Showing papers on "Hexane published in 2019"
TL;DR: By applying topologically directed design strategy and precisely controlling the pore structure or ligand functionality, this Account has successfully synthesized a series of highly robust MOFs built on tetratopic carboxylate linkers that demonstrate high performance for the separation of C5-C6 alkane isomers.
Abstract: The separation of alkane isomers, particularly C5-C6 alkanes, is of paramount importance in the petrochemical industry to achieve high quality gasoline. Upon catalytic isomerization reactions, less branched alkanes (with lower octane number) need to be separated from their more branched isomers (with higher octane number) in order to improve the octane rating of gasoline. To reduce the high energy input associated with distillations, the primary separation technique currently used in industry, adsorptive separation by porous solids has been proposed. For example, zeolite 5A has been used as the adsorbent material for adsorptive separation of linear alkanes from their branched isomers, as a supplement technology to distillations. However, due to the limited number of zeolite structures and the lack of porosity tenability in these compounds, the task has not been fully fulfilled by using zeolites. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), in light of their structural diversity and high tunability in terms of surface area, pore size, and pore shape, offer new opportunities for resolving industrially relevant separation of alkanes through selective adsorption. This Account summarizes recent development of microporous MOFs for the separation of alkanes, with an emphasis on C5-C6 alkane isomers, including early examples of alkane separation by MOFs, as well as the latest advancement on tailor-made microporous MOFs for size sieving of C5-C6 alkane isomers. The limitation of zeolite 5A as a sorbent material for the separation of C5-C6 alkane isomers lies in its relatively low adsorption capacity. In addition, it is not capable of separating branched alkanes, which is a crucial step for further improving the octane rating of gasoline. The high porosity and tunable pore size and pore shape of MOFs may afford them higher adsorption capacity and selectivity when used for alkane separation. MOFs with pore size slightly larger than the kinetic diameter of branched alkanes can effectively separate alkane isomers through thermodynamically controlled separation, as seen in the case of Fe2(bdp)3 (bdp2- = 1,4-benzenedipyrazolate). This MOF is capable of separating a mixture of hexane isomers by the degrees of branching, with higher adsorption capacity than zeolites under similar conditions but with relatively low selectivity. One effective strategy for obtaining MOFs with optimal pore size and pore shape for highly selective adsorption is to make use of reticular chemistry and precise ligand design. By applying topologically directed design strategy and precisely controlling the pore structure or ligand functionality, we have successfully synthesized a series of highly robust MOFs built on tetratopic carboxylate linkers that demonstrate high performance for the separation of C5-C6 alkane isomers. Zr-bptc (bptc4-= 3,3',5,5'-biphenyltetracarboxylate) adsorbs linear alkanes only and excludes all branched isomers. This size-exclusion mechanism is very similar to that of zeolite 5A. Yet, Zr-bptc has a significantly enhanced adsorption capacity for n-hexane, 70% higher than that of zeolite 5A under identical conditions. Zr-abtc (abtc4- = 3,3',5,5'-azobenzenetetracarboxylate) is capable of discriminating all three C6 alkane isomers via a thermodynamically controlled process, yielding a high separation factor for monobranched over dibranched isomers. MOFs with flexible framework may exhibit unexpected but desired adsorption properties. Ca(H2tcpb) (tcpb4- = 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)-benzene) can fully separate binary or ternary mixtures of C5-C6 alkane isomers into pure form through selective molecular sieving as a result of its temperature- and adsorbate-dependent framework flexibility. The intriguing structural properties and exceptional tunability of these MOFs make them promising candidates for industrial implementation of adsorptive separation of alkane isomers.
130 citations
TL;DR: It was obtained that low concentrations of hexane may impose more instability on the enzyme conformation than higher percentages, and results showed that presence of water is determining factor in the enzyme stability at high concentrations ofhexane.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a second-order polynomial equation was employed, and ANOVA was applied to evaluate the impact of various operating parameters including extraction temperature (x1; 44.9-70.1°C), extraction time (x2; 5.0-10.0 ǫh) and solvent to solid ratio (x3; 11.6-28.4ǫg−1), on oil yield.
Abstract: Oil from seeds of Diospyros lotus was extracted using a conventional method with two different solvents: hexane and petroleum ether. A central composite design with response surface methodology were used to optimize the process. A second-order polynomial equation was employed, and ANOVA was applied to evaluate the impact of various operating parameters including extraction temperature (x1; 44.9–70.1 °C), extraction time (x2; 5.0–10.0 h) and solvent to solid ratio (x3; 11.6–28.4 mL g−1), on oil yield. Experiments to validate the model showed decent conformity between predicted and actual values. Extraction conditions for optimal oil yield were 61 °C, 8.75 h extraction duration and 19.25 mL g−1 solvent to solid ratio. Under these conditions, the oil yield was predicted to be 5.1340%. Oil samples obtained were then analyzed using gas chromatography. The fatty acid composition revealed the major fatty acids to be oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2). The analysis of oil also demonstrated a decent ratio between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The structure of seeds was imaged using scanning electron microscopy. Oil quality was analyzed thermogravimetrically and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The assigned nutritional features of the D. lotus oil suggested that it can be used as an edible oil in pharmaceutical and food industry in the future.
29 citations
TL;DR: The results indicated that solvent extraction had higher yields while SC-CO2 had a lower yield, and the yield of conventional solvent extraction increased with decreasing particle sizes.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the use of Natural Clay (NC) for removal of crude oil from solution was evaluated and the sorbent was characterized by the Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Xray fluorescence and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analyzer.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the volatiles' reaction in pyrolysis of a bituminous coal (SM) and a lignite (HLBE) using a two-stage fixed-bed laboratory reactor with the second-stage temperature of 440-700 °C and the residence time of 1.5-6.9
27 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a high-value carotenoid that is extracted mainly from marine organisms, was extracted from engineered camelina seed using ethanol-modified supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) for the first time, and compared withhexane and accelerated solvent extraction using hexane and ethanol.
Abstract: Natural astaxanthin, a high-value carotenoid that is currently extracted mainly from marine organisms, was extracted from engineered camelina seed using ethanol-modified supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) for the first time, and compared with hexane and accelerated solvent extraction using hexane and ethanol. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotatable design was employed to investigate the effect of pressure (30–45 MPa), temperature (40–60 °C), and ethanol concentration (10–35%, w/w). RSM-optimized conditions (41.6 MPa, 36.6 °C and 42.0% ethanol concentration) predicted the astaxanthin concentration as 437 μg/g oil, whereas the actual concentration was 421 ± 14 μg/g oil. Astaxanthin concentration in accelerated solvent extracted oil was significantly lower than that in ethanol-modified SC-CO2- and hexane-extracted oils (P
26 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the physicochemical properties of gurum seed oil obtained from supercritical CO₂, screw pressing, and hexane extraction were studied, and the results showed that the highest yield of lipids was obtained by the hexane extractor (34.04%) as compared to supercritical co-partitioning (30.05%) and screw pressing (27.5%), respectively.
Abstract: Lipid composition, physicochemical, antioxidant, and thermal properties of gurum seed oil obtained from supercritical CO₂, screw pressing and hexane extraction were studied. Results showed that the highest yield of lipids was obtained by the hexane extraction (34.04%) as compared to supercritical CO₂ (30.05%) and screw pressing (27.5%), respectively. The physicochemical properties of oil extracted by different methods are important criteria to select the oil for edible purpose. Supercritical CO₂ gurum oil has higher linoleic acid composition in comparison to the screw press gurum oil and hexane gurum oil. Supercritical CO₂ gurum oil and hexane gurum oil showed lower free fatty acid values (0.60 and 0.46%, respectively). Supercritical CO₂ gurum oil has shown higher amounts of (C18:1‐C18:1‐C18:2)‐TAG. Supercritical CO₂ gurum oil has excellent properties, especially in the terms of polyphenol, β‐tocopherol, ergosta‐7, 22‐dein‐3‐ol, and antioxidant activity. Thus, suggesting the supercritical CO₂ gurum oil as desired alternative for extracting fats with altitude nutritional value, while keeping bioactive compounds intact. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study is beneficial for extraction of oil from seeds. Supercritical CO₂ fluid extraction (SFE) is quite demanding technique on the industrial scale. SFE is a novel method to extract the oil from gurum seed and can be used in various fields such as food and pharmaceutical industries. The presented results revealed that gurum seed oil extracted by SFE could be the desired alternative for extracting fats with altitude nutritional values while keeping intact healthier bioactive compounds for wellbeing of human health.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the selective separation of toluene from mixtures of heptane or hexane was investigated using the newly emerging family of deep eutectic solvents.
Abstract: In this work, the selective separation of toluene from mixtures of toluene + heptane or toluene + hexane was investigated using the newly emerging family of solvents, namely, deep eutectic solvents...
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the catalytic and acid properties of high-silica zeolite H-ZSM-5 modified with Cu was investigated for conversion of hexane into value-added hydrocarbons.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared Dimethyl ether (DME) with n-hexane in terms of the capability of viscosity reduction for Athabasca bitumen and its mixtures with DME and nhexane.
Abstract:
Dimethyl ether (DME) was investigated as a potential additive to steam to improve steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) in a previous simulation study. The main objective of this research is to compare DME with n-hexane in terms of the capability of viscosity reduction for Athabasca bitumen. In addition, new experimental data are presented for bubblepoint pressures, densities, and viscosities of Athabasca bitumen and its mixtures with DME and n-hexane.
Results show that DME results in slightly higher viscosity than n-hexane when they are mixed with the same Athabasca bitumen at a given pressure, temperature, and molar concentration. For example, the equimolar mixture of DME with Athabasca bitumen is 79 cp, and that of n-hexane with the same bitumen is 49 cp at 328 K and 60 bar. However, the two solvents are equivalent as diluent at temperatures higher than 380 K. For example, the difference is approximately 1 cp at 382 K and 35 bar between the equimolar mixture of Athabasca bitumen with DME and that with n-hexane.
The viscosity data measured for bitumen/n-hexane mixtures and bitumen/DME mixtures in this research were correlated with three different viscosity models: a modified Arrhenius model, the power-law model, and the Walther (1931) model. The viscosity data were well-correlated with the modified Arrhenius model, but not with the original Arrhenius (log-linear mixing) rule. The modified Arrhenius model can be used directly with a commercial simulator.
Liquid/liquid separation for solvent/bitumen mixtures, which occurred for n-butane/Athabasca bitumen in Gao et al. (2017), was not observed for any of the DME/bitumen and n-hexane/bitumen mixtures in this research. The highest solvent concentration in this study was 80 mol% DME for the DME/bitumen system and 92 mol% n-hexane for the n-hexane/bitumen system.
TL;DR: The results showed an average oil yield obtained of 11.6%, specific gravity of 0.92kg/m3, the refractive index of 1.464 at 30°C, an acid value of 7.72 mg KOH/g, a free fatty acid value, a saponification value of 200, and some triglycerides, carbonyl, alkane, and alkene compounds.
Abstract: This research work was undertaken to determine the physicochemical parameters of oil from the seeds of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) and further evaluate the adsorptive properties of the fruit shell. The oil was extracted using hexane with the soxhlet apparatus at a temperature of 65°C for 4 hours. The results showed an average oil yield obtained of 11.6%, specific gravity of 0.92kg/m3, the refractive index of 1.464 at 30°C, an acid value of 7.72 mg KOH/g, a free fatty acid value of 3.16 g/100g, saponification value of 200.56 mg KOH/g, and an iodine value of 70.64 g/100g. A Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) study on the oil identified some triglycerides, carbonyl, alkane, and alkene compounds. Adsorptive studies of the fruit shell for the removal of dye were also performed after chemical activation with CaCl2, MgCl2, and ZnCl2. The kinetics of the adsorption favoured a pseudo-first-order reaction pathway for CaCl2 with R2 of 0.941 while ZnCl2 and MgCl2 favoured a pseudo-second-order reaction pathway with R2 of 0.914 and 0.973, respectively.
TL;DR: In this paper, CaO/scoria (a kind of ignition rock) was used as catalyst of transesterification reaction and a Box-Behnken design was used to optimize four variables: temperature, time, methanol to oil molar ratio and n-hexane to oil volume ratio.
TL;DR: The surface activity of the selected surfactant C13DMPO is optimum to demonstrate the impact of matter transfer across the interface on the dilational visco-elasticity of interfacial adsorption layers of non-ionic surfactants.
TL;DR: The performance of porous metal organic framework ZIF-8 in the separation of all five hexane isomers (nC6, 2MP, 3MP, 23DMB, 22DMB) is evaluated through a series of multicomponent breakthrough adsor...
Abstract: The performance of porous metal organic framework ZIF-8 in the separation of all five hexane isomers (nC6, 2MP, 3MP, 23DMB, 22DMB) is evaluated through a series of multicomponent breakthrough adsor...
TL;DR: The finding indicates that oil extracted with Hexane from Konso had a better quality, indicating that the extraction of oil using hexane from M. stenopetala seed could be of great importance in edible oil production.
TL;DR: AAEP of oil from soak-heated rapeseeds is a promising alternative to conventional oil extraction methods.
Abstract: BACKGROUND The alcohol-assisted aqueous extraction processing (AAEP) of oil has many advantages such as no need for demulsification and relative low cost compared with enzymatic aqueous extraction processing (EAEP). Three kinds of thermal pretreatments including dry-heating, wet-heating and soak-heating followed by the AAEP of rapeseed oil were investigated. RESULTS Both soak-heating and wet-heating had a higher contribution rate to oil yield than dry-heating due to the enhancement of heat transfer rate owing to the high moisture content in the rapeseed cells. However, oil from soak-heated rapeseeds showed a much lower level on peroxide value (0.41 mmol kg-1 ) than that of wet-heated rapeseeds (5.23 mmol kg-1 ). In addition, transmission electron microscopy images illustrated that promoting effects of soak-heating and wet-heating on oil release were attributed to the coalescence of oil bodies. A relative low concentration of alcohol solution as an extraction medium, the highest oil recovery of 92.77% was achieved when ground rapeseeds (mean particle size: 21.23 µm) were treated with 45% (v/v) alcohol for 2 h at 70 °C and pH 9.0. Both the acid value and the peroxide value are lower than the commercial oil produced by extrusion and hexane extraction. Furthermore, the oil produced from AAEP also had higher content of tocopherols and lower content of trans-fatty acids than the commercial oil. CONCLUSION AAEP of oil from soak-heated rapeseeds is a promising alternative to conventional oil extraction methods. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that mixtures of (hexane + perfluorohexane) above the upper critical solution temperature segregate by forming domains at the nanometric scale, and nano-segregation is here observed in fluids governed exclusively by dispersion interactions.
Abstract: In this work we demonstrate that mixtures of (hexane + perfluorohexane) above the upper critical solution temperature segregate by forming domains at the nanometric scale. 129Xe NMR spectra obtained for solutions of xenon in liquid mixtures of (hexane + perfluorohexane) as a function of temperature suggest the existence of domains richer in the hydrogenated component, in which xenon “prefers” to be solvated. The average local concentration within the xenon coordination sphere is at least 0.05 higher in hexane mole fraction than the nominal concentration of the mixture. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations support this analysis in excellent agreement with the experimental data. Additionally, 129Xe NMR spectra in pure perfluoroalkanes allow a detailed analysis of the liquid structure, continuing that previously reported for the liquid alkanes. It should be emphasised that nano-segregation is here observed in fluids governed exclusively by dispersion interactions, in contrast to other examples in which hydrogen bonding and polarity play important roles. Given its simplicity, this case study is thus prone to have a general impact in understanding the early mechanisms of segregation, phase separation and self-assembly.
TL;DR: Subcritical R134a/butane extraction appeared to be feasible for rapeseed cake oil extraction as the highest extraction yield and β‐carotene content of SRBEO were compared with SCO2EO and HXEO.
Abstract: The optimal extraction conditions of rapeseed cake oil using subcritical R134a/butane were established by response surface methodology. The quality of subcritical R134a/butane extraction oil (SRBEO) was compared with supercritical CO2 extraction oil (SCO2EO) and hexane extraction oil (HXEO). The results showed the highest extraction yield obtained by subcritical R134a/butane in the condition of R134a-butane ratio of 1.5 kg/kg, at 45°C for 50 min. Compared with SCO2EO and HXEO, the extraction yield and β-carotene content of SRBEO (87.76%, 357.21 μg/100g) were the highest. The content of phospholipids and canolol in SRBEO (3.01 mg/g, 118.51 mg/100 g) was higher than SCO2EO (not detected, 95.82 mg/100 g) and less than HXEO (25.78 mg/g, 131.85 mg/100 g). The tocopherols in SRBEO were equivalent to SCO2EO but phytosterol content of SRBEO (560.19 mg/100 g) was less than SCO2EO (591.40 mg/100 g). For fatty acids, the three extraction oils had slight difference. Thus, subcritical R134a/butane extraction appeared to be feasible for rapeseed cake oil extraction.
TL;DR: KO in hexane layer and extracted by the subcritical butane method are abundant in astaxanthin, while KO in the ethanol layer had the highest phospholipid (PL) content, making it a potential candidate in the nutraceutical and antioxidant industry.
Abstract: This study aimed to develop a safe method EH (ethanol-hexane) to extract two kinds of krill oil (KO) simultaneously and analyze their composition. Meanwhile, subcritical butane and subcritical butane-dimethyl ether extraction were used to extract KO for analysis comparison. Folch method was used to extract total lipids. When the volume ratio of ethanol to hexane is 4:6, the separation effect of ethanol layer and hexane layer is best. At this condition, the EH method yielded similar amount of lipids (up to 97. 72% of total lipids) with subcritical butane extraction method (97.60%). The recovery rate of ethanol and hexane was 83.6% and 86.86%, respectively. KO in hexane layer and extracted by the subcritical butane method are abundant in astaxanthin (910 and 940 mg/kg respectively), while KO in the ethanol layer had the highest phospholipid (PL) content (47.34%), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content (45.51%), and the lowest fluorine content (11.17 μg/g), making it a potential candidate in the nutraceutical and antioxidant industry.
TL;DR: In this article, two configurations of single-walled carbon nanotube-based chemi-capacitive gas sensors were fabricated, and their sensing properties for hexane and ammonia (NH3) vapor were characterized and compared with chemi resistive-type sensing properties.
Abstract: Two configurations of single-walled carbon nanotube-based chemi-capacitive gas sensors were fabricated, i.e., horizontal and vertical. Further, their sensing properties for hexane and ammonia (NH3) vapor were characterized and compared with chemi-resistive-type sensing properties. Upon exposure to hexane and NH3 vapor, both capacitance and resistance varied as the analyte concentration increased. The sensing sensitivity measured along the horizontal direction increased with the device resistance. However, the capacitive sensing response along the vertical direction was independent of the number and fraction of semi-conductive single-walled carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, the vertical chemi-capacitive sensing response was dependent on the dipole moment of analytes.
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, alternative solvents: ethanol and isopropanol, to replace hexane and enhance the quality and value of oil and meal were investigated, and the results showed that hydroalcoholic extraction increased meal protein content by 13% compared to hexane extraction, but without significant influence of alcohol and water content.
Abstract: This study investigated alternative solvents: ethanol and isopropanol, to replace hexane and enhance the quality and value of oil and meal. Rapeseed oil extraction was carried out using ethanol (92 wt.% or 96 wt.%), isopropanol (84 wt.% or 88 wt.%) or hexane (as reference). Results show that hydroalcoholic extraction increased meal protein content by 13% compared to hexane extraction, but without significant influence of alcohol and water content. However, increasing water content improved glucosinolate extractability. Isopropanol 84 wt.% eliminated most glucosinolates from the seeds, decreasing glucosinolate concentration by 49–73% compared to meals extracted by the other alcohols.
TL;DR: In this article, the selectivity of microporous xerogels towards gases and vapours has been studied to a little extent, and the most promising results were obtained for the carbon dioxide / methane system.
TL;DR: In this paper, a number of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were selected from a pool of 4764 structures to investigate and assess their kinetic and adsorption-based separation performances in separating hexane isomers.
Abstract: Molecular modelling and computational science tools were employed to select a number of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) from a pool of 4764 structures to investigate and assess their kinetic and adsorption-based separation performances in separating hexane isomers. The self-diffusivities of all single-component isomers were obtained from molecular dynamics simulations at infinite dilution and at a loading of 4 molecules/unit cell and at several temperatures. The self-diffusivities of the binary mixtures of the hexane isomers were also computed to obtain the kinetic separation metrics. The diffusivities at infinite dilution and at 298 K show a variety of trends as a degree of branching in the chosen MOFs. The linear hexane diffuses faster than other isomers in majority of the MOFs. On the other hand, the MOFs considered here show reverse adsorption selectivity, with the dibranched isomers adsorbing more than the linear one. The diffusivities at infinite dilution, as a function of temperature, of all isomer...
TL;DR: In this article, the hydrogenation of short chain (C2-C4) carboxylic acids in hexane hexane was studied, and the results showed that the carboxyl acid can be used to simulate bio-oil components.
Abstract: Due to the complexity of bio-oil many studies have focused on model compounds which mimic components in bio-oil. In this paper, the hydrogenation of short chain (C2–C4) carboxylic acids in hexane u...
TL;DR: The results of this study provide relevant information that can be used to improve organic solvent extraction processes of vegetable oil and show significant differences depending on solvent type and extraction method.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different extraction solvents (petroleum benzene, hexane, diethyl ether and acetone) and extraction methods (hot and cold) on oil yield of safflower seeds and its fatty acid compositions. Oil contents of safflower seeds extracted by hot extraction system were changed between 37.40% (acetone) and 39.53% (petroleum benzene), while that of cold extraction was varied between 39.96% (petroleum benzene) and 39.40% (diethyl ether). Regarding the extraction solvents, the highest oil yield (39.53%) was obtained with petroleum benzene, while the minimum value (37.40%) was found with acetone under hot extraction condition. The main fatty acids observed in all extracted oil samples were linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids. Oleic acid contents of safflower oils extracted by hot extraction system was ranged between 41.20% (acetone) and 42.54% (hexane), its content in oils obtained by cold extraction method was varied between 40.58% (acetone) and 42.10% (hexane and diethyl ether). Linoleic content of safflower oil extracted by hot extraction system was found between 48.23% (acetone) and 49.62% (hexane), while that oil extracted by cold method range from 48.07 (hexane) to 49.09% (acetone). The fatty acid composition of safflower seeds oil showed significant (p < 0.05) differences depending on solvent type and extraction method. The results of this study provide relevant information that can be used to improve organic solvent extraction processes of vegetable oil.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of solubilized crude oil on foam stability in a core-flooding setup and found that both gas and oil mobility are reduced when co-injecting crude oil, gas and surfactant solution in a porous medium.
04 Apr 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of acidic pretreatments of those carbon catalysts on the performance of HDO reaction was studied in detailed, and the result indicated that carbon support pretreated by phosphoric acid presented much phosphorus groups, but the carbon support prereated by nitric acid presented high graphitization degree.
Abstract: Sorbitol was reported as one promising platform compounds as a C6 sugar related derivative from biomass cellulose due to its high oxygen content with six hydroxyl groups. Our previous work has reported the selective hydrodeoxyenation (HDO) of sorbitol into long alkanes such as pentane and hexane (C5/C6) over carbon supported ruthenium-molybdenum catalysts. Here, the effect of acidic pretreatments of those carbon catalysts on the performance of HDO reaction was studied in detailed. The result indicated that carbon support pretreated by phosphoric acid presented much phosphorus groups, but the carbon support pretreated by nitric acid presented high graphitization degree. Moreover, the phosphoric acid pretreated catalyst (RuMo/C–P) obtained high HDO performance in the sorbitol conversion with 79.7% carbon yield of C5/C6 alkane (pentane and hexane). Finally, detailed characterizations (N2-adsorption, XRD, HRTEM, XPS, XRF, Raman, NH3-TPD, Py-IR spectrums, etc.) were performed over relevant catalysts for correlating their catalytic and physicochemical properties.