Eindhoven University of Technology

About: Eindhoven University of Technology is a education organization based out in Eindhoven, Noord-Brabant, Netherlands. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Computer science. The organization has 22309 authors who have published 52936 publications receiving 1584164 citations. The organization is also known as: Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven & TU/e.

Efficient hybrid solar cells from zinc oxide nanoparticles and a conjugated polymer

Abstract: The authors show that efficient bulk-heterojunction solar cells can be made using ZnO nanoparticles and a conjugated polymer. These cells can be processed from soln. and exhibit an incident photon to current conversion efficiency up to 40 %. Nanocryst. ZnO (nc-ZnO) of approx. 5 nm diam. was synthesized and used. As the n-type semiconductor. Complexes with MDMO-PPV were used, with Aluminum and a PEDOT-PSS/ITO-coated glass hole-conducting electrode. The incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE)closely resembles the absorption spectrum of the MDMO-PPV:nc-ZnO layer on glass, and reaches a value of 40 % at the absorption max. MDMO-PPV. Integration of this spectral response with the solar spectrum (AM1.5G, normalized 100 mW cm-2) affords an est. of the short-circuit c.d. of Jsc = 3.3 mA/cm2 under AM1.5 (1 sun) conditions. C.d.-voltage (J-V) measurements, carried out in the dark reveal excellent diode behavior, with electron current dominating the c.d. in forward bias. TEM micrographs showed intimate mixing of the ZnO and the MDMO-PPV, with the majority of the polymer domains smaller than a few tens of nanometers, which has been shown to be the exciton diffusion length in a similar PPV polymer.

The Job Demands-Resources model: challenges for future research

Abstract: Motivation: The motivation of this overview is to present the state of the art of Job Demands–Resources (JD–R) model whilst integrating the various contributions to the special issue. Research purpose: To provide an overview of the JD–R model, which incorporates many possible working conditions and focuses on both negative and positive indicators of employee well-being. Moreover, the studies of the special issue were introduced. Research design: Qualitative and quantitative studies on the JD–R model were reviewed to enlighten the health and motivational processes suggested by the model. Main findings: Next to the confirmation of the two suggested processes of the JD–R model, the studies of the special issue showed that the model can be used to predict work-place bullying, incidences of upper respiratory track infection, work-based identity, and early retirement intentions. Moreover, whilst psychological safety climate could be considered as a hypothetical precursor of job demands and resources, compassion satisfaction moderated the health process of the model. Contribution/value-add: The findings of previous studies and the studies of the special issue were integrated in the JD–R model that can be used to predict well-being and performance at work. New avenues for future research were suggested. Practical/managerial implications: The JD–R model is a framework that can be used for organisations to improve employee health and motivation, whilst simultaneously improving various organisational outcomes.

Verification of Workflow Nets

Abstract: Workflow management systems will change the architecture of future information systems dramatically. The explicit representation of business procedures is one of the main issues when introducing a workflow management system. In this paper we focus on a class of Petri nets suitable for the representation, validation and verification of these procedures. We will show that the correctness of a procedure represented by such a Petri net can be verified by using standard Petri-net-based techniques. Based on this result we provide a comprehensive set of transformation rules which can be used to construct and modify correct procedures.

Habit, information acquisition, and the process of making travel mode choices

Abstract: Three studies examined the role of habit on information acquisition concerning travel mode choices. On the basis of Triandis’ (1980) model of attitude‐behaviour relations it was expected that habit strength attenuates the elaborateness of choice processes. The studies focused on different phases in the choice process, namely the appreciation of situational cues and appreciation of choice option information. In line with expectations, it was found that, compared to weak habit participants, those who had a strong habit towards choosing a particular travel mode acquired less information and gave evidence of less elaborate choice strategies. It was attempted to break effects of habit by manipulating either accountability demands or level of attention. Although accountability demands raised the level of information acquisition, no interactions with habit were found. Enhanced attention to the choice process initially did override habit effects in a series of choice trials. However, in spite of this manipulation, chronic habit effects emerged during later trials. The results demonstrate the profound effects that habit may have on the appreciation of information about choice situations and choice options. #1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Infrared regulating smart window based on organic materials

Abstract: Windows are vital elements in the built environment that have a large impact on the energy consumption in indoor spaces, affecting heating and cooling and artificial lighting requirements. Moreover, they play an important role in sustaining human health and well-being. In this review, we discuss the next generation of smart windows based on organic materials which can change their properties by reflecting or transmitting excess solar energy (infrared radiation) in such a way that comfortable indoor temperatures can be maintained throughout the year. Moreover, we place emphasis on windows that maintain transparency in the visible region so that additional energy is not required to retain natural illumination. We discuss a number of ways to fabricate windows which remain as permanent infrared control elements throughout the year as well as windows which can alter transmission properties in presence of external stimuli like electric fields, temperature and incident light intensity. We also show the potential impact of these windows on energy saving in different climate conditions.