Showing papers on "Liquid paraffin published in 2019"
TL;DR: Taking advantage of the strong interaction between PI chains and MXene nanosheets, the interconnected, highly porous and hydrophobic PI/MXene aerogels with low density were fabricated, resulting in the improved compressive performance, remarkable oil absorption capacity and efficient separation of oil and water.
Abstract: Polyimide (PI) aerogels have attracted great attention owing to their low density and excellent thermal stability. However, hydrophobic surface modification is required for PI aerogels to improve their ability in oil/water separation due to their amphiphilic characteristic. Two-dimensional MXenes (transition metal carbides/nitrides) can be utilized as nanofillers to enhance the properties of polymers because of their unique layered structure and versatile interface chemistry. Herein, the robust, lightweight, and hydrophobic PI/MXene three-dimensional architectures were fabricated via freeze-drying of polyamide acid/MXene suspensions and thermal imidization. Polyamide acid was synthesized using N-N-dimethylacetamide and 4,4'-oxydianiline. MXene (Ti3C2Tx) dispersion was obtained via the etching of Ti3AlC2 and ultrasonic exfoliation. Taking advantage of the strong interaction between PI chains and MXene nanosheets, the interconnected, highly porous, and hydrophobic PI/MXene aerogels with low density were fabricated, resulting in the improved compressive performance, remarkable oil absorption capacity, and efficient separation of oil and water. For the PI/MXene-3 aerogel (weight ratio, 5.2:1) without any surface modification, the water contact angle was 119° with a density of 23 mg/cm3. This aerogel can completely recover to its original height after 50 compression-release cycles, exhibiting superelasticity and exceptional fatigue-resistant ability. It also showed high absorption capacities to various organic liquids ranging from approximately 18 to 58 times of their own weight. This hybrid aerogel can rapidly separate the chloroform, soybean oil, and liquid paraffin from the water-oil system. The thermally stable hybrid aerogel also exhibited excellent fire safety properties and outstanding reusability under an extreme environment.
171 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of volume concentration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and temperature on the viscosity and thermal conductivity of liquid paraffin based nanofluid was analyzed.
133 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was implemented to model the thermal conductivity and viscosity of liquid paraffin-Al2O3 nanofluid containing oleic acid surfactant against temperature, nanoparticle mass concentration and surfactants concentration.
111 citations
TL;DR: KM appears to be an effective topical wound healing agent in the treatment of both nondiabetic and diabetic wounds.
80 citations
TL;DR: Agar/maltodextrin (A/M) emulsion films incorporated with beeswax (BW), shortening (SH), and liquid paraffin (LP) at different concentrations (0, 10, 20%) were prepared using the solution casting method, and their physicochemical properties were investigated as mentioned in this paper.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of temperature and mass fraction of Al2O3 and WO3 nanoparticles dispersed in deionized water and liquid paraffin was investigated on dynamic viscosity of nanofluid.
Abstract: In this study, the effect of temperature and mass fraction of Al2O3 and WO3 nanoparticles dispersed in deionized water and liquid paraffin was investigated on dynamic viscosity of nanofluid. The results of the TEM tests showed that the size of Al2O3 and WO3 nanoparticles was ranged from 10 to 60 nm, and the results showed that nanoparticles were semi-spherical. Also the results of DLS and zeta potential tests, respectively, exhibited the uniform size and high stability of the nanoparticles in the basefluid environment. The findings showed that adding a certain amount of nanoparticles to water and liquid paraffin increases dynamic viscosity, and in the case of various shear rates, the viscosity is constant for the water-based nanofluids, which indicates the Newtonian behavior of the nanofluid. In addition, for those prepared by liquid paraffin as a basefluid, the viscosity does not remain constant at different shear rates and at low amount of shear rate the viscosity achieves higher value, indicating non-Newtonian behavior of liquid paraffin-based nanofluids. The results showed that by increasing the temperature in liquid paraffin-based nanofluid the uniformity and linearity of the viscosity curve at various shear rates could be observed, which represents an approach for Newtonian behavior of nanofluid at higher temperatures. These results also showed that with increasing the mass fraction of nanoparticles in water and liquid paraffin, the viscosity increases at different shear rates. Finally, the correlation presented in this study shows that for nanofluid viscosity as a function of nanoparticles load and temperature, the deviation of correlated data from experimental values is less than 10%.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of temperatures, the CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles' mass fraction, and basefluid types were studied on thermal conductivity of nanofluid.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new statistical optimization approach of artificial neural network modified by multi objective genetic algorithm to improve the pipe flow hydrodynamic and thermal properties such as pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient for a non-Newtonian nanofluid composed of Fe3O4 nanoparticles dispersed in liquid paraffin.
Abstract: This work aims to present a new statistical optimization approach of artificial neural network modified by multi objective genetic algorithm to improve the pipe flow hydrodynamic and thermal properties such as pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient for a non-Newtonian nanofluid composed of Fe3O4 nanoparticles dispersed in liquid paraffin. Hence the mixture pressure lose & convection coefficient are evaluated and then optimized so that to maximize the convection heat transfer and minimize the pressure drop. The results showed that the proposed model of multi objective optimization of GA Pareto optimal front, quantified the trade-offs to handle 2 fitness functions of the considered non-Newtonian pipe flow.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new composite phase change material (CPCM) is developed for thermal energy storage applications by spontaneous melt infiltration of paraffin wax into a porous ceramic carrier made from industrial waste-iron tailing with a foam-gel casting method.
40 citations
TL;DR: Air dried buccal smears can be used in routine practice especially in rural areas where there is limited access to laboratories and for mass screening and liquid paraffin as a rehydrant has shown promising results.
Abstract: Aim: To assess the efficacy of liquid paraffin as a rehydrant for air dried buccal smear based on the nuclear and cytoplasmic details. Background: Buccal smear is useful for diagnosing Malignancy, Fungal infection, Viral infection and Vesicullobullous dermatoses. The routine practice is to wetfixthe smear and send them to the laboratory for staining and evaluation by a cytopathologist. But drying of smears is inevitable, especially when the aspirate is less and when there is improper fixation. This can cause drying artifacts. An alternative method for overcoming this problem is intentional air drying followed by rehydration. Many rehydrants have been experimented upon. The most common rehydrant being saline. The present study is done to check the efficacy of liquid paraffin as a rehydrant. Material and methods: 2 sets of 20 buccal smears were collected from the patients. One set air dried for 24 hours and the other wet fixed. Conventional pap staining was then carried out. The slides were examined by two observers for preservation of Nuclear and cytoplasmic details based on the semi quantitative scoring system. Results: Excellent nuclear details were seen in 45% of air dried smear compared to 25%in routine wet fixation. The cytoplasmic details of air dried smear and routine wet fixed smear was the same. Conclusion: Liquid paraffin as a rehydrant has shown promising results and the nuclear details were found to marginally better than in routine wet fixed smear. Air dried buccal smears can be used in routine practice especially in rural areas where there is limited access to laboratories and for mass screening.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new multi-objective optimization model composed of the artificial neural network (ANN) and the genetic algorithm (GA) methods based on the empirical thermo-physical characteristics of CuO/liquid paraffin nanofluid flow in a pipe is presented for the first time.
Abstract: A new multi-objective optimization model composed of the artificial neural network (ANN) and the genetic algorithm (GA) methods based on the empirical thermo-physical characteristics of CuO/liquid paraffin nanofluid flow in a pipe is presented for the first time. It means a new optimization /statistical approach is achieved based on ANN together with GA; so that at first ANN is employed to predict the nanofluid thermo-physical properties and then the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop ratios of the nanofluid to the basefluid, are optimized as well as to minimize the pressure drop ratio and maximize the heat transfer coefficient ratio by using the multi-objective optimization approach of GA. The results of the multi-objective optimization via the GA show that the Pareto optimal front quantifies the trade-offs in satisfying the two fitness function of heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop ratios.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of different cutting fluids on the performance of H13 hot die steel was investigated and compared in different grinding environments: dry, flood, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), deionized water (DIW), MQL with liquid paraffin oil (LP), and castor oil based on vegetable oil (VO).
Abstract: In grinding process, cutting fluids play an important role to control high grinding zone temperature. However, their use causes detrimental effect on the operator’s health and environment. On the other hand, dry grinding not only results in thermal damage to ground surface but also deteriorates the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the ground component. The possible solution is to apply cutting fluids using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique. The objective of present research work is to investigate and compare the effect of different grinding environments: dry, flood, MQL with deionized water (DIW), MQL with liquid paraffin oil (LP), and MQL with castor oil based on vegetable oil (VO) during grinding of hardened H13 hot die steel. Grinding performance was evaluated in terms of specific grinding force, specific grinding energy, grinding force ratio, surface roughness, and microhardness. Ground surface and debris morphology were also analyzed using scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to validate the grinding performance. The results showed that MQL-VO grinding leads to minimum specific grinding force, specific grinding energy, and grinding force ratio. Further, surface roughness was considerably reduced under MQL-VO grinding, where Rɑ and Rz were 0.245 μm and 1.846 μm, respectively. AFM analysis indicated that the surface roughness of MQL-VO grinding was nearly 29.88% less as compared to dry grinding. Smooth ground surface topography, as well as long, thin, and no wear track grinding debris, were observed under MQL-LP and MQL-VO conditions. Moreover, dry grinding resulted in lower microhardness in comparison to other grinding conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present time-resolved photoelastic observations of nanosecond pulsed laser ablation in liquid (ns-PLAL) using an epoxy resin target covered with a sub-mm liquid paraffin layer.
TL;DR: In this article, a simple and mild low-cost method for fabricating fluoride-free super-hydrophobic cotton fabrics is presented, which involves the decoration of the cotton fabrics by ZnO nano-rods to construct rough surface and grafting of low surface energy stearic acid (SA) onto the as-decorated cotton fabrics via an immersion route.
Abstract: A simple and mild low-cost method for fabricating fluoride-free super-hydrophobic cotton fabrics is presented. The two-step method involves the decoration of the cotton fabrics by ZnO nano-rods to construct rough surface and the grafting of low surface energy stearic acid (SA) onto the as-decorated cotton fabrics via an immersion route. The as-prepared ZnO/SA modified cotton fabrics were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The wetting behavior of coffee, milk, tea, water dyed by methylene blue, strong acid (HCl), strong alkali (NaOH), and saturated salt solution (NaCl) on the ZnO/SA modified cotton fabrics was evaluated with a contact angle tester, and the durability of the ZnO/SA modified cotton fabrics in corrosive liquids and under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was tested. In addition, the oil/water separation efficiency of the ZnO/SA modified cotton fabrics towards the oil/water mixed solutions of n-hexane, liquid paraffin, dichloromethane, chloroform and motor oil with different density and viscosity was investigated; and their degradation rate under harsh conditions (e.g., immersion in acid and alkali or exposure to UV irradiation) was calculated. Results demonstrate that ZnO and SA are chemically bonded onto the surface of cotton fabrics to achieve super-hydrophobicity. The as-prepared ZnO/SA modified cotton fabrics exhibit a water contact angle of over 164°; and they retain the super-hydrophobicity after immersion in acid and alkali solutions or under UV irradiation. Besides, they have an oil/water separation efficiency of over 96.5% for all the tested liquids as well as a biodegradability rate of 59.0% after immersion in phosphate buffer saline solution containing cellulase (pH = 4.8) for 15 days. Therefore, the present approach could be applicable to constructing durable super-hydrophobic cotton fabrics with promising potential for oil/water separation in industry.
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of low-temperature deposition of the hard coatings on the alloys having a low melting point and a high affinity for oxygen, like aluminum or magnesium alloys, was considered.
Abstract: The present paper considers the problem of the low-temperature deposition of the hard coatings on the alloys having a low melting point and a high affinity for oxygen, like aluminum or magnesium alloys. It is demonstrated that a hard ZrN coating can be produced on the 2024 aluminum alloy by the low-temperature vacuum-arc deposition method. To achieve high adhesion strength between the coating and substrate, the substrate was sputtered by low-energy inert Ar+ ions before the deposition process in order to remove the natural oxide layer. The optimal technological regimes selected and used allowed obtaining the stoichiometric ZrN coating of extremely low roughness (0.061 μm), uniform thickness (~1 μm) with nano-scale columnar microstructure with the cross-sectional size of the columnar grains of ~20–50 nm. The layered microstructure of the obtained coating respectively consisted of the columnar and V-shaped grains in the lower and upper layers comes to be in the ‘transition zone’ on the ‘structure-zone diagram’. The lower layers consist of a number of AlxZry phases along with the Zr3N4 orthorhombic phase, while the outmost layer of the film contains the single ZrN fcc phase. In comparison with the substrate alloy, the produced ZrN coating is shown to possess the superior anti-corrosion properties in saline solution, a high hardness (~20 GPa) and elastic modulus (196 GPa), high adhesion strength both at the progressively increased load and at cyclic dry sliding of the conical diamond indenter with the 50 μm tip, low friction coefficients and high wear resistance at the reciprocating sliding both in the dry and wet (liquid paraffin) conditions against the conical diamond indenter with the 50 μm tip and 8 mm Si3N4 ball, respectively.
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of thermal conductivity and density of phase change materials (PCM) on the characteristics of PCM-based thermal energy storage systems (TES) was investigated.
TL;DR: POL-PLGA-NPs is a penitential candidate for nano-chemopreventive, anti-lipid peroxidative, and antioxidant potential, and also has a modulating effect on the phase I and Phase II detoxification system, which is associated with reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in experimental oral carcinogenesis.
Abstract: In the present study, the authors have attempted to fabricate Polydatin encapsulated Poly [lactic-co-glycolic acid] (POL-PLGA-NPs) to counteract 7,12-dimethyl benzyl anthracene (DMBA) promoted buccal pouch carcinogenesis in experimental animals. The bio-formulated POL-PLGA-NPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis, and transmission electron microscope (TEM). In addition, the nano-chemopreventive potential of POL-PLGA-NPs was assessed by scrutinizing the neoplastic incidence and analyzing the status of lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, phase I, phase II detoxification status, and histopathological changes and in DMBA-treated animals. In golden Syrian hamsters, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was generated by painting with 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin three times a week for 14 weeks. After 100% tumor formation was observed, high tumor volume, tumor burden, and altered levels of biochemical status were observed in the DMBA-painted hamsters. Intra-gastric administration of varying concentration of POL-PLGA-NPs (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg b.wt) to DMBA-treated hamsters assumedly prevents oncological incidences and restores the status of the biochemical markers. It also significantly enhances the apoptotic associated and inhibits the cancer cell proliferative markers expression (p53, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase 3, cyclin-D1). The present study reveals that POL-PLGA-NPs is a penitential candidate for nano-chemopreventive, anti-lipid peroxidative, and antioxidant potential, and also has a modulating effect on the phase I and Phase II detoxification system, which is associated with reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in experimental oral carcinogenesis.
TL;DR: In this article, a novel approach was presented to prepare fibrous PEBA Nanocomposite (PNC) membranes while giving special attention to achieving uniform nanomaterial dispersion and applicability of the technology on an industrial scale.
TL;DR: In this article, a hierarchical structure of hollow SiO2@TiO2 sphere is designed and synthesized which is used to improve the tribological performance of LP and the photo-degradation properties of waste LP.
Abstract: With the rapid development of industry, the tribological properties of liquid paraffin (LP), a common lubricating oil, has not been able to satisfy the requirement of the engineer. And the post-processing of the LP after the friction also attracts the attention of people. Herein, based on the production requirements, a novel hierarchical structure of hollow SiO2@TiO2 sphere is designed and synthesized which is used to improve the tribological performance of LP and the photo-degradation properties of waste LP. It can be observed that the addition of SiO2@TiO2 can indeed reduce the friction coefficient, enhance the wear resistance of LP and effectively degrade the waste LP into harmless inorganics. Especially, with the incorporation of 1.5 wt% SiO2@TiO2, the friction coefficient and wear area of the LP system are reduced by 41.39% and 59.68%, respectively. Besides 51.10% of waste LP was degraded into CO2 and H2O within 80 min with the inclusion of 1.5 wt% SiO2@TiO2. The possible mechanisms of hollow SiO2@TiO2 sphere in heightening the frictional and photo-degradation performance were proposed. So, the designed SiO2@TiO2 plays different roles at different stages in the application of LP which is according with the pursuit of high performance and environmentally-friendly lubricating composites.
TL;DR: Application of short-term massage with olive oil as a complementary method seems to be effective in reducing the severity of uremic RLS.
TL;DR: Investigation of the roles and tribological mechanisms of onion-like carbon nanoparticles derived from biodiesel soot when applied in water (H2O) and liquid paraffin (LP) indicated that the additives NA-BDS and NA-bDS-OLA enhanced the antiwear and friction reduction properties of H2O and LP.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the roles and tribological mechanisms of onion-like carbon nanoparticles derived from biodiesel soot (BDS) when applied in water (H2O) and liquid paraffin (LP). In this study, we prepared nitric acid-treated BDS (NA-BDS) as an additive to H2O and NA-BDS modified with oleylamine (NA-BDS-OLA) as an additive to LP. Raman spectroscopy, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potentiometry were used to characterize the results of the nitric acid treatment and oleylamine modification. The tribological behaviors and corresponding mechanisms of the new onion-like carbon nanoparticles were evaluated using a ball-on-disc reciprocating tribometer, as well as field-emission scanning electron microscopy, three-dimensional laser scanning microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that the additives NA-BDS and NA-BDS-OLA, which were onion-like carbon nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 35 to 40 nm, enhanced the antiwear and friction reduction properties of H2O and LP, respectively. Through tribo-mechanisms, these types of soot can serve as spacers and ball bearings between the rubbing surfaces. Moreover, exfoliation under a high load as a result of the formation of a graphitic layer facilitates easy shearing.
TL;DR: In this article, a fluorescent particulate stabilizer was developed for fluorescently labeling the oil-water interface of Pickering-emulsions, which improved the particle wettability of Laponite to liquid paraffin, suggesting that they conferred increased particle hydrophobicity, which may contribute higher stability to Pickering emulsions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare two different droplet systems, present their differences and show their similar oscillatory behaviour, and conclude that the mechanism of these spatio-temporal interactions of droplets is based on the same phenomena.
TL;DR: The optimization of a formulation of Lactococcus lactis DPC3147 that produces the two-component bacteriocin lacticin 3147 in a liquid paraffin-based emulsion is described for the first time and it is found that the L. lactis cells within this novel emulsion-based formulation remained viable for up to 5 weeks, when stored at 4, 22, or 37°C.
Abstract: Bovine mastitis is an ongoing significant concern in the dairy and agricultural industry resulting in substantial losses in milk production and revenue. Among the predominant etiological agents of bovine mastitis are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Escherichia coli. Currently, the treatment of choice for bovine mastitis involves the use of commercial therapeutic antibiotic formulations such as TerrexineTM, containing both kanamycin and cephalexin. Such antibiotics are regularly administered in more than one dose resulting in the withholding of milk for processing for a number of days. Here, we describe the optimization of a formulation of Lactococcus lactis DPC3147, that produces the two-component bacteriocin lacticin 3147, in a liquid paraffin-based emulsion (formulation hereafter designated 'live bio-therapeutic') for the first time and compare it to the commercial antibiotic formulation TerrexineTM, with a view to treating cows with clinical/sub-clinical mastitis. Critically, in a field trial described here, this 'ready-to-use' emulsion containing live L. lactis DPC3147 cells exhibited comparable efficacy to TerrexineTM when used to treat mastitic cows. Furthermore, we found that the L. lactis cells within this novel emulsion-based formulation remained viable for up to 5 weeks, when stored at 4, 22, or 37°C. The relative ease and cost-effective nature of producing this 'live bio-therapeutic' formulation, in addition to its enhanced shelf life compared to previous aqueous-based formulations, indicate that this product could be a viable alternative therapeutic option for bovine mastitis. Moreover, the single-dose administration of this 'live bio-therapeutic' formulation is a further advantage, as it can expedite the return of the milk to the milk pool, in comparison to some commercial antibiotics. Overall, in this field trial, we show that the live bio-therapeutic formulation displayed a 47% cure rate compared to a 50% cure rate for a commercial antibiotic control, with respect to curing cows with clinical/sub-clinical mastitis. The study suggests that a larger field trial to further demonstrate efficacy is warranted.
TL;DR: In this article, a series of MWCNTs with different diameter and length are modified by oxygen functional group and long-chain alkyl, and applied as additives of water and liquid paraffin (LP) respectively to investigate how the length and diameter of the mwcNTs influence their tribological properties.
TL;DR: In this article, a wavy surface of the surface of graphene nanoparticles on a hydrocarbon substrate has been obtained and it has been shown that the surface is the manifestation of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the interface between liquid paraffin and graphene suspension with the inhomogeneity length λ = 250 nm.
Abstract: A wavy structure of the surface of graphene nanoparticles on a hydrocarbon substrate has been obtained. It has been shown that the wavy surface is the manifestation of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the interface between liquid paraffin and graphene suspension with the inhomogeneity length λ = 250 nm. The manifestation of such wavy structures is due primarily to van der Waals forces.
TL;DR: In this article, a novel oil droplet volume measurement method (ODVM) is proposed to measure the multiple contact minimum miscibility pressure (MCMMP) and first contact MCI pressure (FCMP) in the CO2/n-hexadecane (C16H34) and CO 2/liquid paraffin systems and the experimental results showed that the measured MCMMP values of two oil−CO2 systems increase linearly with the temperature.
TL;DR: The suitability of the developed W/O emulsions for pharmaceutic and cosmetic applications was confirmed, with a positive effect on skin properties despite their relatively high water content and low lipid content.
18 Jul 2019
TL;DR: It may be suggested that l-lysine-based gels have potentials in the delivery of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug molecules and the release of the drug can be fine-tuned by the correct choice of gelator–solvent combination.
Abstract: This work reports on the synthesis of three new l-lysine-based organogelators bis(N2-alkanoyl-N6-l-lysyl ethylester)oxalylamides, where alkanoyls are lauroyl, myristoyl, and palmitoyl. The gels of these gelators were prepared with high yields in eco-friendly solvents commonly used in cosmetics such as ethyl and isopropyl esters of lauric and myristic acids, liquid paraffin, 1-decanol, and 1,2-propanediol. Fourier transform infrared measurements revealed the involvement of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the gelation. Scanning electron microscopy images of xerogels indicated different morphologic patterns with regard to the alkanoyl chain length and the solvent employed in their preparation. The gel formation was supported by rheological measurements. Three gels prepared in liquid paraffin were loaded with naproxen (Npx) with a quite high loading capacity (up to 166.6% as percentage of gelator) without gel disruption. The release of Npx from the gel matrix into the buffered solution at physiologic pH was evaluated using UV-vis spectroscopy. The results revealed that the release rate of Npx from the organogels significantly retarded with increasing organogelator concentration, whereas it enhanced with increasing Npx concentration. The rate was also found to be pH-dependent; the lower the pH, the lower the rate. Furthermore, molecular dynamic calculations performed on the octamer of myristoyl-bearing gelator (N 2 M/N 6 Lys) in 1,2-propanediol provided useful information regarding the structural properties of the gels, which may be of interest to interpret the structure of the gel matrix. Altogether, this work provided valuable outcomes, which may be relevant to the pharmaceutical industry. It may be suggested that l-lysine-based gels have potentials in the delivery of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug molecules. Besides, the release of the drug can be fine-tuned by the correct choice of gelator-solvent combination.
TL;DR: In this article, a series of ionic liquid-type imidazolium Gemini surfactants were synthesized and investigated for their dilational rheology at the air/water interface using the oscillating drop method.