Institution
Imperial College London
Education•London, Westminster, United Kingdom•
About: Imperial College London is a education organization based out in London, Westminster, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 90019 authors who have published 209164 publications receiving 9337534 citations. The organization is also known as: Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine & Imperial College.
Topics: Population, Medicine, Context (language use), Cancer, Computer science
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The process and the technical background to the IUCN Red List system is described, which was designed to measure the symptoms of extinction risk, and uses 5 independent criteria relating to aspects of population loss and decline of range size.
Abstract: The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species was increasingly used during the 1980s to assess the conservation status of species for policy and planning purposes. This use stimulated the development of a new set of quantitative criteria for listing species in the categories of threat: critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable. These criteria, which were intended to be applicable to all species except microorganisms, were part of a broader system for classifying threatened species and were fully implemented by IUCN in 2000. The system and the criteria have been widely used by conservation practitioners and scientists and now underpin one indicator being used to assess the Convention on Biological Diversity 2010 biodiversity target. We describe the process and the technical background to the IUCN Red List system. The criteria refer to fundamental biological processes underlying population decline and extinction. But given major differences between species, the threatening processes affecting them, and the paucity of knowledge relating to most species, the IUCN system had to be both broad and flexible to be applicable to the majority of described species. The system was designed to measure the symptoms of extinction risk, and uses 5 independent criteria relating to aspects of population loss and decline of range size. A species is assigned to a threat category if it meets the quantitative threshold for at least one criterion. The criteria and the accompanying rules and guidelines used by IUCN are intended to increase the consistency, transparency, and validity of its categorization system, but it necessitates some compromises that affect the applicability of the system and the species lists that result. In particular, choices were made over the assessment of uncertainty, poorly known species, depleted species, population decline, restricted ranges, and rarity; all of these affect the way red lists should be viewed and used. Processes related to priority setting and the development of national red lists need to take account of some assumptions in the formulation of the criteria.
1,057 citations
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TL;DR: The 2015 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart features the incorporation of many exciting new advances in thoracic tumor diagnosis and classification.
1,056 citations
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Utrecht University1, University of Copenhagen2, University of Ulm3, University of Düsseldorf4, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens5, Imperial College London6, University College London7, Umeå University8, National Institutes of Health9, Norwegian Institute of Public Health10, University of Oslo11, Karolinska Institutet12, Aarhus University13, University Medical Center Utrecht14, Cancer Epidemiology Unit15, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute16, University of Basel17, Institut Gustave Roussy18, French Institute of Health and Medical Research19, University of Washington20, University of Turin21, Basque Government22
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the association between natural-cause mortality and long-term exposure to several air pollutants, such as PM2.5, nitrogen oxides, and NOx.
1,056 citations
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TL;DR: The raising of awareness and implementation of effective interventions for modifiable risk factors, such as overweight, obesity, maternal age, and smoking, are priorities for stillbirth prevention in high-income countries.
1,053 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that hotspots of species richness, threat and endemism do not show the same geographical distribution and this suggests that, even within a single taxonomic class, different mechanisms are responsible for the origin and maintenance of different aspects of diversity.
Abstract: Biodiversity hotspots have a prominent role in conservation biology(1-9), but it remains controversial to what extent different types of hotspot are congruent(4,10-14). Previous studies were unable to provide a general answer because they used a single biodiversity index, were geographically restricted, compared areas of unequal size or did not quantitatively compare hotspot types(1-10,12-22). Here we use a new global database on the breeding distribution of all known extant bird species to test for congruence across three types of hotspot. We demonstrate that hotspots of species richness, threat and endemism do not show the same geographical distribution. Only 2.5% of hotspot areas are common to all three aspects of diversity, with over 80% of hotspots being idiosyncratic. More generally, there is a surprisingly low overall congruence of biodiversity indices, with any one index explaining less than 24% of variation in the other indices. These results suggest that, even within a single taxonomic class, different mechanisms are responsible for the origin and maintenance of different aspects of diversity. Consequently, the different types of hotspots also vary greatly in their utility as conservation tools.
1,052 citations
Authors
Showing all 90798 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Albert Hofman | 267 | 2530 | 321405 |
David Miller | 203 | 2573 | 204840 |
Tamara B. Harris | 201 | 1143 | 163979 |
Mark I. McCarthy | 200 | 1028 | 187898 |
Peter J. Barnes | 194 | 1530 | 166618 |
Simon D. M. White | 189 | 795 | 231645 |
Patrick W. Serruys | 186 | 2427 | 173210 |
John Hardy | 177 | 1178 | 171694 |
Simon Baron-Cohen | 172 | 773 | 118071 |
Richard H. Friend | 169 | 1182 | 140032 |
Yang Gao | 168 | 2047 | 146301 |
Hongfang Liu | 166 | 2356 | 156290 |
Philippe Froguel | 166 | 820 | 118816 |
Salvador Moncada | 164 | 495 | 138030 |
Dennis R. Burton | 164 | 683 | 90959 |