Eindhoven University of Technology

About: Eindhoven University of Technology is a education organization based out in Eindhoven, Noord-Brabant, Netherlands. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Computer science. The organization has 22309 authors who have published 52936 publications receiving 1584164 citations. The organization is also known as: Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven & TU/e.

Energy management strategies for vehicular electric power systems

Abstract: In the near future, a significant increase in electric power consumption in vehicles is expected. To limit the associated increase in fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, smart strategies for the generation, storage/retrieval, distribution, and consumption of electric power will be used. Inspired by the research on energy management for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), this paper presents an extensive study on controlling the vehicular electric power system to reduce the fuel use and emissions, by generating and storing electrical energy only at the most suitable moments. For this purpose, both off-line optimization methods using knowledge of the driving pattern and on-line implementable ones are developed and tested in a simulation environment. Results show a reduction in fuel use of 2%, even without a prediction of the driving cycle being used. Simultaneously, even larger reductions of the emissions are obtained. The strategies can also be applied to a mild HEV with an integrated starter alternator (ISA), without modifications, or to other types of HEVs with slight changes in the formulation.

Inkjet printing of well-defined polymer dots and arrays.

Abstract: Inkjet printing represents a highly promising polymer deposition method, which is used for, for example, the fabrication of multicolor polyLED displays and polymer-based electronics parts. The challenge is to print well-defined polymer structures from dilute solution. We have eliminated the formation of ring stains by printing nonvolatile acetophenone-based inks on a perfluorinated substrate using different polymers. (De)pinning of the contact line of the printed droplet, as related to the choice of solvent, is identified as the key factor that determines the shape of the deposit, whereas the choice of polymer is of minor importance. Adding 10 wt % or more of acetophenone to a volatile solvent (ethyl acetate)-based polymer solution changes the shape of the deposit from ring-like to dot-like, which may be due to the establishment of a solvent composition gradient. Arrays of closely spaced dots have also been printed. The size of the dots is considerably smaller than the nozzle diameter. This may prove a potential strategy for the inkjet printing of submicrometer structures.

Reactivity Theory of Transition-Metal Surfaces: A Brønsted−Evans−Polanyi Linear Activation Energy−Free-Energy Analysis

Abstract: The exponential increase in computational processor speed, the development of novel computational architectures, together with the tremendous advances in ab initio theoretical methods that have emerged over the past two decades have led to unprecedented advances in our ability to probe the fundamental chemistry that occurs on complex catalytic surfaces. In particular, advances in density functional theory (DFT) have made it possible to elucidate the elementary steps and mechanisms in surface-catalyzed processes that would be difficult to explore experimentally. The advanced state of plane wave DFT has made it possible to rapidly examine systematic changes to the metal or the reactant in order to establish structure-property relationships. As a result, extensive data based on the energetics for various different surface-catalyzed reactions has been generated. This invites a detailed theoretical analysis of the factors that control reaction paths and corresponding potentialenergy surfaces of surface reactions. Such a theoretical analysis will not only provide interesting new insights into the intricate relationship between the chemical bonding features, structure, and energies of transition states but also serve as a basis for the development of analytical expressions that relate transitionstate properties to more easily accessible thermodynamic properties. The Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi (BEP) relationship is one such example which has been widely applied in the analysis of surface elementary reaction steps.1-8 δEact )RδEr (1)

Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement

Abstract: This diary study adds to the leadership literature by examining the daily influence of transformational leadership, contingent reward, and active management-by-exception (MBE active) on followers' daily work engagement. We compare the unique contribution of these leadership behaviours and focus on the work environment to examine how these leadership behaviours influence followers' daily work engagement. While travelling by sail ship, 61 naval cadets filled out a diary questionnaire for 34 days. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that, after controlling for followers' work engagement the previous day, cadets were more engaged on days that their leader showed more transformational leadership and provided contingent reward. MBE active was unrelated to followers' work engagement. As predicted, transformational leadership and contingent reward contributed to a more favourable work environment (more autonomy and support), while MBE active resulted in a less favourable work environment (less autonomy) for the cadets. This study highlights the importance of daily leadership for followers' daily work engagement.

Critically evaluated rate coefficients for free-radical polymerization, 2.. Propagation rate coefficients for methyl methacrylate

Abstract: Propagation rate coefficients, k(P), for free-radical polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) previously reported by several groups are critically evaluated. All data were determined by the combination of pulsed-laser polymerization (PLP) and subsequent polymer analysis by size exclusion (SEC) chromatography. The PLP-SEC technique has been recommended as the method of choice for the determination of k(P) by the IUPAC Working Party on Modeling of Polymerization Kinetics and Processes. Application of the technique to acrylates has proven to be very difficult and, along with other experimental evidence, has led to the conclusion that acrylate chain-growth kinetics are complicated by intramolecular transfer (backbiting) events to form a mid-chain radical structure of lower reactivity. These mechanisms have a significant effect on acrylate polymerization rate even at low temperatures, and have limited the PLP-SEC determination of k(P) of chain-end radicals to low temperatures (<20 degreesC) using high pulse repetition rates. Nonetheless, the values for BA from six different laboratories, determined at ambient pressure in the temperature range of -65 to 20 degreesC mostly for bulk monomer with few data in solution, fulfill consistency criteria and show excellent agreement, and are therefore combined together into a benchmark data set. The data are fitted well by an Arrhenius relation resulting in a pre-exponential factor of 2.21 x 10(7) L (.) mol(-1) (.) s(-1) and an activation energy of 17.9 kJ (.) mol(-1). It must be emphasized that these PLP-determined k(P) values are for monomer addition to a chain-end radical and that, even at low temperatures, it is necessary to consider the presence of two radical structures that have very different reactivity. Studies for other alkyl acrylates do not provide sufficient results to construct benchmark data sets, but indicate that the family behavior previously documented for alkyl methacrylates also holds true within the alkyl acrylate family of monomers. [GRAPHICS] Arrhenius plot of propagation rate coefficients, k(P), for BA as measured by PLP-SEC.