Institution
International Agency for Research on Cancer
Government•Lyon, France•
About: International Agency for Research on Cancer is a government organization based out in Lyon, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Population. The organization has 2989 authors who have published 9010 publications receiving 929752 citations. The organization is also known as: IARC.
Topics: Cancer, Population, Breast cancer, Risk factor, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In an analysis of 31,717 cancer cases and 26,136 cancer-free controls from 13 genome-wide association studies, this paper observed large chromosomal abnormalities in a subset of clones in DNA obtained from blood or buccal samples.
Abstract: In an analysis of 31,717 cancer cases and 26,136 cancer-free controls from 13 genome-wide association studies, we observed large chromosomal abnormalities in a subset of clones in DNA obtained from blood or buccal samples. We observed mosaic abnormalities, either aneuploidy or copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity, of >2 Mb in size in autosomes of 517 individuals (0.89%), with abnormal cell proportions of between 7% and 95%. In cancer-free individuals, frequency increased with age, from 0.23% under 50 years to 1.91% between 75 and 79 years (P = 4.8 × 10(-8)). Mosaic abnormalities were more frequent in individuals with solid tumors (0.97% versus 0.74% in cancer-free individuals; odds ratio (OR) = 1.25; P = 0.016), with stronger association with cases who had DNA collected before diagnosis or treatment (OR = 1.45; P = 0.0005). Detectable mosaicism was also more common in individuals for whom DNA was collected at least 1 year before diagnosis with leukemia compared to cancer-free individuals (OR = 35.4; P = 3.8 × 10(-11)). These findings underscore the time-dependent nature of somatic events in the etiology of cancer and potentially other late-onset diseases.
496 citations
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International Agency for Research on Cancer1, Cancer Institute2, German Cancer Research Center3, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital4, National University of Singapore5, Hospital Authority6, New Generation University College7, Inha University8, Chiang Mai University9, Prince of Songkla University10, Khon Kaen University11, Tata Memorial Hospital12, Makerere University13, National Medical College14
TL;DR: Variations in survival correlated with early detection initiatives and level of development of health services, and emphasises the need for urgent investments in improving awareness, population-based cancer registration, early detection programmes, health-services infrastructure, and human resources.
Abstract: Summary Background Population-based cancer survival data, a key indicator for monitoring progress against cancer, are not widely available from countries in Africa, Asia, and Central America. The aim of this study is to describe and discuss cancer survival in these regions. Methods Survival analysis was done for 341 658 patients diagnosed with various cancers from 1990 to 2001 and followed up to 2003, from 25 population-based cancer registries in 12 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (The Gambia, Uganda), Central America (Costa Rica), and Asia (China, India, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey). 5-year age-standardised relative survival (ASRS) and observed survival by clinical extent of disease were determined. Findings For cancers in which prognosis depends on stage at diagnosis, survival was highest in China, South Korea, Singapore, and Turkey and lowest in Uganda and The Gambia. 5-year ASRS ranged from 76–82% for breast cancer, 63–79% for cervical cancer, 71–78% for bladder cancer, and 44–60% for large-bowel cancers in China, Singapore, South Korea, and Turkey. Survival did not exceed 22% for any cancer site in The Gambia; in Uganda, survival did not exceed 13% for any cancer site except breast (46%). Variations in survival correlated with early detection initiatives and level of development of health services. Interpretation The wide variation in cancer survival between regions emphasises the need for urgent investments in improving awareness, population-based cancer registration, early detection programmes, health-services infrastructure, and human resources. Funding Association for International Cancer Research (AICR; St Andrews, UK), Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC, Villejuif, France), and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Seattle, USA).
495 citations
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TL;DR: Limited, moderate quality evidence is provided that searching for and eradicating H pylori reduces the incidence of gastric cancer in healthy asymptomatic infected Asian individuals, but these data cannot necessarily be extrapolated to other populations.
Abstract: Objectives To determine whether searching for Helicobacter pylori and treating with eradication therapy leads to a reduction in incidence of gastric cancer among healthy asymptomatic infected individuals.
Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Data sources Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials were searched through to December 2013. Conference proceedings between 2001 and 2013 were hand searched. A recursive search was performed with bibliographies of relevant studies. There were no language restrictions.
Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Randomised controlled trials examining the effect of at least seven days of eradication therapy on subsequent occurrence of gastric cancer in adults who tested positive for Helicobacter pylori but otherwise healthy and asymptomatic were eligible. The control arm had to receive placebo or no treatment. Subjects had to be followed for ≥2 years.
Main outcome measures Primary outcome, defined a priori, was the effect of eradication therapy on the subsequent occurrence of gastric cancer expressed as a relative risk of gastric cancer with 95% confidence intervals.
Results The search strategy identified 1560 citations, of which six individual randomised controlled trials were eligible. Fifty one (1.6%) gastric cancers occurred among 3294 individuals who received eradication therapy versus 76 (2.4%) in 3203 control subjects (relative risk 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.46 to 0.95), with no heterogeneity between studies (I2=0%, P=0.60). If the benefit of eradication therapy was assumed to persist lifelong the number needed to treat was as low as 15 for Chinese men and as high as 245 for US women.
Conclusions These data provide limited, moderate quality evidence that searching for and eradicating H pylori reduces the incidence of gastric cancer in healthy asymptomatic infected Asian individuals, but these data cannot necessarily be extrapolated to other populations.
494 citations
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Karolinska University Hospital1, University of New South Wales2, National Institutes of Health3, University of California, Los Angeles4, St. Vincent's Health System5, Statens Serum Institut6, Imperial College London7, University of California, San Francisco8, University of York9, BC Cancer Agency10, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research11, Yale University12, Northwestern University13, University of Cagliari14, Dublin City University15, International Agency for Research on Cancer16, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center17, Wayne State University18, Mayo Clinic19, Brigham and Women's Hospital20, University of Southern California21
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed a pooled analysis of self-reported autoimmune conditions and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and subtypes, including 29,423 participants in 12 case-control studies.
490 citations
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International Agency for Research on Cancer1, University of Oxford2, Utrecht University3, New York University4, Medical Research Council5, German Cancer Research Center6, Institut Gustave Roussy7, University of Naples Federico II8, University of Turin9, Imperial College London10, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens11
TL;DR: The results have shown that, among postmenopausal women, not only elevated serum oestrogens but also serum androgens are associated with increased breast cancer risk, and caution against the use of DHEA(S), or other androgens, for post menopausal androgen replacement therapy.
Abstract: Considerable experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests that elevated endogenous sex steroids - notably androgens and oestrogens - promote breast tumour development. In spite of this evidence, postmenopausal androgen replacement therapy with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) or testosterone has been advocated for the prevention of osteoporosis and improved sexual wellbeing. We have conducted a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Levels of DHEA sulphate (DHEAS), (Delta 4-androstenedione), testosterone, oestrone, oestradiol and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in prediagnostic serum samples of 677 postmenopausal women who subsequently developed breast cancer and 1309 matched control subjects. Levels of free testosterone and free oestradiol were calculated from absolute concentrations of testosterone, oestradiol and SHBG. Logistic regression models were used to estimate relative risks of breast cancer by quintiles of hormone concentrations. For all sex steroids the androgens as well as the oestrogens - elevated serum levels were positively associated with breast cancer risk, while SHBG levels were inversely related to risk. For the androgens, relative risk estimates (95% confidence intervals) between the top and bottom quintiles of the exposure distribution were: DHEAS 1.69 (1.23-2.33), androstenedione 1.94 (1.40-2.69), testosterone 1.85 (1.33-2.57) and free testosterone 2.50 (1.76-3.55). For the oestrogens, relative risk estimates were: oestrone 2.07 (1.42-3.02), oestradiol 2.28 (1.61-3.23) and free oestradiol (odds ratios 2.13 (1,52-2.98)). Adjustments for body mass index or other potential confounding factors did not substantially alter any of these relative risk estimates. Our results have shown that, among postmenopausal women, not only elevated serum oestrogens but also serum androgens are associated with increased breast cancer risk. Since DHEAS and androstenedione are largely of adrenal origin in postmenopausal women, our results indicated that elevated adrenal androgen synthesis is a risk factor for breast cancer. The results from this study caution against the use of DHEA(S), or other androgens, for postmenopausal androgen replacement therapy.
489 citations
Authors
Showing all 3012 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
Kay-Tee Khaw | 174 | 1389 | 138782 |
Elio Riboli | 158 | 1136 | 110499 |
Silvia Franceschi | 155 | 1340 | 112504 |
Stephen J. Chanock | 154 | 1220 | 119390 |
Paolo Boffetta | 148 | 1455 | 93876 |
Timothy J. Key | 146 | 808 | 90810 |
Hans-Olov Adami | 145 | 908 | 83473 |
Joseph J.Y. Sung | 142 | 1240 | 92035 |
Heiner Boeing | 140 | 1024 | 92580 |
Anne Tjønneland | 139 | 1345 | 91556 |
Kim Overvad | 139 | 1196 | 86018 |
Sheila Bingham | 136 | 519 | 67332 |
Pasi A. Jänne | 136 | 685 | 89488 |
Peter Kraft | 135 | 821 | 82116 |