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22 Mar 1996TL;DR: In this article, a split proxy interface between a protected computer or computer network and the World Wide Web (WWW) is proposed. But it is not suitable for high latency systems.
Abstract: An interface between a protected computer or computer network and the World Wide Web (WWW). The interface comprises a split proxy system that encapsulates TCP/IP transmissions into a script transmission, which is not subject to problems in high latency systems, thereby greatly improving WWW access, via a wireless modem or other low-bandwidth communications network. The split proxy interface also provides compression, encryption and filtering capabilities and allows receipt of unsolicited transmissions from the service provider for such purposes as automatically updating or configuring WWW access software.
639 citations
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01 May 1988TL;DR: Initial tests find this completely automatic method widely applicable and a promising way to improve users' access to many kinds of textual materials, or to objects and services for which textual descriptions are available.
Abstract: This paper describes a new approach for dealing with the vocabulary problem in human-computer interaction. Most approaches to retrieving textual materials depend on a lexical match between words in users' requests and those in or assigned to database objects. Because of the tremendous diversity in the words people use to describe the same object, lexical matching methods are necessarily incomplete and imprecise [5]. The latent semantic indexing approach tries to overcome these problems by automatically organizing text objects into a semantic structure more appropriate for matching user requests. This is done by taking advantage of implicit higher-order structure in the association of terms with text objects. The particular technique used is singular-value decomposition, in which a large term by text-object matrix is decomposed into a set of about 50 to 150 orthogonal factors from which the original matrix can be approximated by linear combination. Terms and objects are represented by 50 to 150 dimensional vectors and matched against user queries in this “semantic” space. Initial tests find this completely automatic method widely applicable and a promising way to improve users' access to many kinds of textual materials, or to objects and services for which textual descriptions are available.
638 citations
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TL;DR: A firm can be described as vertically integrated if it encompasses two single-output production processes in which either (1) the output of the upstream process is employed as part or all of the quantity of one intermediate input into the downstream process or (2) the entire quantity of a single intermediate input to the downstream operation is obtained from the output from the upstream operation.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The theory of vertical integration is situated at the intersection of the theory of the firm, the theory of contracts, and the theory of markets. A firm can be described as vertically integrated if it encompasses two single-output production processes in which either (1) the entire output of the upstream process is employed as part or all of the quantity of one intermediate input into the downstream process or (2) the entire quantity of one intermediate input into the downstream process is obtained from part or all of the output of the upstream process. This includes the more restrictive criterion that the entire output of the upstream subsidiary be employed as all of the quantity of one intermediate input into the downstream process. There are three broad determinants of vertical integration: technological economies, transactional economies, and market imperfections. Vertical integration may arise from technological economies of integration. In particular, less of the other intermediate inputs may be required to obtain the same output in the downstream process when the firm has integrated one of the upstream processes.
633 citations
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TL;DR: This work has identified one particular dielectric ``crystal'' which actually has a ``photonic band gap'' and requires a refractive index contrast greater than 3 to 1, which happens to be readily obtainable in semiconductor materials.
Abstract: We employ the concepts of band theory to describe the behavior of electromagnetic waves in three dimensionally periodic face-centered-cubic (fcc) dielectric structures. This can produce a ``photonic band gap'' in which optical modes, spontaneous emission, and zero-point fluctuations are all absent. In the course of a broad experimental survey, we have found that most fcc dielectric structures have ``semimetallic'' band structure. Nevertheless, we have identified one particular dielectric ``crystal'' which actually has a ``photonic band gap.'' This dielectric structure, consisting of 86% empty space, requires a refractive index contrast greater than 3 to 1, which happens to be readily obtainable in semiconductor materials.
628 citations
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21 Apr 1998TL;DR: In this article, a Personal Communications Internet Workstation (PCIWS) provides a personal communications internetwork providing a network subscriber with the ability to remotely control the receipt and delivery of wireless and wireline electronic text messages.
Abstract: A personal communications internetwork provides a personal communications internetwork providing a network subscriber with the ability to remotely control the receipt and delivery of wireless and wireline electronic text messages. The network operates as an interface between wireless and wireline networks. The subscriber's message receipt and delivery options are maintained in a database which the subscriber may access by wireless or wireline communications to update the options programmed in the database.
607 citations
Authors
Showing all 3097 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Joseph E. Stiglitz | 164 | 1142 | 152469 |
Pete Smith | 156 | 2464 | 138819 |
Jean-Marie Tarascon | 136 | 853 | 137673 |
Ramamoorthy Ramesh | 122 | 649 | 67418 |
Martin Vetterli | 105 | 761 | 57825 |
Noga Alon | 104 | 895 | 44575 |
Amit P. Sheth | 101 | 753 | 42655 |
Harold G. Craighead | 101 | 569 | 40357 |
Susan T. Dumais | 100 | 346 | 60206 |
Andrzej Cichocki | 97 | 952 | 41471 |
Robert E. Kraut | 97 | 297 | 38116 |
Kishor S. Trivedi | 95 | 698 | 36816 |
David R. Clarke | 90 | 553 | 36039 |
Axel Scherer | 90 | 736 | 43939 |
Michael R. Lyu | 89 | 696 | 33257 |