for fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). The proposed converter achieves zero-current switching (ZCS) of the primary-side active semiconductor devices and zero-voltage switching of the secondary-side active semiconductor devices. It is a potential topology for FCVs, front-end dc/dc power conversion for fuel cell inverters, and energy storage. A proposed secondary-modulation clamps the voltage across the primary-side devices (current fed) naturally and eliminates switch turn-off voltage spike concern with ZCS without any additional circuit. This leads to reduced footprints and lower cost. Voltage across the primary-side current-fed devices is independent of duty cycle like conventional current-fed converters but clamped at a reflected output voltage. Therefore, comparatively low-voltage-rating devices with a low on-state resistance are used, introducing low conduction losses and higher efficiency. Steady-state analysis, operation, design, simulation, and experimental results of the proposed converter are reported in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, a non-isolated, high boost ratio hybrid transformer dc-dc converter with applications for low-voltage renewable energy sources was proposed, which utilizes a hybrid transformer to transfer the inductive and capacitive energy simultaneously.
Abstract: This paper presents a nonisolated, high boost ratio hybrid transformer dc–dc converter with applications for low-voltage renewable energy sources. The proposed converter utilizes a hybrid transformer to transfer the inductive and capacitive energy simultaneously, achieving a high boost ratio with a smaller sized magnetic component. As a result of incorporating the resonant operation mode into the traditional high boost ratio pulsewidth modulation converter, the turn-off loss of the switch is reduced, increasing the efficiency of the converter under all load conditions. The input current ripple and conduction losses are also reduced because of the hybrid linear-sinusoidal input current waveforms. The voltage stresses on the active switch and diodes are maintained at a low level and are independent of the changing input voltage over a wide range as a result of the resonant capacitor transferring energy to the output of the converter. The effectiveness of the proposed converter was experimentally verified using a 220-W prototype circuit. Utilizing an input voltage ranging from 20 to 45 V and a load range of 30–220 W, the experimental results show system of efficiencies greater than 96% with a peak efficiency of 97.4% at 35-V input, 160-W output. Due to the high system efficiency and the ability to operate with a wide variable input voltage, the proposed converter is an attractive design for alternative low dc voltage energy sources, such as solar photovoltaic modules and fuel cells.
TL;DR: In this paper, the different converter control strategies are introduced systematically, thereby aiming to provide a framework for classifying the different converters available in literature, and discussed how all converter control schemes theoretically can be regarded as limiting cases of a voltage droop control.
17 Oct 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the capacitance and inductance selection procedure of the modular multilevel converter is presented, and two analysis criteria are taken into consideration, the circulating current and voltage ripple across submodule capacitors.
Abstract: The paper presents a proposal for capacitance and inductance selection procedure of the modular multilevel converter. Two analysis criteria are taken into consideration, the circulating current and voltage ripple across submodule capacitors. Results are obtained numerically by using the converter averaged model based on state equations. In the modular multilevel converter operating under a direct modulation method, based on sinusoidal modulating signals, circulating currents flows through the converter arms. These currents are strongly dependant on the component parameters of the converter, such as: submodule DC-link capacitor capacitance and arm inductor inductance. Both components form a series resonance circuit in each converter arm. Resonance that occurs in the converter arm has to be avoided and therefore it is important to properly select component parameters while taking into account all possible resonances. Such components selection should be carried out at an early stage of the converter design.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new prototype of a secondary-side phase shift soft-switching PWM dc-dc converter suitable for electric vehicle battery charging systems is presented, and its operating principle is presented on the basis of theoretical analysis and simulation results.
Abstract: A new prototype of a secondary-side phase shift soft-switching PWM dc-dc converter suitable for electric vehicle battery charging systems is presented in this paper. Wide range soft-switching operations are achievable from full load to no load by effectively utilizing the parasitic inductances of the high frequency transformer in the proposed dc-dc converter. In addition, no circulating current occurs in both of the primary and secondary side full-bridge circuits; thereby, the related idling power can be minimized. As a result, high efficiency power conversion can be maintained owing to the full range soft-switching operation and wide range output power and voltage regulations. Its operating principle is presented on the basis of theoretical analysis and simulation results, and the design procedure of the circuit parameters of the proposed dc-dc converter is described. The essential performance and its effectiveness of the proposed dc-dc converter are originally demonstrated from a practical point of view in an experiment using a 1 kW-50 kHz laboratory prototype.
TL;DR: This paper integrates a novel primary-side regulation (PSR) scheme with a single-stage high-power-factor (PF) ac-dc light-emitting-diode (LED) driving circuit based on the combination of a buck-boost PF corrector and a flyback converter.
Abstract: This paper integrates a novel primary-side regulation (PSR) scheme with a single-stage high-power-factor (PF) ac-dc light-emitting-diode (LED) driving circuit. The driving circuit is based on the combination of a buck-boost PF corrector and a flyback converter. The component amount, cost, and size can be significantly reduced by replacing the secondary-side regulation with the PSR. In this way, not only high performance but also low cost and small system size can be achieved. Above 0.97 PF and 82% efficiency are obtained from a 12-W (60 W replaced) LED bulb driver prototype.
TL;DR: In this article, a reconfigurable solar converter (RSC) for photovoltaic (PV)-battery application, particularly utility-scale PV-battery, is proposed.
Abstract: This paper introduces a new converter called reconfigurable solar converter (RSC) for photovoltaic (PV)-battery application, particularly utility-scale PV-battery application. The main concept of the new converter is to use a single-stage three-phase grid-tie solar PV converter to perform dc/ac and dc/dc operations. This converter solution is appealing for PV-battery application, because it minimizes the number of conversion stages, thereby improving efficiency and reducing cost, weight, and volume. In this paper, a combination of analysis and experimental tests is used to demonstrate the attractive performance characteristics of the proposed RSC.
TL;DR: In this study, a coupled-inductor-based dc-dc converter scheme utilizes only one power switch with the properties of voltage clamping and soft switching, and the corresponding device specifications are adequately designed, allowing for high-efficiency power conversion, high step-up ratio, and various output voltages with different levels.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to develop a high-efficiency single-input multiple-output (SIMO) dc-dc converter. The proposed converter can boost the voltage of a low-voltage input power source to a controllable high-voltage dc bus and middle-voltage output terminals. The high-voltage dc bus can take as the main power for a high-voltage dc load or the front terminal of a dc-ac inverter. Moreover, middle-voltage output terminals can supply powers for individual middle-voltage dc loads or for charging auxiliary power sources (e.g., battery modules). In this study, a coupled-inductor-based dc-dc converter scheme utilizes only one power switch with the properties of voltage clamping and soft switching, and the corresponding device specifications are adequately designed. As a result, the objectives of high-efficiency power conversion, high step-up ratio, and various output voltages with different levels can be obtained. Some experimental results via a kilowatt-level prototype are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed SIMO dc-dc converter in practical applications.