Showing papers by "Hartmut Sadrozinski published in 2013"

Search for dark matter candidates and large extra dimensions in events with a jet and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector

Abstract: A search for new phenomena in events with a high-energy jet and large missing transverse momentum is performed using data from proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the Large flatiron Collider. Four kinematic regions are explored using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb(-1). No excess of events beyond expectations from Standard Model processes is observed, and limits are set on large extra dimensions and the pair production of dark matter particles.

Measurement of hard double-parton interactions in W(-> lv) plus 2-jet events at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Abstract: The production of W bosons in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 7 TeV has been analysed for the presence of double-parton interactions using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb(-1), collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The fraction of events arising from double-parton interactions, f(DP)((D)), has been measured through the p(T) balance between the two jets and amounts to f(DP)((D)) = 0.08 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.02 (sys.) for jets with transverse momentum p(T) > 20 GeV and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.8. This corresponds to a measurement of the effective area parameter for hard double-parton interactions of sigma(eff) = 15 +/- 3 (stat.)(-3)(+5) (sys.) mb.

Technical Design Report for the Phase-I Upgrade of the ATLAS TDAQ System

Abstract: The Phase-I upgrade of the ATLAS Trigger and Data Acquisition (TDAQ) system is to allow the ATLAS experiment to efficiently trigger and record data at instantaneous luminosities that are up to three times that of the original LHC design while maintaining trigger thresholds close to those used in the initial run of the LHC.

Search for long-lived stopped R-hadrons decaying out-of-time with pp collisions using the ATLAS detector

Abstract: An updated search is performed for gluino, top squark, or bottom squark R-hadrons that have come to rest within the ATLAS calorimeter, and decay at some later time to hadronic jets and a neutralino, using 5.0 and 22.9 fb(-1) of pp collisions at 7 and 8 TeV, respectively. Candidate decay events are triggered in selected empty bunch crossings of the LHC in order to remove pp collision backgrounds. Selections based on jet shape and muon system activity are applied to discriminate signal events from cosmic ray and beam-halo muon backgrounds. In the absence of an excess of events, improved limits are set on gluino, stop, and sbottom masses for different decays, lifetimes, and neutralino masses. With a neutralino of mass 100 GeV, the analysis excludes gluinos with mass below 832 GeV (with an expected lower limit of 731 GeV), for a gluino lifetime between 10 mu s and 1000 s in the generic R-hadron model with equal branching ratios for decays to q (q) over bar(chi) over tilde (0) and g (chi) over tilde (0). Under the same assumptions for the neutralino mass and squark lifetime, top squarks and bottom squarks in the Regge R-hadron model are excluded with masses below 379 and 344 GeV, respectively.

Development of a head scanner for proton CT

Abstract: We describe a new head scanner developed for Proton Computed Tomography (pCT) in support of proton therapy treatment planning, aiming at reconstructing an accurate map of the stopping power (S.P.) in a phantom and, in the future, in patients. The system consists of two silicon telescopes which track the proton before and after the phantom/patient, and an energy detector which measures the residual energy or range of the proton to reconstruct the Water Equivalent Path Length (WEPL) in the phantom. Based on the experience of the existing prototype and extensive Geant4 simulations and CT reconstructions, the new pCT scanner will support clinically useful proton fluxes.

Ultra-fast silicon detectors

Abstract: We propose to develop a fast, thin silicon sensor with gain capable to concurrently measure with high precision the space (∼10 μm) and time (∼10 ps) coordinates of a particle. This will open up new application of silicon detector systems in many fields. Our analysis of detector properties indicates that it is possible to improve the timing characteristics of silicon-based tracking sensors, which already have sufficient position resolution, to achieve four-dimensional high-precision measurements. The basic sensor characteristics and the expected performance are listed, the wide field of applications are mentioned and the required R&D topics are discussed.

Measurement of upsilon production in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

Abstract: Using 1.8 fb(-1) of pp collisions at a center- of- mass energy of 7 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, we present measurements of the production cross sections of Upsilon(1S,2S,3S) mesons. Upsilon mesons are reconstructed using the dimuon decay mode. Total production cross sections for p(T) < 70 GeV and in the rapidity interval vertical bar y(Upsilon)vertical bar < 2. 25 are measured to be, 8.01 +/- 0.02 +/- 0.36 +/- 0.31 nb, 2.05 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.12 +/- 0.08 nb, and 0.92 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.04 nb, respectively, with uncertainties separated into statistical, systematic, and luminosity measurement effects. In addition, differential cross section times dimuon branching fractions for Upsilon(1S), Upsilon(2S), and Upsilon(3S) as a function of Upsilon transverse momentum pT and rapidity are presented. These cross sections are obtained assuming unpolarized production. If the production polarization is fully transverse or longitudinal with no azimuthal dependence in the helicity frame, the cross section may vary by approximately +/- 20%. If a nontrivial azimuthal dependence is considered, integrated cross sections may be significantly enhanced by a factor of 2 or more. We compare our results to several theoretical models of Upsilon meson production, finding that none provide an accurate description of our data over the full range of Upsilon transverse momenta accessible with this data set.

Characterisation and mitigation of beam-induced backgrounds observed in the ATLAS detector during the 2011 proton-proton run

Abstract: This paper presents a summary of beam-induced backgrounds observed in the ATLAS detector and discusses methods to tag and remove background contaminated events in data. Trigger-rate based monitoring of beam-related backgrounds is presented. The correlations of backgrounds with machine conditions, such as residual pressure in the beam-pipe, are discussed. Results from dedicated beam-background simulations are shown, and their qualitative agreement with data is evaluated. Data taken during the passage of unpaired, i.e. non-colliding, proton bunches is used to obtain background-enriched data samples. These are used to identify characteristic features of beam-induced backgrounds, which then are exploited to develop dedicated background tagging tools. These tools, based on observables in the Pixel detector, the muon spectrometer and the calorimeters, are described in detail and their efficiencies are evaluated. Finally an example of an application of these techniques to a monojet analysis is given, which demonstrates the importance of such event cleaning techniques for some new physics searches.

Alumina and silicon oxide/nitride sidewall passivation for P- and N-type sensors

Abstract: Silicon detectors normally have an inactive region along the perimeter of the sensor. In this paper we describe a “scribe, cleave, and passivate” (SCP) technique for the fabrication of slim edges in a post processing with finished detectors. The scribing was done by laser-scribing and etching. After scribing and cleaving steps, the sidewalls are passivated with a dielectric. We present results for n- and p-type sensors with different sidewall passivations. The leakage current depends strongly on the type of sidewall passivation. An alumina passivation leads to very low leakage currents for p-type sensors because of a negative interface charge. For n-type sensors, a hydrogenated silicon nitride shows the lowest leakage currents. Furthermore, we applied the technique to large area n-type single-sided strip detectors (cleaving length up to 3.5 cm).

A search for $t\bar{t}$ resonances in the lepton plus jets final state with ATLAS using 4.7 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV

Abstract: A search for new particles that decay into top quark pairs (t (t) over bar) is performed with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC using an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb(-1) of proton-proton (pp) collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy root s = 7 TeV. In the t (t) over bar) -> WbWb decay, the lepton plus jets final state is used, where one W boson decays leptonically and the other hadronically. The t (t) over bar) system is reconstructed using both small-radius and large-radius jets, the latter being supplemented by a jet substructure analysis. A search for local excesses in the number of data events compared to the Standard Model expectation in the t (t) over bar) invariant mass spectrum is performed. No evidence for a t (t) over bar) resonance is found and 95% credibility-level limits on the production rate are determined for massive states predicted in two benchmark models. The upper limits on the cross section times branching ratio of a narrow Z' resonance range from 5.1 pb for a boson mass of 0.5 TeV to 0.03 pb for a mass of 3 TeV. A narrow leptophobic topcolor Z' resonance with a mass below 1.74 TeV is excluded. Limits are also derived for a broad color-octet resonance with m 15.3%. A Kaluza-Klein excitation of the gluon in a Randall-Sundrum model is excluded for masses below 2.07 TeV.

Search for resonant diboson production in the WW/WZ → ℓνjj decay channels with the ATLAS detector at √s = 7 TeV

Abstract: A search for resonant diboson production using a data sample corresponding to 47 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV is presented The search for a narrow resonance in the WW or WZ mass distribution is conducted in a final state with an electron or a muon, missing transverse momentum, and at least two jets No significant excess is observed and limits are set using three benchmark models: WW resonance masses below 940 and 710 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for spin-2 Randall-Sundrum and bulk Randall-Sundrum gravitons, respectively; WZ resonance masses below 950 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for a spin-1 extended gauge model W' boson

Scribe-cleave-passivate (SCP) slim edge technology for silicon sensors

Abstract: We are pursuing scribe–cleave–passivate (SCP) technology of making “slim edge” sensors. Such sensors have only a minimal amount of inactive peripheral region, which benefits construction of large-area tracker and imaging systems. Key application steps of this method are surface scribing, cleaving, and passivation of the resulting sidewall. We are working on developing both the technology and physical understanding of the processed devices performance. In this paper we begin by reviewing the manufacturing options of SCP technology. Then we show new results regarding the technology automation and device physics performance. The latter includes charge collection efficiency near the edge and radiation hardness study. We also report on the status of devices processed at the request of the RD50 collaborators.

Beam Test Studies of 3D Pixel Sensors Irradiated Non-Uniformly for the ATLAS Forward Physics Detector

Abstract: Pixel detectors with cylindrical electrodes that penetrate the silicon substrate (so called 3D detectors) offer advantages over standard planar sensors in terms of radiation hardness, since the electrode distance is decoupled from the bulk thickness. In recent years significant progress has been made in the development of 3D sensors, which culminated in the sensor production for the ATLAS Insertable B-Layer (IBL) upgrade carried out at CNM (Barcelona, Spain) and FBK (Trento, Italy). Based on this success, the ATLAS Forward Physics (AFP) experiment has selected the 3D pixel sensor technology for the tracking detector. The AFP project presents a new challenge due to the need for a reduced dead area with respect to IBL, and the in-homogeneous nature of the radiation dose distribution in the sensor. Electrical characterization of the first AFP prototypes and beam test studies of 3D pixel devices irradiated non-uniformly are presented in this paper.

Search for microscopic black holes in a like-sign dimuon final state using large track multiplicity with the ATLAS detector

Abstract: A search is presented for microscopic black holes in a like-sign dimuon final state in proton–proton collisions at √s=8 TeV. The data were collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Co ...

Measurement of k(T) splitting scales in W -> l nu events at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Abstract: A measurement of splitting scales, as defined by the kT clustering algorithm, is presented for final states containing a W boson produced in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The measurement is based on the full 2010 data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb(-1) which was collected using the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Cluster splitting scales are measured in events containing W bosons decaying to electrons or muons. The measurement comprises the four hardest splitting scales in a k(T) cluster sequence of the hadronic activity accompanying the W boson, and ratios of these splitting scales. Backgrounds such as multi-jet and top-quark-pair production are subtracted and the results are corrected for detector effects. Predictions from various Monte Carlo event generators at particle level are compared to the data. Overall, reasonable agreement is found with all generators, but larger deviations between the predictions and the data are evident in the soft regions of the splitting scales.

Characterisation of edgeless technologies for pixellated and strip silicon detectors with a micro-focused X-ray beam

Abstract: Reduced edge or "edgeless" detector design offers seamless tileability of sensors for a wide range of applications from particle physics to synchrotron and free election laser (FEL) facil- ities and medical imaging. Combined with through-silicon-via (TSV) technology, this would allow reduced material trackers for particle physics and an increase in the active area for synchrotron and FEL pixel detector systems. In order to quantify the performance of different edgeless fabrication methods, 2 edgeless detectors were characterized at the Diamond Light Source using an 11mm FWHM 15 keV micro- focused X-ray beam. The devices under test were: a 150mm thick silicon active edge pixel sensor fabricated at VTT and bump-bonded to a Medipix2 ROIC; and a 300mm thick silicon strip sensor fabricated at CIS with edge reduction performed by SCIPP and the NRL and wire bonded to an ALiBaVa readout system. Sub-pixel resolution of the 55mm active edge pixels was achieved. Further scans showed no drop in charge collection recorded between the centre and edge pixels, with a maximum deviation of 5% in charge collection between scanned edge pixels. Scans across the cleaved and standard guard ring edges of the strip detector also show no reduction in charge collection. These results

Tracker Readout ASIC for Proton Computed Tomography Data Acquisition

Abstract: A unique CMOS chip has been designed to serve as the front-end of the tracking detector data acquisition system of a pre-clinical prototype scanner for proton computed tomography (pCT). The scanner is to be capable of measuring one to two million proton tracks per second, so the chip must be able to digitize the data and send it out rapidly while keeping the front-end amplifiers active at all times. One chip handles 64 consecutive channels, including logic for control, calibration, triggering, buffering, and zero suppression. It outputs a formatted cluster list for each trigger, and a set of field programmable gate arrays merges those lists from many chips to build the events to be sent to the data acquisition computer. The chip design has been fabricated, and subsequent tests have demonstrated that it meets all of its performance requirements, including excellent low-noise performance.

The effect of different dicing methods on the leakage currents of n-type silicon diodes and strip sensors

Abstract: All silicon wafers are singulated into individual chips after device processing (front-end) and before packaging. Silicon wafer singulation is dominated by blade- and laser-dicing techniques, both leave some damage. We are using scribing and cleaving to singulate silicon radiation detectors. Scribing and cleaving is known to leave almost damage free sidewalls when applied to III–V compound semiconductors. The technique is not well developed for dicing silicon devices. We used silicon sensors working in a full depletion mode to determine the damage from different scribing techniques (laser-, diamond, and etch-scribing). Etch-scribing shows very low leakage currents and enables cuts at the edge of the active area of the sensor/die. Furthermore, the leakage currents for laser- and diamond-scribed devices can be reduced by a gaseous sidewall etch step.

Punch-through protection of SSDs

Abstract: The effectiveness of punch-through protection (PTP) structures on n-on-p AC-coupled silicon strip detectors using pulses from a 1064 nm IR laser, which mimics beam accidents, is investigated. The voltages on the strip implants are measured as a function of the bias voltage and incoming particle flux. We present a 4-resistor model to describe the sensor after large particle fluxes, which is then used to characterize the effectiveness of PTP structures. The effectiveness of PTP structures is presented in terms of total strip implant to bias rail length, type of surface treatment used for strip isolation, coverage of the polysilicon bias resistor, and radiation damage from protons, neutrons and pions.

Particle detector applications in medicine

Abstract: Selected particle detectors are described which find an application in medicine and have been the topic of presentations at the 2013 Vienna Conference of Instrumentation (VCI).

Recent results on 3D double sided detectors with slim edges

Abstract: This paper reports on the first characterization of double sided 3D silicon radiation pixel detectors with slim edges. These detectors consist of a three-dimensional array of electrodes that penetrate into the detector bulk with the anode and cathode electrodes etched from opposite sides of the substrate. Different detectors were post-processed using the scribe-cleave-passivate (SCP) technology to make “slim edge” sensors. These sensors have only a minimal amount of inactive peripheral region, for the benefit of the construction of large-area tracker and imaging systems. The target application for this work is the use of 3D slim edge detectors for the ATLAS Forward Physics (AFP) CERN Project, where pixel detectors for position resolution and timing detectors for removal of pile up protons, will be placed as close as possible to the beam to detect diffractive protons at 220 m on either side of the ATLAS interaction point. For this reason the silicon areas should feature the narrowest possible insensitive zone on the sensor edge closest to the beam and withstand high nonuniform irradiation fluences.

Working Group Report: Sensors

Abstract: Sensors play a key role in detecting both charged particles and photons for all three frontiers in Particle Physics. The signals from an individual sensor that can be used include ionization deposited, phonons created, or light emitted from excitations of the material. The individual sensors are then typically arrayed for detection of individual particles or groups of particles. Mounting of new, ever higher performance experiments, often depend on advances in sensors in a range of performance characteristics. These performance metrics can include position resolution for passing particles, time resolution on particles impacting the sensor, and overall rate capabilities. In addition the feasible detector area and cost frequently provides a limit to what can be built and therefore is often another area where improvements are important. Finally, radiation tolerance is becoming a requirement in a broad array of devices. We present a status report on a broad category of sensors, including challenges for the future and work in progress to solve those challenges.

Sensor Compendium

Abstract: Sensors play a key role in detecting both charged particles and photons for all three frontiers in Particle Physics The signals from an individual sensor that can be used include ionization deposited, phonons created, or light emitted from excitations of the material The individual sensors are then typically arrayed for detection of individual particles or groups of particles Mounting of new, ever higher performance experiments, often depend on advances in sensors in a range of performance characteristics These performance metrics can include position resolution for passing particles, time resolution on particles impacting the sensor, and overall rate capabilities In addition the feasible detector area and cost frequently provides a limit to what can be built and therefore is often another area where improvements are important Finally, radiation tolerance is becoming a requirement in a broad array of devices We present a status report on a broad category of sensors, including challenges for the future and work in progress to solve those challenges