Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch

About: Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch is a education organization based out in Tehran, Iran. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Adsorption & Catalysis. The organization has 868 authors who have published 968 publications receiving 9987 citations.

2-Amino-4-methyl­pyridinium 6-carb­oxy­pyridine-2-carboxyl­ate methanol monosolvate

Abstract: In the title solvated molecular salt, C6H9N2+·C7H4NO4−·CH4O, the pyridine N atom of 2-amino-4-methyl­pyridine is protonated and one carboxyl group of pyridine-2,6-dicarb­oxy­lic acid is deprotonated. The dihedral angles between the –CO2 and –COH groups and the pyridine ring are 0.65 (13) and 7.4°. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil of Lomatopodium khorassanicum Mozaffarian—a Species Endemic to Iran

Abstract: A hydrodistilled oil of the aerial parts of Lomatopodium khorassanicum Mozaffarian (Umbelliferae), an endemic species of Iran, has been analyzed by GC/MS. The major components were found to be myrcene (28.2%), (E)-β-ocimene (15.4%) and limonene (10.1%).

Designing a logistic network for hospital waste management: a benders decomposition algorithm

Abstract: Healthcare wastes are produced from all medical and therapeutic activities in hospitals and healthcare centres. Around 15-20% of these wastes are classified as infectious wastes that could be hazardous. Therefore, an effective approach is required for handling costs and environmental issues. In this paper, a bi-objective Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is presented for logistics of infectious and non-infectious wastes. The proposed bi-objective model aims to minimize network costs and the risk of exposure to contamination. In this respect, a multi-stage network consisting of hospitals, recycling centres, treatment centres, disposal centres, mainly covering the location-routing problem, is considered. To deal with computational complexity of the proposed model, a Benders Decomposition Algorithm (BDA) has been employed. The researchers were faced with two important questions: (1) whether the proposed model can be applied to real-world scenarios or not, and (2) how efficient is the proposed algorithm in solving standard test problems and real-world cases. To answer these questions, the outputs of the BDA have been compared with the optimal solutions provided by the CPLEX software. The results imply that the BDA has been able to achieve optimal solutions in less computation times. Moreover, the proposed model and algorithm have been applied to a real-world study in Alborz Province of Iran. The outputs demonstrate that the proposed model and algorithm can yield applicable solutions for the case study which have been approved by experts. The proposed model can be extended by considering compatibility of wastes in storage.

Isolation, identification and extracellular enzymatic activity of culturable extremely halophilic archaea and bacteria of IncheBoroun wetland

Abstract: Extremely halophilic diversity of IncheBroun wetland located in the north of Iran was investigated by using culture-dependent methods. Sampling was carried out in May and September 2014. In each sampling 4 distinct regions of wetland were analyzed by using complex media like MGM, JCM168, MH1 and an alkaliphilic medium containing 23% salts. After incubation at 40 ̊C, a total of 406 isolates and 2.1 × 10 6 CFU/ml were obtained in culture media. Among them 361 isolates were obtained from MGM and 39 isolates from JCM 168, 3 isolates from MH1 and 3 isolates from the alkaliphilic media. Initial morphological, biochemical and physiological tests were performed. Production of 4 hydrolytic enzymes by 45 selected strains was assayed qualitatively. A total of 38, 19 and 6 strains were able to produce lipase, DNase and amylase activity. Protease activity was not observed among strains. As total 45 strains were selected randomly and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA was performed for them. Among selected strains 40 isolated strians belonged to Haloarchaea and were belonged to the genera: Haloarcula(30%), Halorubrum(27.5%), Haloferax(17.5%), Halobellus (10%), Halogeometricum(5.2%), Halobacterium(2.6%), Halolamina(2.6%), Halorhabdus (2.6%) and Halostagnicola (2.6%). Haloarcula and Halorubrum were the dominant populations. A total of 5 strains belonged to domain of Bacteria and were similar to members of Rhodovibrio (40%), Pseudomonas (40%) and Salicola (20%). INTRODUCTION Hypersaline environments like solar salterns and natural saline lakes provide ecosystems with low diversity and high population densities. In such ecosystems, fundamental questions like biodiversity, natural selection, biogeography and evolution can be investigated more conveniently. The sediments of these waters often consist of diverse microbial populations that have not been investigated completely [1, 2]. Different types of halophiles have confronted the problem of salinity stress (and other forms of stress) in different ways, so the study of microbial life in high salinity can be the answer to a vast majority of fundamental questions about the compatibility of microorganisms with their environments [3]. Hypersaline lakes often contain a large number of prokaryotes especially members of extremely halophilic archaea of the class Halobacteria. In such International Letters of Natural Sciences Submitted: 2016-06-02 ISSN: 2300-9675, Vol. 56, pp 40-51 Accepted: 2016-06-29 doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILNS.56.40 Online: 2016-07-08 2016 SciPress Ltd, Switzerland SciPress applies the CC-BY 4.0 license to works we publish: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ environments number of 10 7 -10 8 CFU/ml is not unusual. Members of Halobacteria are the most dominant microorganisms of hypersaline lakes, saltern crystallizer ponds, salt mines and also hypersaline alkaline lakes [4]. Halobacteria form a physiologically and phylogenetically distinct group of microorganisms and are characterized by their obligate halophile lifestyle and red coloration [5]. The development of red color in saline environments is a phenomenon which was observed thousand of years ago. Studies in the early 20 th century identified the cause and described several archaeal isolates [6]. Halophilic archaea can accumulate potassium ions intracellularly in order to balance the high salt content of saline environments. This ability differentiates this group from halophilic bacteria that produce compatible solutes like betaine and ectoine [7]. Due to the ability of survival in saline environments, halophilic microorganisms have great actual and potential capabilities in different fields of biotechnology. For instance, bacteriorhodopsins have some applications in holography, optical modulators, calculators and optical memories [8]. Production of biopolymers like biosurfactants and exopolysaccharides are considered as other applications of halophilic microorganisms [1, 2]. Iran has a great variety of hypersaline environments particularly hypersaline lakes. In recent years, great trends have been shown to researchers on hypersaline lakes of Iran which suggests the importance of these environments as important treasures of genetical and biological resources [4]. IncheBroun wetland as an instance of these unique ecosystems is an appropriate place for a survey of microbial diversity, particularly extremely halophilic microorganisms. IncheBroun wetland is located in the north of Iran (Golestan province). This wetland contains Iodine and an Iodine extraction plant is located in the vicinity of the wetland which drilled wells to a depth of 2500 meter and extracts waters containing iodine. During this process iodine, the effluent is released into the wetland. The eastern part of the wetland is affected by the effluents of the factory (pH 1.5) to the extent that the color of this part is changed to yellow to orange (color of iron) and the pH and composition of the wetland have been changed. Incheh Borun hypersaline wetland which was located in the north of Iran near the Turkmenistan border. This wetland is approximately 100 acres and has Mediterranean climate and also this wetland is remarkable because of salinity (280g/l) and variation of pH range (2.8 to 6.8). Sampling from IncheBroun wetland was conducted to evaluate changes in population during rainy and dry seasons. Similar investigations have been performed in other salt lakes of Iran, for instance, AranBidgol salt lake [1, 9]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample collection and physical-chemical determination Sampling from IncheBroun wetland (Golestan province, north of Iran) was carried out in May and September 2014 and in each sampling 4 distinct regions were analyzed. The exact geographical location of each site was recorded with GPS device. A total of 22 samples were taken from water, sediments and soils. The samples were taken aseptically and transferred to the lab within 24 h. Temperature and pH were measured at each sampling site. Salinity and pH were also determined with a Multimeter. The soils and sediments of each sample were suspended in sterile 23 % NaCl solution and homogenized by stirring and vortexing then serially diluted up to 10 -6 . 100 μl of selected dilutions were surface-plated on four different media including: 1-MGM 23% (pH 7.2-7.3): NaCl, 184; MgCl2 .6H2O, 23; MgSO4.7H2O, 26.8; KCl, 5.3; CaCl2, 0.8; peptone, 10; yeast extract, 2; distilled water, 1000ml.2-JCM 168 (pH 5.2): NaCl, 200; sodium glutamate, 1; trisodiumcitrate, 3; MgSO4.7H2O, 20; KCl, 2; FeCl2.4H2O, 0.0036 mg; MnCl2.4H2O, 0.00036; yeast extracts, 5; Casamino acids, 5; agar, 20; distilled water, 1000ml.3-MH1 (pH 5.2): NaCl, 200; L-glutamic acid, 2; trisodiumcitrate,2;K2SO4, 5; MgCl2.6H2O, 1; NH4Cl, 1; FeSO4.7H2O, 0.004; yeast extracts, 2; casamino acids, 5; agar, 20; distilled water, 1000ml.4-An alkaliphilic medium (pH 9.3): NaCl, 200; KH2PO4, 1; MgSO4.7H2O, 0.2; Na2CO3 , 18; casaminocacids, 5; agar, 20; distilled water, 1000ml. Water samples were filtered through 0.22μ Millipore filter and each filter was placed on each of four media. All of the plates were incubated at 40 °C for 3 weeks. International Letters of Natural Sciences Vol. 56 41

Developing a New Method for the Architectural Design Process: An Experimental Study Using Found-Object Art in the Design Studio

Abstract: By the late twentieth century, the use of digital media for the design process had become epidemic amongst the designer communities. This paper aims to explore the place of human creativity. In this way, the present study is an attempt to develop a new medium as a tool for the architectural design process by using Found-Object Art. To identify the opportunities of this medium, an experimental study was carried out in some notable universities in Iran. Findings demonstrate that the metaphor as a meaning-making tool for idea generation and Found-Object Art as a physical tool can provide a creative tool to present the idea in a real form. Findings in the study show that the students tried to think in a different way about the objects surrounding them which had previously been ignored. Through analysis of the design projects, it can be said that this medium is a motivating factor for innovative design.