International Food Policy Research Institute

About: International Food Policy Research Institute is a nonprofit organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Agriculture & Food security. The organization has 1217 authors who have published 4952 publications receiving 218436 citations.

Plant breeding to control zinc deficiency in India: How cost-effective is biofortification?

Abstract: The objective was to estimate the potential impact of zinc biofortification of rice and wheat on public health in India and to evaluate its cost-effectiveness compared with alternative interventions and international standards. The burden of zinc deficiency (ZnD) in India was expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost. Current zinc intakes were derived from a nationally representative household food consumption survey (30-day recall) and attributed to household members based on adult equivalent weights. Using a dose-response function projected increased zinc intakes from biofortified rice and wheat were translated into potential health improvements for pessimistic and optimistic scenarios. After estimating the costs of developing and disseminating the new varieties the costeffectiveness of zinc biofortification was calculated for both scenarios and compared with alternative micronutrient interventions and international reference standards. The study took place in India. The subjects were a representative household survey (n = 119 554). The calculated annual burden of ZnD in India is 2.8 million DALYs lost. Zinc biofortification of rice and wheat may reduce this burden by 20-51% and save 0.6-1.4 million DALYs each year depending on the scenario. The cost for saving one DALY amounts to $US 0.73-7.31 which is very cost-effective by standards of the World Bank and the World Health Organization and is lower than that of most other micronutrient interventions. Not only may zinc biofortification save lives and prevent morbidity among millions of people it may also help accommodate the need to economise and to allocate resources more efficiently. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings. (authors)

Global water demand and supply projections: Part 1 - A modeling approach

Abstract: This paper presents a modeling approach for projections of water demand and supply for domestic, industrial, livestock, and irrigation at the basin or country level in a global scope. Particular emphasis is put on simulating water availability for crops taking into account total renewable water, non-irrigation water demand, water supply infrastructure, and economic and environmental policies at the basin or country level. This paper focuses on concepts and methodology involved in the modeling exercise. Data assessment and results are presented in a companion paper (Rosegrant and Cai, 2002).