Showing papers on "Palladium published in 2021"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that when ultrathin Pt shells are deposited on palladium-based nanocubes, expansion and shrinkage through phosphorization and dephosphorization induces strain in the Pt(100) lattice that can be adjusted from −5.1 % to 5.9 %.
Abstract: Platinum (Pt) has found wide use as an electrocatalyst for sustainable energy conversion systems1–3. The activity of Pt is controlled by its electronic structure (typically, the d-band centre), which depends sensitively on lattice strain4,5. This dependence can be exploited for catalyst design4,6–8, and the use of core–shell structures and elastic substrates has resulted in strain-engineered Pt catalysts with drastically improved electrocatalytic performances7,9–13. However, it is challenging to map in detail the strain–activity correlations in Pt-catalysed conversions, which can involve a number of distinct processes, and to identify the optimal strain modification for specific reactions. Here we show that when ultrathin Pt shells are deposited on palladium-based nanocubes, expansion and shrinkage of the nanocubes through phosphorization and dephosphorization induces strain in the Pt(100) lattice that can be adjusted from −5.1 per cent to 5.9 per cent. We use this strain control to tune the electrocatalytic activity of the Pt shells over a wide range, finding that the strain–activity correlation for the methanol oxidation reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction follows an M-shaped curve and a volcano-shaped curve, respectively. We anticipate that our approach can be used to screen out lattice strain that will optimize the performance of Pt catalysts—and potentially other metal catalysts—for a wide range of reactions. By depositing platinum shells on palladium-based nanocubes, the strain can be controlled by through phosphorization and dephosphorization, making it possible to tune the electrocatalytic activity of the platinum shells.
136 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a single-atom Pd-Cu catalyst with diatomic Pd sites on N-doped carbon was designed for NH3 reduction, which not only shifts the partial density of states of Pd toward the Fermi level but also promotes the d-2π* coupling between Pd and adsorbed N2, leading to enhanced chemisorption and activated protonation of N2.
Abstract: The electrochemical reduction of N2 to NH3 is emerging as a promising alternative for sustainable and distributed production of NH3 . However, the development has been impeded by difficulties in N2 adsorption, protonation of *NN, and inhibition of competing hydrogen evolution. To address the issues, we design a catalyst with diatomic Pd-Cu sites on N-doped carbon by modulation of single-atom Pd sites with Cu. The introduction of Cu not only shifts the partial density of states of Pd toward the Fermi level but also promotes the d-2π* coupling between Pd and adsorbed N2 , leading to enhanced chemisorption and activated protonation of N2 , and suppressed hydrogen evolution. As a result, the catalyst achieves a high Faradaic efficiency of 24.8±0.8 % and a desirable NH3 yield rate of 69.2±2.5 μg h-1 mgcat. -1 , far outperforming the individual single-atom Pd catalyst. This work paves a pathway of engineering single-atom-based electrocatalysts for enhanced ammonia electrosynthesis.
136 citations
TL;DR: Tensile strain ed palladium porous nanosheets (Pd-s PNSs) were prepared and exhibited enhanced activity for electrochemical NOR at ambient conditions, greatly outperforming Pd nanosheeets, leading to high activity.
Abstract: Nitrate is one of the essential raw ingredients in agriculture and industry. The electrochemical nitrogen oxidation reaction (NOR) is promising to replace the conventional nitrate synthesis industry with high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. Here, tensile strain ed palladium porous nanosheets (Pd-s PNSs) were prepared and exhibited enhanced activity for electrochemical NOR at ambient conditions, greatly outperforming Pd nanosheets. 15 N isotope labeling experiments proved that nitrate originated from nitrogen oxidation. Combining electrochemical in situ Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with density functional theory (DFT) calculation, it was revealed that the tensile strain could facilitate the formation of NOR active species of PdO 2 , leading to high activity.
85 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that alloying palladium with silver is a viable strategy to significantly enhance the electrocatalytic stability and impressive long-term stability is measured even at < -0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode.
Abstract: Palladium can enable the electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate with nearly zero overpotential and good selectivity. However, it usually has very limited stability owing to CO poisoning from the side reaction intermediate. Herein, it is demonstrated that alloying palladium with silver is a viable strategy to significantly enhance the electrocatalytic stability. Palladium-silver alloy nanowires are prepared in aqueous solution with tunable chemical compositions, large aspect ratio, and roughened surfaces. Thanks to the unique synergy between palladium and silver, these nanowires exhibit outstanding electrocatalytic performances for selective formate production. Most remarkably, impressive long-term stability is measured even at < -0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode where people previously believed that formate cannot be stably formed on palladium. Such stability results from the enhanced CO tolerance and selective stabilization of key reaction intermediates on alloy nanowires as supported by detailed electrochemical characterizations and theoretical computations.
69 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate that high-temperature steam pretreatment of palladium catalysts provably provably reduces the reactivity of the catalysts, and demonstrate that this is the case for all catalysts.
Abstract: Defects may display high reactivity because the specific arrangement of atoms differs from crystalline surfaces. We demonstrate that high-temperature steam pretreatment of palladium catalysts provi...
65 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a double Pd/Co single-atom catalysts for benzene oxidation was proposed and a benzene conversion of 90 % was achieved over the Pd1Co1/Al2O3 catalyst at 250 °C and a space velocity of 40,000 mL/(g h).
Abstract: Catalytic oxidation is one of the effective pathways for completely eliminating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industrial and transportation activities. Meanwhile, single-atom catalysts have excellent application prospects in numerous reactions due to their high metal atomic utilization efficiency. In this work, we adopted a novel strategy to prepare an active Pd/Co single-atom catalyst (i.e., Pd1Co1/Al2O3) for benzene oxidation. The successful formation of the atomically dispersed palladium and cobalt species on Al2O3 was verified by the aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure. By the in situ temperature-programmed techniques and in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we observed a double effect of the palladium and cobalt oxide active sites, resulting in an enhanced performance for benzene oxidation. A benzene conversion of 90 % was achieved over the Pd1Co1/Al2O3 catalyst at 250 °C and a space velocity of 40,000 mL/(g h). Interestingly, the catalyst also possessed enhanced sulfur resistance performance. The good regeneration ability of the active sites in the catalyst was due to the single-atom dispersion of Pd and Co. In addition, we deduce that benzene oxidation might occur over Pd1Co1/Al2O3 via a pathway of benzene → cyclohexadiene → phenol → quinone → maleate → acetate → CO2 and H2O. We believe that the obtained results can provide a useful idea for rationally designing the double active site single-atom catalysts and understanding the mechanism of VOCs oxidation.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a metal organic framework (MOF) was prepared by pre-modification strategy and used as adsorbents to recover palladium ions in wastewater, and the optimal pH of the adsorption process is 4.0.
64 citations
60 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a low-temperature synthetic strategy was proposed to create atomically dispersed palladium atoms anchored on defective hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheet.
Abstract: Metal-support interactions are of great importance in determining the support-activity in heterogeneous catalysis. Here we report a low-temperature synthetic strategy to create atomically dispersed palladium atoms anchored on defective hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheet. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the nitrogen-containing B vacancy can provide stable anchoring sites for palladium atoms. The presence of single palladium atoms was confirmed by spherical aberration correction electron microscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurement. This catalyst showed exceptional efficiency in chemoselective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde, along with excellent recyclability, sintering-resistant ability, and scalability. We anticipate this synthetic approach for the synthesis of high-quality SACs based on h-BN support is amenable to large-scale production of bench-stable catalysts with maximum atom efficiency for industrial applications.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an excited-state palladium catalysis strategy for selective defluoroarylation of trifluoromethylarenes with arylboronic acids was reported.
Abstract: Selective functionalization of inactive C(sp3)-F bonds to prepare medicinally interesting aryldifluoromethylated compounds remains challenging. One promising route is the transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling through oxidative addition of the C(sp3)-F bond in trifluoromethylarenes (ArCF3), which are ideal precursors for this process due to their ready availability and low cost. Here, we report an unprecedented excited-state palladium catalysis strategy for selective defluoroarylation of trifluoromethylarenes with arylboronic acids. This visible-light-induced palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling proceeds under mild reaction conditions and allows transformation of a variety of arylboronic acids and ArCF3. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the oxidative addition of the C(sp3)-F bond in ArCF3 to excited-state palladium(0) via a single electron transfer pathway is responsible for the C(sp3)-F bond activation.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that palladium single atoms are spontaneously formed after dissolving tiny amounts of palladium salts in neat benzyl alcohols, to catalyze their direct aerobic oxidation to benzoic acids without ligands, additives, or solvents.
Abstract: Metal single-atom catalysts (SACs) promise great rewards in terms of metal atom efficiency However, the requirement of particular conditions and supports for their synthesis, together with the need of solvents and additives for catalytic implementation, often precludes their use under industrially viable conditions Here, we show that palladium single atoms are spontaneously formed after dissolving tiny amounts of palladium salts in neat benzyl alcohols, to catalyze their direct aerobic oxidation to benzoic acids without ligands, additives, or solvents With this result in hand, the gram-scale preparation and stabilization of Pd SACs within the functional channels of a novel methyl-cysteine-based metal-organic framework (MOF) was accomplished, to give a robust and crystalline solid catalyst fully characterized with the help of single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) These results illustrate the advantages of metal speciation in ligand-free homogeneous organic reactions and the translation into solid catalysts for potential industrial implementation
TL;DR: In this article, palladium hydride nanorods (PdH0.43 NRs) are synthetized for electrochemical ammonia synthesis via the hydrogenation of Pd NRs with N,N-dimethylformamide.
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis of naphthoquinone-based nickel (Ni/SiO2 ) and palladium catalysts through hydrogen bonding interactions of the ligands with the silica surface was explored.
Abstract: The practical synthesis of polar-functionalized polyolefins using transition-metal-catalyzed copolymerization of olefins with polar monomers is a challenge; the use of heterogeneous catalysts is little explored. Herein, we report the synthesis of heterogeneous naphthoquinone-based nickel (Ni/SiO2 ) and palladium (Pd/SiO2 ) catalysts through hydrogen bonding interactions of the ligands with the silica surface. Ni/SiO2 exhibits high activities (up to 2.65×106 g mol-1 h-1 ) during the copolymerization of ethylene with 5-hexene-1-yl-acetate, affording high-molecular-weight (Mn up to 630 000) polar-functionalized semicrystalline polyethylene (comonomer incorporation up to 2.8 mol %), along with great morphology control. The resulting copolymers possess improved surface properties and great mechanical properties. Pd/SiO2 can mediate ethylene copolymerization with polar monomers with moderate activity to produce high-molecular-weight copolymers with tunable comonomer incorporation.
TL;DR: In this article, a one-step synthetic approach is described to fabricate WO2.72 decorated with atomically dispersed palladium atoms that bond covalently to the nearby oxygen atoms.
Abstract: The pathway for efficient catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of biomass represents a powerful, yet challenging route for production of value-added liquid fuels. Herein, we describe a one-step synthetic approach to fabricate WO2.72 decorated with atomically dispersed palladium atoms that bond covalently to the nearby oxygen atoms. The presence of isolated palladium atoms is confirmed by spherical aberration correction electron microscopy, extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurement, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. This catalyst manifests outstanding catalytic performance in hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin to yield 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (MMP) efficiently and selectively, along with exceptional stability and scalability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that this high activity results from the unique electronic structure of isolated palladium atoms confined in defective WO2.72. These findings may pave the way for the facile creation of single atom catalysts in a coordination-engineered strategy for the advance of single atom catalysis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the first azolate Pd-MOF, BUT-33(Pd), obtained via a deuterated solvent-assisted metal metathesis, retains the underlying sodalite network and mesoporosity of the template BUT-31(Ni) and shows excellent chemical stability (resistance to an 8 M NaOH aqueous solution).
Abstract: Constructing stable palladium(II)-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) would unlock more opportunities for MOF chemistry, particularly toward applications in catalysis. However, their availability is limited by synthetic challenges due to the inertness of the Pd-ligand coordination bond, as well as the strong tendency of the Pd(II) source to be reduced under typical solvothermal conditions. Under the guidance of reticular chemistry, herein, we present the first example of an azolate Pd-MOF, BUT-33(Pd), obtained via a deuterated solvent-assisted metal metathesis. BUT-33(Pd) retains the underlying sodalite network and mesoporosity of the template BUT-33(Ni) and shows excellent chemical stability (resistance to an 8 M NaOH aqueous solution). With rich Pd(II) sites in the atomically precise distribution, it also demonstrates good performances as a heterogeneous Pd(II) catalyst in a wide application scope, including Suzuki/Heck coupling reactions and photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CH4. This work highlights a feasible approach to reticularly construct noble metal based MOFs via metal metathesis, in which various merits, including high chemical stability, large pores, and tunable functions, have been integrated for addressing challenging tasks.
10 Jul 2021
TL;DR: In this article, metal-metal cooperativity effects have been extensively explored in olefin polymerization, along with the design and preparation of many binuclear transition metal catalysts.
Abstract: Metal–metal cooperativity effects have been extensively explored in olefin polymerization, along with the design and preparation of many binuclear transition metal catalysts. However, their synthes...
TL;DR: Excited-state catalysis, a process that involves one or more excited catalytic species, has emerged as a powerful tool in organic synthesis because it allows access to the excited-state reaction.
Abstract: Excited-state catalysis, a process that involves one or more excited catalytic species, has emerged as a powerful tool in organic synthesis because it allows access to the excited-state reaction la...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used porous organic ligand polymers as the carrier, which effectively changes the charge regulation of nanoparticles and monoatomic metal catalysts and successfully realized the hydrosilylation of internal alkynes with high catalytic performance.
Abstract: Single-atom site (SAS) catalysts have attracted considerable attention due to their excellent performance. However, most of the current research models of SAS catalysts are based on inorganic catalysts, where “metal and coordination atom interaction” cannot simulate the fine-tuning effect of organic ligands on metal catalytic centers in homogeneous catalysts. Therefore, certain chemical transformations in homogeneous catalysis cannot be perfectly replicated. Here, we used porous organic ligand polymers as the carrier, which effectively changes the charge regulation of nanoparticles and monoatomic metal catalysts. Drawing lessons from traditional homogeneous metal/ligand catalysis, we introduced various functional groups into the ligand polymers to adjust the electronic properties, and successfully realized the hydrosilylation of internal alkynes with high catalytic performance. The selectivity and catalytic efficiency under the Pd@POL-1 catalyst system were improved compared with previous studies. The internal alkynes with various structures can complete this reaction, and the ratio of E/Z can reach up to 100:1.
TL;DR: In this article, a novel type of supported metal bifunctional catalyst was designed by the pretreatment of supported palladium catalysts with bromobenzene, which generated Bronsted acid sites directly on the surface of metal nanoparticles.
Abstract: Supported metal catalysts have found broad applications in heterogeneous catalysis. In the conventional bifunctional catalyst, the active metal sites are associated with the metal nanoparticles, while the acid sites are usually localized over the oxide support. Herein, we report a novel type of supported metal bifunctional catalyst, which combined the advantages of the promotion and bifunctionality. The catalyst was designed by the pretreatment of supported palladium catalysts with bromobenzene. The promotion with bromine creates Bronsted acid sites, which are localized directly on the surface of metal nanoparticles. An intimacy between metal and acid functions in this bifunctional catalyst generates unique catalytic properties in hydrodeoxygenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to dimethylfuran, occurring with the yield up to 96% at ambient temperature under 5 bar of H-2. The catalyst exhibits stable catalytic performance.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that 2D black phosphorus (BP) acts as a giant phosphorus ligand to confine a high density of single atoms via atomic layer deposition.
Abstract: Single-atom catalysts (SACs) represent a new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis due to their remarkable catalytic properties and maximized atomic utilization. However, single atoms often bond to the support with polarized electron density and thus exhibit a high valence state, limiting their catalytic scopes in many chemical transformations. Here, it is demonstrated that 2D black phosphorus (BP) acts as giant phosphorus (P) ligand to confine a high density of single atoms (e.g., Pd1 , Pt1 ) via atomic layer deposition. Unlike other 2D materials, BP with relatively low electronegativity and buckled structure favors the strong confinement of robust zero-valent palladium SACs in the vacancy site. Metallic Pd1 /BP SAC shows a highly selective semi-hydrogenation of phenylacetylene toward styrene, distinct from metallic Pd nanoparticles that facilitate the formation of fully hydrogenated products. Density functional theory calculations reveal that Pd atom forms covalent-like bonding with adjacent P atoms, wherein H atoms tend to adsorb, aiding the dissociative adsorption of H2 . Zero-valent Pd in the confined space favors a larger energy gain for the synthesis of partially hydrogenated product over the fully hydrogenated one. This work provides a new route toward the synthesis of zero-valent SACs on BP for organic transformations.
TL;DR: In this paper, an azobenzene functionality was installed in olefin polymerization catalysts and light was used to modulate their properties via photoinduced trans-cis isomerization of the moiety.
Abstract: In this contribution, we install an azobenzene functionality in olefin polymerization catalysts and use light to modulate their properties via photoinduced trans-cis isomerization of the azobenzene moiety. The initially targeted azobenzene-functionalized α-diimine palladium and nickel catalysts are not photoresponsive. To address this issue, an imine-amine system bearing interrupted conjugation with the metal center, and a sandwich-type α-diimine system bearing an azobenzene unit at a position covalently far from the metal center were prepared and studied. We demonstrate that light can be used to tune their properties in ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with polar comonomers, enabling light-induced control of the polymerization processes, polymer microstructures and polymer properties. More interestingly, the light-mediated property changes were attributed to ligand electronic effects in one system and ligand steric effects in the other.
TL;DR: The development of metal nanoparticle chemistry in ionic liquids (ILs) media has had a paramount impact on various fields, including catalysis, energy research, nanotechnology and materials science, among many other directions as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: A flow chemistry approach was for the first time applied in palladium–photocatalysed endeavors involving radicals, resulting in a highly modular radical cascade strategy based upon radical cyclisation/allylic substitution sequence between alkyl/aryl bromides and nucleophiles.
Abstract: A highly modular radical cascade strategy based upon radical cyclisation/allylic substitution sequence between alkyl/aryl bromides, 1,3-dienes and nucleophiles ranging from sulfinates to amines, phenols and 1,3-dicarbonyls is described (>80 examples). Palladium phosphine complexes – which merge properties of photo- and cross coupling-catalysts – allow to forge three bonds with complete 1,4-selectivity and stereocontrol, delivering highly value added carbocyclic and heterocyclic motifs that can feature – inter alia – vicinal quaternary centers, free protic groups, gem-difluoro motifs and strained rings. Furthermore, a flow chemistry approach was for the first time applied in palladium–photocatalysed endeavors involving radicals.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrated the combinatorial strategies to fabricate the heterostructure electrocatalyst of Mo2C-coupled Pd atomic layers (AL-Pd/Mo2C) by precise control of metal-organic framework confinement and covalent interaction.
Abstract: Interfacial electron engineering between noble metal and transition metal carbide is identified as a powerful strategy to improve the intrinsic activity of electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, this short-range effect and the huge structural differences make it a significant challenge to obtain the desired electrocatalyst with atomically thin noble metal layers. Here, we demonstrated the combinatorial strategies to fabricate the heterostructure electrocatalyst of Mo2C-coupled Pd atomic layers (AL-Pd/Mo2C) by precise control of metal-organic framework confinement and covalent interaction. Both atomic characterizations and density functional theory calculations uncovered that the strong electron effect imposed on Pd atomic layers has intensively regulated the electronic structures and d-band center and then optimized the reaction kinetics. Remarkably, AL-Pd/Mo2C showed the highest ORR electrochemical activity and stability, which delivered a mass activity of 2.055 A mgPd-1 at 0.9 V, which is 22.1, 36.1, and 80.3 times higher than Pt/C, Pd/C, and Pd nanoparticles, respectively. The present work has developed a novel approach for atomically noble metal catalysts and provides new insights into interfacial electron regulation.
TL;DR: In this article, powdery, spherical nanoparticles (NPs) containing ppm levels of palladium ligated by t-Bu3P, derived from FeCl3, upon simple exposure to water undergo a remarkable alteration in their morphology leading to nanorods that catalyze Mizoroki-Heck (MH) couplings.
Abstract: Powdery, spherical nanoparticles (NPs) containing ppm levels of palladium ligated by t-Bu3P, derived from FeCl3, upon simple exposure to water undergo a remarkable alteration in their morphology leading to nanorods that catalyze Mizoroki-Heck (MH) couplings. Such NP alteration is general, shown to occur with three unrelated phosphine ligand-containing NPs. Each catalyst has been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) analyses. Couplings that rely specifically on NPs containing t-Bu3P-ligated Pd occur under aqueous micellar catalysis conditions between room temperature and 45 °C, and show broad substrate scope. Other key features associated with this new technology include low residual Pd in the product, recycling of the aqueous reaction medium, and an associated low E Factor. Synthesis of the precursor to galipinine, a member of the Hancock family of alkaloids, is suggestive of potential industrial applications.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review highlights representative advances in organic synthesis based on zwitterionic π-allyl palladium and propargyl palladium, which includes both structural scaffolds used in the pharmaceutical industry and novel heterocyclic skeletons with potential biological appeal.
Abstract: In the past few years, Pd-catalyzed annulation reactions through zwitterionic π-allyl palladium intermediates have been extensively investigated. Meanwhile, zwitterionic π-allyl palladium and propargyl palladium have also been successfully demonstrated to be a vital and versatile synthon for the construction of carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds, which include both structural scaffolds used in the pharmaceutical industry and novel heterocyclic skeletons with potential biological appeal. This review highlights representative advances in organic synthesis based on zwitterionic π-allyl palladium and propargyl palladium.
TL;DR: Efficient catalysts for a two-step transformation of cellulose-derived glucose into adipic acid via glucaric acid are reported, and an activated carbon-supported bifunctional catalyst composed of rhenium oxide and palladium is discovered to be powerful for the removal of four hydroxyl groups in glucarIC acid.
Abstract: Green synthesis of adipic acid from renewable biomass is a very attractive goal of sustainable chemistry. Herein, we report efficient catalysts for a two-step transformation of cellulose-derived glucose into adipic acid via glucaric acid. Carbon nanotube-supported platinum nanoparticles are found to work efficiently for the oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid. An activated carbon-supported bifunctional catalyst composed of rhenium oxide and palladium is discovered to be powerful for the removal of four hydroxyl groups in glucaric acid, affording adipic acid with a 99 % yield. Rhenium oxide functions for the deoxygenation but is less efficient for four hydroxyl group removal. The co-presence of palladium not only catalyzes the hydrogenation of olefin intermediates but also synergistically facilitates the deoxygenation. This work presents a green route for adipic acid synthesis and offers a bifunctional-catalysis strategy for efficient deoxygenation.
TL;DR: In this paper, three-dimensional layered palladium tungsten nanosheet assemblies (L-PdW NAs) have been successfully synthesized using a facile carbon monoxide (CO) confinement strategy, exhibiting much higher catalytic activity and stability compared to palladium nanosheets.
TL;DR: Results of partition coefficient determination showed that the Pd(II) complex is more lipophilic than that of cisplatin, and molecular docking simulation confirms the obtained results from experimental tests and reveals that the complex tends to be located at the intercalation site of DNA and Sudlow's site I of BSA.