Showing papers on "Trace metal published in 2011"
TL;DR: This review paper will present the most recent results, especially those that are concerned withpolysaccharide level, composition and distribution under trace metal stress, and describe in detail the polysaccharides responsible for metal binding and immobilization in different groups of plants (algae and higher plants).
Abstract: This review paper is focused predominantly on the role of the cell wall in the defense response of plants to trace metals. It is generally known that this compartment accumulates toxic divalent and trivalent metal cations both during their uptake by the cell from the environment and at the final stage of their sequestration from the protoplast. However, from results obtained in recent years, our understanding of the role played by the cell wall in plant defense response to toxic metals has markedly altered. It has been shown that this compartment may function not only as a sink for toxic trace metal accumulation, but that it is also actively modified under trace metal stress. These modifications lead to an increase in the capacity of the cell wall to accumulate trace metals and a decrease of its permeability for trace metal migration into the protoplast. One of the most striking alterations is the enhancement of the level of low-methylesterified pectins: the polysaccharides able to bind divalent and trivalent metal ions. This review paper will present the most recent results, especially those that are concerned with polysaccharide level, composition and distribution under trace metal stress, and describe in detail the polysaccharides responsible for metal binding and immobilization in different groups of plants (algae and higher plants). The review also contains information related to the entry pathways of trace metals into the cell wall and their detection methods.
523 citations
TL;DR: The human body has an elaborate system for managing and regulating the amount of key trace metals circulating in blood and stored in cells, but when this system fails to function properly, abnormal levels and ratios of trace metals can develop.
Abstract: The human body has an elaborate system for managing and regulating the amount of key trace metals circulating in blood and stored in cells. Nutrient metals from our diet are incorporated into blood if blood levels are depleted, transported into cells if cellular levels are inadequate, or excreted if blood and cell levels are sufficient or overloaded. When this system fails to function properly, abnormal levels and ratios of trace metals can develop. One of the most common trace-metal imbalances is elevated copper and depressed zinc. The ratio of copper to zinc is clinically more important than the concentration of either of these trace metals [1]. There are 2-4 grams of Zn distributed throughout the human body [2]. Most zinc is in the brain, muscle, bones, kidney and liver, with the highest concentrations in the prostate and parts of the eye [3]. It is the second most abundant transition metal in organisms after iron and it is the only metal which appears in all enzyme classes [2,4]. Copper is also a vital dietary nutrient, although only small amounts of the metal are needed for well-being [5]. Although copper is the third most abundant trace metal in the body [behind iron and zinc], the total amount of copper in the body is only 75-100 milligrams [6]. Copper is present in every tissue of the body, but is stored primarily in the liver, with fewer amounts found in the brain, heart, kidney, and muscles.
368 citations
TL;DR: Foliar diagnostics suggest that Na (>1% in affected plants) is the prime cause of growth effects in red mud and in corresponding NaOH amended soils, concluding that the Na salinity, not the trace metal contamination, is the main concern for this red mud in soil.
Abstract: The red mud accident of October 4, 2010, in Ajka (Hungary) contaminated a vast area with caustic, saline red mud (pH 12) that contains several toxic trace metals above soil limits. Red mud was characterized and its toxicity for plants was measured to evaluate the soil contamination risks. Red mud radioactivity (e.g., 238U) is about 10-fold above soil background and previous assessments revealed that radiation risk is limited to indoor radon. The plant toxicity and trace metal availability was tested with mixtures of this red mud and a local noncontaminated soil up to a 16% dry weight fraction. Increasing red mud applications increased soil pH to maximally 8.3 and soil solution EC to 12 dS m−1. Shoot yield of barley seedlings was affected by 25% at 5% red mud in soil and above. Red mud increased shoot Cu, Cr, Fe, and Ni concentrations; however, none of these exceed toxic limits reported elsewhere. Moreover, NaOH amended reference treatments showed similar yield reductions and similar changes in shoot compo...
232 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the respective mechanisms of trace metal accumulation, retention and remobilization across the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) and with respect to oxygen fluctuations in the water column related to the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
207 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, water and sediment samples were collected from 20 location of the Buriganga river of Bangladesh during Summer and Winter 2009 to determine the spatial distribution, seasonal and temporal variation of different heavy metal contents.
Abstract: Water and sediment samples were collected from 20 location of the Buriganga river of Bangladesh during Summer and Winter 2009 to determine the spatial distribution, seasonal and temporal variation of different heavy metal contents. Sequential extraction procedure was employed in sediment samples for the geochemical partitioning of the metals. Total trace metal content in water and sediment samples were analyzed and compared with different standard and reference values. Concentration of total chromium, lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt and arsenic in water samples were greatly exceeded the toxicity reference values in both season. Concentration of chromium, lead, copper and nickel in sediment samples were mostly higher than that of severe effect level values, at which the sediment is considered heavily polluted. On average 72 % chromium, 92 % lead, 88 % zinc, 73 % copper, 63 % nickel and 68 % of total cobalt were associated with the first three labile sequential extraction phases, which portion is readily bioavailable and might be associated with frequent negative biological effects. Enrichment factor values demonstrated that the lead, cadmium, zinc, chromium and copper in most of the sediment samples were enriched sever to very severely. The pollution load index value for the total area was as high as 21.1 in Summer and 24.6 in Winter season; while values above one indicates progressive deterioration of the sites and estuarine quality. The extent of heavy metals pollution in the Buriganga river system implies that the condition is much frightening and may severely affect the aquatic ecology of the river.
201 citations
TL;DR: Compared to those from other typical mangrove wetlands of the world, the metal levels in Hainan were at low- to median-levels, which is consistent with the fact that Hainen Island is still in low exploitation and its mangroves suffer little impact from human activities.
152 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the total element concentration and the chemical fractionation of 18 elements (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Ti, V, Zn) in total suspended particulate matter (TSP) from Beijing, China, were studied for a period of three years.
143 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple and accurate low-blank method has been developed for the analysis of total dissolved copper, cadmium, lead, and iron in a small volume (1.3-1.5mL per element) of seawater.
125 citations
TL;DR: Tropical vegetables were not satisfactorily modelled as a single generic 'green vegetable, suggesting that more sophisticated approaches to risk assessment may be required to assess hazard from peri-urban agriculture in developing countries.
112 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three sediment cores were collected in the Scheldt, Lys and Spiere canals, which drain a highly populated and industrialized area in Western Europe, and the speciation and the distribution of trace metals in pore waters and sediment particles were assessed through a combination of computational and experimental techniques.
112 citations
TL;DR: In this article, anoxic and oxic wetland soil incubation experiments, combined with analyses of soil solutions sampled from a natural wetland during a reduction event, are used to test the possibility that rare earth elements (REE) could be used as a tool to identify the soil phases contributing to trace metal solubilization.
TL;DR: A correlation between the metal levels found in the mussel soft tissues with those found in sediments, for both 2005 and 2006, could be established, except for the levels of Zn observed.
TL;DR: In this article, the size distributions of trace elements associated with particulate matter in the areas heavily impacted by traffics were determined by ICPMS, and eleven sets of size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using a MOUDI sampler in winter and summer of 2007-2008 along the side of a highway in the northeast New Jersey near New York City.
TL;DR: In this article, a high-resolution sedimentary record of heavy metals (chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and mercury (Hg), from lakes Lucerne and Meidsee (Switzerland), provides pollutant deposition history from two contrasting Alpine environments over the last millennia.
24 Mar 2011-Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes
TL;DR: Data on Cd, Cu and Zn from this study and from literature search can be useful to set the maximum limit of these metals in King Bolete collected from uncontaminated (background) areas.
Abstract: This paper provides data on baseline concentrations, interrelationships and bioconcentration potential of 12 metallic elements by King Bolete collected from 11 spatially distant sites across Poland. There are significant differences in concentrations of metals (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr, Zn) and their bioconcentration potential in King Bolete Boletus edulis at 11 spatially distant sites surveyed across Poland. These have resulted from significant geographical differences in trace metal concentrations in a layer (0-10 cm) of organic and mineral soil underneath to fruiting bodies and possible local bioavailabilities of macro- (Ca, K, Mg, Na) and trace metals (Al, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sr, Zn) to King Bolete. The use of highly appreciated wild-grown edible King Bolete mushroom has established a baseline measure of regional minerals status, heavy metals pollution and assessment of intake rates for wild mushroom dish fanciers against which future changes can be compared. Data on Cd, Cu and Zn from this study and from literature search can be useful to set the maximum limit of these metals in King Bolete collected from uncontaminated (background) areas. In this report also reviewed are data on Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr and Zn accumulation in King Bolete.
TL;DR: In this paper, inorganic geochemical analyses of pore waters and sediments of two Late Quaternary sediment cores from the western Arctic Ocean (southern Mendeleev Ridge, RV Polarstern Expedition ARK-XXIII/3) are presented, focusing on the composition and origin of distinct brown-colored, Mn-rich sediment layers.
TL;DR: Evaluating the potential sediment cumulative damage and toxicity due to metal contamination in a polluted zone of Deûle river from nearby two smelters revealed that Cd contributed to the highest pollution levels, followed by Zn, Pb and to a much lesser extent Cu and Ni.
TL;DR: The minimum requirements for four essential trace metals were examined in both thermophilic and mesophilic methane fermentation of glucose, indicating greater assimilation by biomass and/or less bioavailability under thermophobic conditions.
Abstract: 2 ABSTRACT: The minimum requirements for four essential trace metals were examined in both thermophilic and mesophilic methane fermentation of glucose. The minimum requirement here was defined as the amount that supports the effluent soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 1000 mg/ L or less for the duration of several times the hydraulic retention time (HRT). For this purpose, completely mixed reactors were run semi- continuously at 5 days HRT, with 10 g/L substrate COD. The minimum requirements determined as milligrams per gram COD removed were 0.45, 0.049, 0.054, and 0.24 in the thermophilic system and 0.20, 0.0063, 0.017, and 0.049 in the mesophilic system for iron, nickel, cobalt, and zinc, respectively. The thermophilic system required larger amounts (2.2 to 7.8 times) of the trace metals than the mesophilic system, indicating greater assimilation by biomass and/or less bioavailability under thermophilic. conditions. The results can give quantitative information on trace metal nutrition for successful methane fermentation. Water Environ. Res., 83, 339 (2011).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare temporal and spatial variations in inhalable trace metal background concentrations in a major city (Barcelona, Spain) and at a nearby mountainous site (Montseny) affected by the urban plume.
Abstract: . Using an unprecedentedly large geochemical database, we compare temporal and spatial variations in inhalable trace metal background concentrations in a major city (Barcelona, Spain) and at a nearby mountainous site (Montseny) affected by the urban plume. Both sites are contaminated by technogenic metals, with V, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, Sn, Bi, Sb and Cd all showing upper continental crust (UCC) normalised values >1 in broadly increasing order. The highest metal concentrations usually occur during winter at Barcelona and summer in Montseny. This seasonal difference was especially marked at the remote mountain site in several elements such as Ti and Rare Earth Elements, which recorded campaign maxima, exceeding PM10 concentrations seen in Barcelona. The most common metals were Zn, Ti, Cu, Mn, Pb and V. Both V and Ni show highest concentrations in summer, and preferentially fractionate into the finest PM sizes (PM1/PM10 > 0.5) especially in Barcelona, this being attributed to regionally dispersed contamination from fuel oil combustion point sources. Within the city, hourly metal concentrations are controlled either by traffic (rush hour double peak for Cu, Sb, Sn, Ba) or industrial plumes (morning peak of Ni, Mn, Cr generated outside the city overnight), whereas at Montseny metal concentrations rise during the morning to a single, prolonged afternoon peak as contaminated air transported by the sea breeze moves into the mountains. Our exceptional database, which includes hourly measurements of chemical concentrations, demonstrates in more detail than previous studies the spatial and temporal variability of urban pollution by trace metals in a given city. Technogenic metalliferous aerosols are commonly fine in size and therefore potentially bioavailable, emphasising the case for basing urban background PM characterisation not only on physical parameters such as mass but also on sample chemistry and with special emphasis on trace metal content.
TL;DR: In this article, the trace metals (iron, zinc, copper, cadmium, tin, lead, and lead) in canned tuna, obtained from four different brands in Turkey, were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS).
TL;DR: Sediment results from Admiralty Bay suggest that increasing As content may be associated with the activities associated with this site, and enrichment factors and geochronology analysis observed the most relevant enrichment was observed for As in the samples collected close to the Ferraz station.
TL;DR: In this paper, the chemical composition of suspended matter from the Black Sea for a complete suite of elements used as tracers for various sources and processes was analyzed for Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag, Cd, Ba, Pb, U and P using ICP-MS, AAS and spectrophotometer.
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that CO2 and vitamin B12 interactively influence growth, carbon fixation, trace metal requirements and trace metal NUE of this diatom, and suggests the need to consider complex feedback interactions between multiple environmental factors for this biogeochemically critical group of phytoplankton in the last glacial maximum as well as the current and future changing ocean.
Abstract: Phytoplankton growth can be limited by numerous inorganic nutrients and organic growth factors. Using the subarctic diatom Attheya sp. in culture studies, we examined how the availability of vitamin B12 and carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) influences growth rate, primary productivity, cellular iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) quotas, and the net use efficiencies (NUEs) of these bioactive trace metals (mol C fixed per mol cellular trace metal per day). Under B12-replete conditions, cells grown at high pCO2 had lower Fe, Zn and Cd quotas, and used those trace metals more efficiently in comparison with cells grown at low pCO2. At high pCO2, B12-limited cells had ∼50% lower specific growth and carbon fixation rates, and used Fe ∼15-fold less efficiently, and Zn and Cd ∼3-fold less efficiently, in comparison with B12-replete cells. The observed higher Fe, Zn and Cd NUE under high pCO2/B12-replete conditions are consistent with predicted downregulation of carbon-concentrating mechanisms. Co quotas of B12-replete cells were ∼5- to 14-fold higher in comparison with B12-limited cells, suggesting that >80% of cellular Co of B12-limited cells was likely from B12. Our results demonstrate that CO2 and vitamin B12 interactively influence growth, carbon fixation, trace metal requirements and trace metal NUE of this diatom. This suggests the need to consider complex feedback interactions between multiple environmental factors for this biogeochemically critical group of phytoplankton in the last glacial maximum as well as the current and future changing ocean.
TL;DR: Overall, the use of active biomonitoring (ABM) approach allowed to investigate trace metal contamination in order to support policy makers in establishing regional strategies (particularly, with regard to the European Marine Strategy Directive).
Abstract: A large scale study of trace metal contamination (Hg, Cd, Pb and Ni) by means of caged mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis was undertaken along the coastal waters of the Western Mediterranean Sea within the context of the MYTILOS project Individual mussels from an homogeneous population (shell size 50 ± 5 mm) obtained from an aquaculture farm were consecutively caged and deployed at 123 sites located in the Alboran, North-Western, South-Western and Tyrrhenian sub-basins for 12 weeks (April–July) in 2004, 2005 and 2006 After cage recoveries, both the metal content in the whole mussel tissue and the allometric parameters were measured Statistical analysis of the datasets showed significant differences in concentrations between sub-basins for some metals and mussel condition index (CI) Linear regression models coupled to the CI were revisited for the data adjustment of certain trace metals (Hg, Cd and Ni), and four level categories were statistically derived to facilitate interregional comparison Seawater masses surrounding coastal areas impacted by run-off from land mineralised coasts and industrial activities displayed the highest concentration ranges (Hg: 015–031 mg kg−1 dw; Cd: 197–211; Ni: 218–320 and Pb: 31–38), although the levels obtained in most of the sites fitted within moderate or low categories, and they could be considered as baseline concentrations However, few sites considered little-influenced by human activities, at present, showed high concentrations of Cd, Ni and Pb, which constitute new areas of concern Overall, the use of active biomonitoring (ABM) approach allowed to investigate trace metal contamination in order to support policy makers in establishing regional strategies (particularly, with regard to the European Marine Strategy Directive)
TL;DR: In this paper, the average TSP level is significantly higher in outdoor atmosphere than indoor, and both of them are higher than WHO and USEPA standards, and the distribution of trace metals is considerably diverse in indoor and outdoor particulates.
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Aqueous Cadmium Removal by Adsorption on Barley Hull and Barley hull Ash has been shown to be an economically feasible alternative method for removing trace metal from wastewater and water supplies as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The contamination of water by toxic heavy metals through the discharge of industrial, mining and agricultural wastewaters is a worldwide environmental problem. Metals can be distinguished from other toxic pollutants, since they are non-biodegradable and can accumulate in living tissues, thus becoming concentrated throughout the food chain. Cadmium is a highly toxic element affecting the environment. Excessive human intake of Cd leads to damage of kidney and renal system, skeletal deformation (Itai-itai), cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. Severe gastrointestinal irritation, muscular pain, anemia, teeth discoloration, loss of smell and possible necrotic changes in the liver and kidney can also occur. Cadmium is also known carcinogen. The treatment of cadmium contaminated water is similar to that of many metal contaminated effluents. The main techniques, which have been utilized to reduce the heavy metal ion content of effluents, include chemical precipitation, coagulation, lime precipitation, solvent extraction, electrolytic processes, membrane separation, ion-exchange and adsorption. In the last few years, adsorption has been shown to be an economically feasible alternative method for removing trace metal from wastewater and water supplies. Activated carbon Aqueous Cadmium Removal by Adsorption on Barley Hull and Barley Hull Ash
TL;DR: It is shown that using groups of biomonitors increase the scope and strengths of the conclusions and specific goals can be better addressed, and most organisms are suitable for Hg biomonitoring, whereas other metals are better monitored by only some of them.
TL;DR: In this article, the concentrations of trace metals and elements in the coarse fraction of atmospheric particulate matter (CPM, particles smaller than 10 and larger than 2.5 μm in diameter, PM10-2.5) and their spatial and temporal trends were investigated in the greater Los Angeles area.
Abstract: The concentrations of trace metals and elements in the coarse fraction of atmospheric particulate matter (CPM, particles smaller than 10 and larger than 2.5 μm in diameter, PM10–2.5) and their spatial and temporal trends were investigated in the greater Los Angeles area. Ten distinct sampling sites were chosen to encompass a variety of CPM sources, including urban, rural, coastal, inland, and near-freeway sites. Time-integrated 24-h CPM samples were collected at each location once a week, for an entire year, from April 2008 to March 2009, to characterize drivers of the seasonal and spatial patterns of the CPM trace metal content. Metals were quantified using sector-field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). Trace metals in CPM displayed distinct seasonal and temporal variations, and a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to aid the identification of the CPM sources underlying these variations. The probable sources of each principal component were identified using elemental...
TL;DR: In this paper, the size distribution, speciation and metal binding properties of natural organic matter (NOM) in cave dripwaters were investigated. But the results of the experiments were limited to a single cave environment.
TL;DR: In this paper, a quantitative estimate for the contribution of biological processes to accumulation and transformation of the trace elements in the marginal biofilter of the ocean is made, and it has been demonstrated that the proportion of phytoplankton having the largest biomass reaches 96-99% of the total mass of trace elements accumulated by biota.
Abstract: A quantitative estimate has been made for the contribution of biological processes to accumulation and transformation of the trace elements in the marginal biofilter of the ocean. It has been demonstrated that the proportion of phytoplankton having the largest biomass reaches 96–99% of the total mass of trace elements accumulated by biota. The mass of trace elements taken up by bivalved mollusks is tens to hundreds of times less than this, while that by macrophytes is an order of magnitude less than the latter. A dynamic parameter of the biogenic migration, namely the duration of the biological cycle of phytoplankton, has been calculated; this value does not exceed 2–3 days for Zn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Co, Fe, and Mn. First the trace metal balance in the whole body of mussels Mytilus spp. between the soft tissues and shells was calculated based on their weight proportion (0.1 and 0.9, correspondingly). As a result it was revealed that carbonate shells serve a great reservoir of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and As and biomineralization is an important process in their bioaccumulation. The suggested new approach can be applied when making environmental and geochemical estimates of biotic self-purification of water bodies and when using shells as mineral supplements.