Hasanuddin University

About: Hasanuddin University is a education organization based out in Makassar, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 5839 authors who have published 5267 publications receiving 25893 citations. The organization is also known as: Universitas Hasanuddin.

Biorefining of oil palm empty fruit bunches for bioethanol and xylitol production in Indonesia: A review

Abstract: Indonesia has an intensive agro-industrial sector which evolves large volumes of residues each year. Currently, these residues are under-utilized and have a deleterious impact on the environment, Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFBs) in particular are highly abundant and offer good potential for conversion to bioenergy and bio-based products, in particular bioethanol and xylitol (widely used as an artificial sweetener and can substitute sugar in food and pharmaceutical industries). This paper provides a comprehensive review of the techno-economic opportunities and challenges for the wider utilization of OPEFBs for the generation of bioethanol and xylitol in Indonesia. This review highlights the significant potential for the valorization of OPEFB based on resource availability in the country (828 MWe/year or 45.86 Mt/year) and growing demand for both bioethanol (from 0.22 billion L in 2019 to 10.38 billion L in 2025) and xylitol (up to 2.20 kt in 2020). Various process configurations were explored to assess the potential for simultaneous co-production of bioethanol and xylitol. A mass balance and techno-economic assessment showed that the preferred scenario was Scenario 3 (co-production of bioethanol with xylitol and lignin) and that this has the potential to generate 46,145 kL bioethanol, 7.716 kt xylitol, and 25.704 kt lignin per year. This is significant given the limited production for both bioethanol and xylitol in the country currently. Further work is required to address challenges around technical, policy and supply chains. This work provides an original and novel strategy to support the wider adoption of commercially viable bioethanol production in Indonesia.

Domination of mesophotic ecosystems in the Wakatobi Marine National Park (Indonesia) by sponges, soft corals and other non-hard coral species

Abstract: Mesophotic ecosystems have been relatively poorly studied in the Indo-Pacific and in particular within the Coral Triangle region. Here we used a mini-ROV to explore the changes in major benthic groups at two sites (~200 m apart) in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia spanning shallow water coral reefs (5 m) to deeper water mesophotic ecosystems (80 m). We found very similar patterns at both sites where coral cover peaked at 15 m, declined rapidly by 30 m, and was virtually absent at 50 m. As coral declined there was a marked increase in sponges, soft corals and other encrusting organisms (including ascidians, bryozoans, tubeworms, gorgonians and molluscs). Importantly, our results differ from most previous studies in other geographic locations where hard corals extend much deeper. It is unclear what drives this difference but it may be related to higher levels of turbidity and therefore reduced light penetration in the Wakatobi compared with other areas, which limits the vertical extent of coral development.

Highly diverse mesophotic reef fish communities in Raja Ampat, West Papua

Abstract: Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs; reefs 30-150 m depth) are poorly studied, with existing research heavily geographically biased away from the most species-rich reef regions. Yet, MCEs are of high interest because of their unique species and potential to act as refuges from the impacts of fishing. Using baited remote underwater video systems, we surveyed reef fish communities from depths of 2 to 85 m throughout the Raja Ampat archipelago in West Papua, Indonesia – an area considered the heart of the Coral Triangle where coral reef biodiversity is greatest. Here we show—similar to shallow reefs—Raja Ampat MCEs are exceptionally diverse, with 152 fish species recorded at depths greater than 40 m. We found that fish communities were highly depth driven, with declines in fish abundance at increased depth. In contrast to previous studies elsewhere in the world, we found that the proportion of planktivores declined across the shallow reef to MCE depth gradient. While greater human population density correlated with lower reef fish biomass, we did not observe differential impacts based on depth, and so found no evidence that MCEs provide a depth refuge from fishing. Our results expand and contrast some previously established MCE-depth patterns in fish communities, highlighting the need for future MCE studies within the Coral Triangle region.

Ambiguitas dan konflik peran serta independensi sebagai determinan kualitas audit internal

Abstract: Abstrak: Ambiguitas dan Konflik Peran serta Independensi sebagai Determinan Kualitas Audit Internal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menelaah pengaruh ambiguitas peran, konflik peran terhadap independensi dan kualitas audit internal; pengaruh ambiguitas peran dan konflik peran terhadap kualitas audit internal melalui independensi; dan pengaruh independensi terhadap kualitas audit internal. Penelitian ini termasuk explanatory research dengan menggunakan 202 responden auditor inspektorat di Sulawesi Tengah. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ambiguitas peran dan konflik peran berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap independensi, namun tidak signifikan terhadap kualitas audit internal; ambiguitas peran dan konflik peran berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit internal melalui independensi; dan independensi berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kualitas audit internal. Abstract: The Ambiguity and Conflict Role as well as Independency as Determinant of Internal Audit Quality. This research aimed to analyze the effects of the role ambiguity and conflict on the independency and the quality of internal audit; the effects of the role ambiguity and the role conflict on the quality of internal audit through the independency; and the effect of the independency on the quality of internal audit. The research was categorized as the explanatory research using 202 inspectorate auditor as respondents in the Central Sulawesi. The research results revealed that the role ambiguity and the role conflict had a negative significant effect on the independency, but an insignificant effect on the quality of internal audit. The ambiguity and conflict role had a significant effect on the quality of internal audit through independency; and independency had a positive significant effect on the quality of internal audit.

ICAM-1 levels in patients with covid-19 with diabetic foot ulcers: A prospective study in southeast asia

Abstract: Background Viral infection can compound the severity of pre-existing inflammation caused by underlying diseases. For those with a chronic, immune-related condition such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) serves to exacerbate the inflammatory burden. Serum levels of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a primary mediator of cell adhesion express in the inflammatory process, are often used to indicate the gravity of all inflammatory conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate serum ICAM-1 levels before and after debridement in patients with DFUs who were also diagnosed as COVID-19 positive compared with those who were COVID-19 negative. Methods 20 patients with DFUs were screened for COVID-19 and then divided into COVID-19 positive and negative groups according to the results. Before debridement, chest x-rays and blood analysis, including ICAM-1 serum levels, were performed in both groups. Only ICAM-1 serum levels were measured after debridement. Results Of the 20 patients included in this study, 55% were male (n = 11) and 45% were female (n = 9). The mean age was 52.9 ± 1.9 years. ICAM-1 levels in patients with DFU in the COVID-19-positive group were significantly higher than those in the COVID-19-negative group (median 317.2 vs 149.2, respectively; p Conclusion ICAM-1 serum levels represent an additional, initial screening marker for COVID-19.