Institution
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Government•Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia•
About: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation is a government organization based out in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Soil water. The organization has 33765 authors who have published 79910 publications receiving 3356114 citations.
Topics: Population, Soil water, Climate change, Gene, Context (language use)
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Care needs to be taken in toxicity testing in ascribing toxicity to nanoparticles per se when the effects may be related, at least in part, to simple solubility, as this study has shown.
Abstract: Metal oxide nanoparticles are finding increasing application in various commercial products, leading to concerns for their environmental fate and potential toxicity. It is generally assumed that nanoparticles will persist as small particles in aquatic systems and that their bioavailability could be significantly greater than that of larger particles. The current study using nanoparticulate ZnO (ca. 30 nm) has shown that this is not always so. Particle characterization using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering techniques showed that particle aggregation is significant in a freshwater system, resulting in flocs ranging from several hundred nanometers to several microns. Chemical investigations using equilibrium dialysis demonstrated rapid dissolution of ZnO nanoparticles in a freshwater medium (pH 7.6), with a saturation solubility in the milligram per liter range, similar to that of bulk ZnO. Toxicity experiments using the freshwater alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata revealed c...
1,221 citations
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TL;DR: General classes of direct value comparison, coupling real and modelled values, preserving data patterns, indirect metrics based on parameter values, and data transformations are discussed.
Abstract: In order to use environmental models effectively for management and decision-making, it is vital to establish an appropriate level of confidence in their performance. This paper reviews techniques available across various fields for characterising the performance of environmental models with focus on numerical, graphical and qualitative methods. General classes of direct value comparison, coupling real and modelled values, preserving data patterns, indirect metrics based on parameter values, and data transformations are discussed. In practice environmental modelling requires the use and implementation of workflows that combine several methods, tailored to the model purpose and dependent upon the data and information available. A five-step procedure for performance evaluation of models is suggested, with the key elements including: (i) (re)assessment of the model's aim, scale and scope; (ii) characterisation of the data for calibration and testing; (iii) visual and other analysis to detect under- or non-modelled behaviour and to gain an overview of overall performance; (iv) selection of basic performance criteria; and (v) consideration of more advanced methods to handle problems such as systematic divergence between modelled and observed values.
1,207 citations
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1,201 citations
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01 Jan 19961,197 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of methods to estimate yield gaps, with a focus on the local-to-global relevance of outcomes, is presented, based on which the authors recommend key components for a yield gap assessment that can be applied at local to global scales.
1,196 citations
Authors
Showing all 33864 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
David R. Williams | 178 | 2034 | 138789 |
Mark E. Cooper | 158 | 1463 | 124887 |
Kevin J. Gaston | 150 | 750 | 85635 |
Liming Dai | 141 | 781 | 82937 |
John D. Potter | 137 | 795 | 75310 |
Lei Zhang | 135 | 2240 | 99365 |
Harold A. Mooney | 135 | 450 | 100404 |
Frederick M. Ausubel | 133 | 389 | 60365 |
Rajkumar Buyya | 133 | 1066 | 95164 |
Robert B. Jackson | 132 | 458 | 91332 |
Peter Hall | 132 | 1640 | 85019 |
Frank Caruso | 131 | 641 | 61748 |
Paul J. Crutzen | 130 | 461 | 80651 |
Andrew Y. Ng | 130 | 345 | 164995 |
Lei Zhang | 130 | 2312 | 86950 |