Kazan Federal University

About: Kazan Federal University is a education organization based out in Kazan’, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Chemistry. The organization has 9868 authors who have published 14390 publications receiving 135726 citations. The organization is also known as: Kazan (Volga region) Federal University & Kazan State University.

Role of Extracellular RNA in Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation in Mice

Abstract: Background—Atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling after injury are driven by inflammation and mononuclear cell infiltration. Extracellular RNA (eRNA) has recently been implicated to become enriched at sites of tissue damage and to act as a proinflammatory mediator. Here, we addressed the role of eRNA in high-fat diet–induced atherosclerosis and neointima formation after injury in atherosclerosis-prone mice. Methods and Results—The presence of eRNA was revealed in atherosclerotic lesions from high-fat diet–fed low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient (Ldlr−/−) mice in a time-progressive fashion. RNase activity in plasma increased within the first 2 weeks (44±9 versus 70±7 mU/mg protein; P=0.0012), followed by a decrease to levels below baseline after 4 weeks of high-fat diet (44±9 versus 12±2 mU/mg protein; P<0.0001). Exposure of bone marrow–derived macrophages to eRNA resulted in a concentration-dependent upregulation of the proinflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-α, arginase-2, interleukin-1β,...

Equation of state constraints for the cold dense matter inside neutron stars using the cooling tail method

Abstract: The cooling phase of thermonuclear (type-I) X-ray bursts can be used to constrain the neutron star (NS) compactness by comparing the observed cooling tracks of bursts to accurate theoretical atmosphere model calculations. By applying the so-called cooling tail method, where the information from the whole cooling track is used, we constrain the mass, radius, and distance for three different NSs in low-mass X-ray binaries 4U 1702-429, 4U 1724-307, and SAX J1810.8-260. Care is taken to only use the hard state bursts where it is thought that only the NS surface alone is emitting. We then utilize a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm within a Bayesian framework to obtain a parameterized equation of state (EoS) of cold dense matter from our initial mass and radius constraints. This allows us to set limits on various nuclear parameters and to constrain an empirical pressure-density relation for the dense matter. Our predicted EoS results in NS radius between 10.5-12.8 km (95% confidence limits) for a mass of 1.4 $M_{\odot}$. Due to systematic errors and uncertainty in the composition these results should be interpreted as lower limits for the radius.

Targeted blockade of JAK/STAT3 signaling inhibits ovarian carcinoma growth

Abstract: Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is the fifth leading cause of death among women in the United States. Persistent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) is frequently detected in OC. STAT3 is activated by Janus family kinases (JAK) via cytokine receptors, growth factor receptor and non-growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. Activation of STAT3 mediates tumor cell proliferation, survival, motility, invasion, and angiogenesis, and recent work demonstrates that STAT3 activation suppresses anti-tumor immune responses and supports tumor-promoting inflammation. We hypothesized that therapeutic targeting of the JAK/STAT3 pathway would inhibit tumor growth by direct effects on OC cells and by inhibition of cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). To test this, we evaluated the effects of a small molecule JAK inhibitor, AZD1480, on cell viability, apoptosis, proliferation, migration and adhesion of OC cells in vitro. We then evaluated the effects of AZD1480 on in vivo tumor growth and progression, gene expression, tumor-associated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and immune cell populations in a transgenic mouse model of OC. AZD1480-treatment inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and DNA binding, and migration and adhesion of cultured OC cells and ovarian tumor growth rate, volume and ascites production in mice. In addition, drug treatment led to altered gene expression, decreased tumor-associated MMP activity, and fewer suppressor T cells in the peritoneal tumor microenvironment of tumor-bearing mice than control mice. Taken together, our results show pharmacological inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway leads to disruption of functions essential for ovarian tumor growth and progression and represents a promising therapeutic strategy.

Pasture degradation modifies the water and carbon cycles of the Tibetan highlands

Abstract: The Tibetan Plateau has a significant role with re- gard to atmospheric circulation and the monsoon in partic- ular. Changes between a closed plant cover and open bare soil are one of the striking effects of land use degradation observed with unsustainable range management or climate change, but experiments investigating changes of surface properties and processes together with atmospheric feed- backs are rare and have not been undertaken in the world's two largest alpine ecosystems, the alpine steppe and the Ko- bresia pygmaea pastures of the Tibetan Plateau. We con- nected measurements of micro-lysimeter, chamber, 13 C la- belling, and eddy covariance and combined the observations with land surface and atmospheric models, adapted to the highland conditions. This allowed us to analyse how three degradation stages affect the water and carbon cycle of pas- tures on the landscape scale within the core region of the

On the Bohr inequality with a fixed zero coefficient

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce the study of the Bohr phenomenon for a quasi-subordination family of functions, and establish the classical Bohr's inequality for the class of quasisubordinate functions. As a consequence, we improve and obtain the exact version of the classical Bohr's inequality for bounded analytic functions and also for $K$-quasiconformal harmonic mappings by replacing the constant term by the absolute value of the analytic part of the given function. We also obtain the Bohr radius for the subordination family of odd analytic functions.