Showing papers by "Texas Christian University published in 2013"
TL;DR: In this article, a simple linear regression between log10 transformed mercury (Hg) concentration and stable nitrogen isotope values (δ15N), hereafter called trophic magnification slope (TMS), was used to represent the overall degree of Hg biomagnification.
Abstract: The slope of the simple linear regression between log10 transformed mercury (Hg) concentration and stable nitrogen isotope values (δ15N), hereafter called trophic magnification slope (TMS), from several trophic levels in a food web can represent the overall degree of Hg biomagnification. We compiled data from 69 studies that determined total Hg (THg) or methyl Hg (MeHg) TMS values in 205 aquatic food webs worldwide. Hg TMS values were compared against physicochemical and biological factors hypothesized to affect Hg biomagnification in aquatic systems. Food webs ranged across 1.7 ± 0.7 (mean ± SD) and 1.8 ± 0.8 trophic levels (calculated using δ15N from baseline to top predator) for THg and MeHg, respectively. The average trophic level (based on δ15N) of the upper-trophic-level organisms in the food web was 3.7 ± 0.8 and 3.8 ± 0.8 for THg and MeHg food webs, respectively. For MeHg, the mean TMS value was 0.24 ± 0.08 but varied from 0.08 to 0.53 and was, on average, 1.5 times higher than that for THg with a...
634 citations
University of Virginia1, Ohio State University2, Texas Christian University3, University of Michigan4, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro5, INAF6, Yerkes National Primate Research Center7, United States Department of the Navy8, Princeton University9, Lowell Observatory10, Pennsylvania State University11, University of La Laguna12, Spanish National Research Council13, University of Franche-Comté14, New Mexico State University15, University of Arizona16, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul17, Liverpool John Moores University18, University of Texas at Austin19
TL;DR: The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) is a high-resolution infrared spectroscopic survey spanning all Galactic environments (i.e., bulge, disk, and halo), with the principal goal of constraining dynamical and chemical evolution models of the Milky Way as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) is a high-resolution infrared spectroscopic survey spanning all Galactic environments (i.e., bulge, disk, and halo), with the principal goal of constraining dynamical and chemical evolution models of the Milky Way. APOGEE takes advantage of the reduced effects of extinction at infrared wavelengths to observe the inner Galaxy and bulge at an unprecedented level of detail. The survey's broad spatial and wavelength coverage enables users of APOGEE data to address numerous Galactic structure and stellar populations issues. In this paper we describe the APOGEE targeting scheme and document its various target classes to provide the necessary background and reference information to analyze samples of APOGEE data with awareness of the imposed selection criteria and resulting sample properties. APOGEE's primary sample consists of ~105 red giant stars, selected to minimize observational biases in age and metallicity. We present the methodology and considerations that drive the selection of this sample and evaluate the accuracy, efficiency, and caveats of the selection and sampling algorithms. We also describe additional target classes that contribute to the APOGEE sample, including numerous ancillary science programs, and we outline the targeting data that will be included in the public data releases.
421 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors draw from diverse disciplines to frame research concerning entrepreneurship in the informal economy around three separate theories: institutional theory, motivation-related theories from a sociological perspective, and resource allocation theory.
412 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on how entrepreneurship can help to solve poverty and how to help those living in poverty create their own businesses, rather than viewing those in poverty as a market for goods.
404 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated whether CSR performance affects information asymmetry and found that both positive and negative CSR performances reduce the information asymmetric effect of bias in bid-ask spread.
383 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors posit that a supply chain organization's internal integration competence provides complementary information processing capabilities required to yield expected responsiveness from greater supply chain visibility, and an analysis of data from 206 firms strongly supports this hypothesis.
310 citations
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center1, University of Maryland, College Park2, Oregon Health & Science University3, Drexel University College of Nursing and Health Professions4, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio5, Missouri State University6, University of Alabama in Huntsville7, Delaware State University8, Villanova University9, Texas Christian University10
TL;DR: In this article, the debriefing process is the most important component of a simulation-based learning experience, and debriefers should be trained to promote reflective thinking in order to integrate knowledge, skills and attitudes with pre-existing knowledge.
299 citations
TL;DR: The authors offer three post hoc tenets that represent initial components of a theory of relationship dynamics that integrates two streams of relationship marketing research into a unified perspective.
Abstract: The dynamic components of relational constructs should play an important role in driving performance. To take an initial step toward a theory of relationship dynamics, the authors introduce the construct of commitment velocity— or the rate and direction of change in commitment—and articulate its important role in understanding relationships. In two studies, the authors demonstrate that commitment velocity has a strong impact on performance, beyond the impact of the level of commitment. In Study 1, modeling six years of longitudinal data in a latent growth curve analysis, the authors empirically demonstrate the significance of commitment velocity as a predictor of performance. In Study 2, the authors use matched multiple-source data to investigate the drivers of commitment velocity. Both customer trust and dynamic capabilities for creating value through exchange relationships (i.e., communication capabilities for exploring and investment capabilities for exploiting opportunities) affect commitment...
274 citations
TL;DR: This course aims to introduce students to the concept of simulation as a natural extension of clinical practice in the context of a nursing school.
256 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a research model based on a relational view, delineating the factors that influence hospital supply chain performance: trust, knowledge exchange, IT integration between the hospital and its suppliers, and hospital-supplier integration.
246 citations
TL;DR: Brown and Peterson as mentioned in this paper performed a meta-analysis on salesperson job satisfaction that provides an important synthesis of research in this area and demonstrated the consistency of several research results concerning key antecedents and consequences of job satisfaction.
Abstract: Job satisfaction has been one of the most studied variables in seeking to understand employee behaviors and attitudes. This has been especially true in sales research because salesperson job satisfaction has been shown to impact a number of key job related attitudes (organizational commitment) and behaviors (potential turnover of salespeople) (Johnston, Parasuraman, Futrell, and Black 1990; Behrman and Perreault 1984). Brown and Peterson (1993) performed a meta-analysis on salesperson job satisfaction that provides an important synthesis of research in this area. Moreover, Brown and Peterson (1994) demonstrated the consistency of several research results concerning key antecedents and consequences of job satisfaction. Importantly, they also point to certain inconclusive findings such as the role of the salesperson performance construct in the job satisfaction model.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that if sustainability enhancing innovations introduced in developing countries are to stick, they need to be designed with local customers, networks, and business ecosystems in mind, and illustrate this view using case examples from mobile telephony, fuel efficient stoves, clean drinking water, and household electrification.
Abstract: To date, a well-developed business perspective on how to promote sustainability for those in poverty is sorely lacking. For sustainability enhancing innovations in developing countries, poverty presents unique challenges. In this paper, we argue that if sustainability enhancing innovations introduced in developing countries are to stick, they need to be designed with local customers, networks, and business ecosystems in mind. We illustrate this view using case examples from mobile telephony, fuel efficient stoves, clean drinking water, and household electrification. Our paper underscores the need for today's managers to understand poverty as an integral part of the sustainability nexus and the new international business equation.
Spanish National Research Council1, University of La Laguna2, New Mexico State University3, University of Virginia4, Liverpool John Moores University5, Yale University6, University of Birmingham7, University of Arizona8, Ohio State University9, Texas Christian University10, Paris Diderot University11, University of Amsterdam12, University of Vienna13, University of Texas at Austin14, Australian Astronomical Observatory15, University of Michigan16
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe empirical calibrations of stellar parameters presented in the first SDSS-III APOGEE data release (DR10), enabled by observations of 559 stars in 20 globular and open clusters.
Abstract: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) is a three-year survey that is collecting 105 high-resolution spectra in the near-IR across multiple Galactic populations. To derive stellar parameters and chemical compositions from this massive data set, the APOGEE Stellar Parameters and Chemical Abundances Pipeline (ASPCAP) has been developed. Here, we describe empirical calibrations of stellar parameters presented in the first SDSS-III APOGEE data release (DR10). These calibrations were enabled by observations of 559 stars in 20 globular and open clusters. The cluster observations were supplemented by observations of stars in NASA's Kepler field that have well determined surface gravities from asteroseismic analysis. We discuss the accuracy and precision of the derived stellar parameters, considering especially effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity; we also briefly discuss the derived results for the abundances of the α-elements, carbon, and nitrogen. Overall, we find that ASPCAP achieves reasonably accurate results for temperature and metallicity, but suffers from systematic errors in surface gravity. We derive calibration relations that bring the raw ASPCAP results into better agreement with independently determined stellar parameters. The internal scatter of ASPCAP parameters within clusters suggests that metallicities are measured with a precision better than 0.1 dex, effective temperatures better than 150 K, and surface gravities better than 0.2 dex. The understanding provided by the clusters and Kepler giants on the current accuracy and precision will be invaluable for future improvements of the pipeline.
TL;DR: Recommendations are provided as to how organizations can develop CIO-TMT structural, cognitive, and relational social capital to positively influence firm performance via IS strategic alignment.
Abstract: The paper empirically examines the effects of social capital of the relationship between the chief information officer (CIO) and top management team (TMT) on organizational value creation based on responses from CIOs and matched TMT respondents from 81 hospitals in the United States. Specifically, we theorize how the three dimensions of social capital—structural, cognitive, and relational social capital—facilitate knowledge exchange and combination between the CIO and TMT resulting in the alignment between the organization's information systems (IS) strategy and business strategy. Results show that IS alignment significantly influences the firm's financial performance and mediates the relationship between CIO-TMT social capital and performance. The findings also indicate that cognitive and relational social capital influence information systems strategic alignment but that structural social capital exerts its influence through its effects on cognitive social capital. Recommendations are provided as to how...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that institutional change moves through stages punctuated by recurring attempts to formally redefine the boundaries and logics of organizational fields that institutional entrepreneurs initially establish.
TL;DR: The authors in this article reviewed the existing literature and the major definitions used to date for emerging economies and developed a framework for the analysis of where strategic entrepreneurship in emerging economies now stands that, in turn, allows us to develop an understanding of where the field needs to move in the future.
Abstract: The goals of the special issue are to: (1) publish work that builds knowledge about the nature of strategic and entrepreneurial activities in emerging economies, as well as their antecedents and consequences; and (2) develop a theoretical foundation for future research. In this introduction to the special issue, we initially review the existing literature and the major definitions used to date for emerging economies. We then develop a framework for the analysis of where strategic entrepreneurship in emerging economies now stands that, in turn, allows us to develop an understanding of where the field needs to move in the future. We subsequently identify how each article in this special issue informs our research questions as we develop an agenda for future research.
TL;DR: It is found that similarities (and differences) between leaders' and their teams' power distance values can have consequential effects on teams' justice climate and, ultimately, their effectiveness (viz., team performance and team organizational citizenship behavior).
Abstract: We examine the effect of (in)congruence between leaders' and teams' power distance values on team effectiveness. We hypothesize that the (in)congruence between these values would differentially predict team effectiveness, with procedural justice climate serving as a mediator. Using multisource data and polynomial regression, we found that similarities (and differences) between leaders' and their teams' power distance values can have consequential effects on teams' justice climate and, ultimately, their effectiveness (viz., team performance and team organizational citizenship behavior). We conclude that to fully understand the implications of power distance, one should consider the multiple perspectives of both leaders and team members.
TL;DR: A paucity of empirical research on how strategic leaders are challenged by stakeholder demands that organizations meet triple bottom-line performance measures is identified in this paper, but no empirical research is available.
Abstract: Strategic leaders are being challenged by stakeholder demands that organizations meet triple bottom line performance measures. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of empirical research on how strategic...
Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam1, Dresden University of Technology2, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul3, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro4, INAF5, Centre national de la recherche scientifique6, Heidelberg University7, University of Birmingham8, Pennsylvania State University9, Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics10, University of Arizona11, Spanish National Research Council12, New Mexico State University13, Texas Christian University14, University of Virginia15, Ohio State University16, University of Michigan17, University of Franche-Comté18, Liverpool John Moores University19, University of Texas at Austin20, Vanderbilt University21, Johns Hopkins University22
TL;DR: In this article, the chemo-kinematic properties of the Milky Way disc were investigated by exploring the first year of data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), and compared their results to smaller optical high-resolution samples in the literature, as well as results from lower resolution surveys such as GCS, SEGUE and RAVE.
Abstract: We investigate the chemo-kinematic properties of the Milky Way disc by exploring the first year of data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), and compare our results to smaller optical high-resolution samples in the literature, as well as results from lower resolution surveys such as GCS, SEGUE and RAVE. We start by selecting a high-quality sample in terms of chemistry ($\sim$ 20.000 stars) and, after computing distances and orbital parameters for this sample, we employ a number of useful subsets to formulate constraints on Galactic chemical and chemodynamical evolution processes in the Solar neighbourhood and beyond (e.g., metallicity distributions -- MDFs, [$\alpha$/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] diagrams, and abundance gradients). Our red giant sample spans distances as large as 10 kpc from the Sun.
We find remarkable agreement between the recently published local (d $<$ 100 pc) high-resolution high-S/N HARPS sample and our local HQ sample (d $<$ 1 kpc). The local MDF peaks slightly below solar metallicity, and exhibits an extended tail towards [Fe/H] $= -$1, whereas a sharper cut-off is seen at larger metallicities. The APOGEE data also confirm the existence of a gap in the [$\alpha$/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] abundance diagram. When expanding our sample to cover three different Galactocentric distance bins, we find the high-[$\alpha$/Fe] stars to be rare towards the outer zones, as previously suggested in the literature. For the gradients in [Fe/H] and [$\alpha$/Fe], measured over a range of 6 $ < $ R $ <$ 11 kpc in Galactocentric distance, we find a good agreement with the gradients traced by the GCS and RAVE dwarf samples. For stars with 1.5 $<$ z $<$ 3 kpc, we find a positive metallicity gradient and a negative gradient in [$\alpha$/Fe].
Texas Christian University1, University of Texas at Dallas2, Ohio State University3, University of Virginia4, University of La Laguna5, Spanish National Research Council6, New Mexico State University7, University of Michigan8, Liverpool John Moores University9, Pennsylvania State University10, University of Texas at Austin11, University of Arizona12
TL;DR: The first contribution from the OCCAM survey presents analysis of 141 members stars in 28 open clusters with high-resolution metallicities derived from a large uniform sample collected as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III/Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment.
Abstract: The Open Cluster Chemical Analysis and Mapping (OCCAM) survey aims to produce a comprehensive, uniform, infrared-based data set for hundreds of open clusters, and constrain key Galactic dynamical and chemical parameters from this sample. This first contribution from the OCCAM survey presents analysis of 141 members stars in 28 open clusters with high-resolution metallicities derived from a large uniform sample collected as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III/Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment. This sample includes the first high-resolution metallicity measurements for 22 open clusters. With this largest ever uniformly observed sample of open cluster stars we investigate the Galactic disk gradients of both [M/H] and [?/M]. We find basically no gradient in [?/M] across 7.9 kpc ? R GC ? 14.5?kpc, but [M/H] does show a gradient for R GC < 10?kpc and a significant flattening beyond R GC = 10?kpc. In particular, whereas fitting a single linear trend yields an [M/H] gradient of ?0.09 ? 0.03?dex?kpc?1?similar to previously measure gradients inside 13?kpc?by independently fitting inside and outside 10?kpc separately we find a significantly steeper gradient near the Sun (7.9 ? R GC ? 10) than previously found (?0.20 ? 0.08?dex?kpc?1) and a nearly flat trend beyond 10?kpc (?0.02 ? 0.09?dex?kpc?1).
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio1, Oregon Health & Science University2, University of Central Florida3, Lethbridge College4, Lincoln Land Community College5, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center6, Missouri State University7, University of Alabama in Huntsville8, Villanova University9, Delaware State University10, Texas Christian University11
TL;DR: In this paper, a facilitator guides and supports participants to understand and achieve the objectives of the case and their thought processes used in decision making, and engages the participants in searching for evidence-based practice solutions to foster skill development, clinical judgment, and reasoning.
TL;DR: Two generally applicable systems have been developed for the cross-coupling of P(O)H compounds with Csp2X and related partners as discussed by the authors, using a ligand/additive combination, typically either xantphos/ethylene glycol or 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene/1,2-dimethoxyethane, with diisopropylethylamine as the base.
Abstract: Two generally applicable systems have been developed for the cross-coupling of P(O)H compounds with Csp2X and related partners. Palladium catalysis using a ligand/additive combination, typically either xantphos/ethylene glycol or 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene/1,2-dimethoxyethane, with diisopropylethylamine as the base, proved to be generally useful for the synthesis of numerous PC containing compounds. Routinely, 2 mol% of catalyst are employed (less than half the amount typically employed in most other literature reports). In most cases, excellent results are obtained with a variety of electrophiles (RX, where R=alkenyl, allyl, alkynyl, etc.). The full account of our studies is disclosed, including tandem hydrophosphinylation/coupling and coupling/coupling for doubly catalytic phosphorus-carbon bond formation. The methodology compares favorably with any existing literature report. The use of an additive appears to be a generally useful strategy to control the reactivity of phosphinylidene compounds.
TL;DR: In this paper, the psychometric properties of the adaptive selling scale (ADAPTS) developed by Spiro and Weitz (1990) were investigated and a multiple industry sample of 1042 salespeople was employed.
Abstract: This study investigates the psychometric properties of the adaptive selling scale (ADAPTS) developed by Spiro and Weitz (1990). A multiple industry sample of 1042 salespeople is employed, which pro...
TL;DR: Previously published experimental data of the dynamics and role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, antibodies, and interferon are assembled and qualitative key features of their effect are determined that should be captured by mathematical models.
Abstract: The role of the host immune response in determining the severity and duration of an influenza infection is still unclear. In order to identify severity factors and more accurately predict the course of an influenza infection within a human host, an understanding of the impact of host factors on the infection process is required. Despite the lack of sufficiently diverse experimental data describing the time course of the various immune response components, published mathematical models were constructed from limited human or animal data using various strategies and simplifying assumptions. To assess the validity of these models, we assemble previously published experimental data of the dynamics and role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, antibodies, and interferon and determined qualitative key features of their effect that should be captured by mathematical models. We test these existing models by confronting them with experimental data and find that no single model agrees completely with the variety of influenza viral kinetics responses observed experimentally when various immune response components are suppressed. Our analysis highlights the strong and weak points of each mathematical model and highlights areas where additional experimental data could elucidate specific mechanisms, constrain model design, and complete our understanding of the immune response to influenza.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the different forms of such separation: apprentice, departure, and demotion, and test theory about the permanency of CEO-board chair separation.
Abstract: Past research has consistently shown that separation of CEO and board chair roles has no systematic effect on firm performance. In this study, we introduce the different forms of such separation: apprentice, departure, and demotion. In a study of Standard & Poor's (S&P) 1500 and Fortune 1000 firms, we find that separation of the two leadership roles positively impacts future firm performance when current performance is poor, but negatively impacts future firm performance when current performance is high. We find that this effect is most dramatic for demotion separations. Finally, we test theory about the permanency of CEO-board chair separation. Our results show that the different types of CEO-board chair separation have very distinct consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a random sample of new ventures to examine the interactive effects on firm performance of entrepreneurs' improvisational behavior with key dispositional and environmental variables, and found that the relationship between improvisational behaviour and firm performance was significantly more negative for entrepreneurs who were high in optimism than it was for those who were moderate in optimism.
Abstract: Previous research indicates that improvisation—the deliberate extemporaneous composition and execution of novel action—is a key form of entrepreneurial behavior. It has been argued, however, that entrepreneurs’ improvisational behavior does not necessarily result in performance gains for their firms. Instead, a contingency perspective suggests that the effectiveness of entrepreneurs’ improvisational behavior depends on key moderating variables. Drawing on this framework, the current study uses a national (U.S.) random sample of new ventures to examine the interactive effects on firm performance of entrepreneurs’ improvisational behavior with key dispositional and environmental variables. Consistent with predictions, findings indicated that within the context of dynamic environments, the relationship between improvisational behavior and firm performance was significantly more negative for entrepreneurs who were high in optimism than it was for those who were moderate in optimism. In contrast, within the context of stable environments, results demonstrated marginally significant evidence that entrepreneurs’ improvisational behavior was more positively associated with firm performance for entrepreneurs who were high in optimism than it was for those who were moderate in optimism. Overall, results suggest that improvisational behavior can be an effective form of entrepreneurial action within rapidly and unpredictably shifting environments, but only when coupled with realistic levels of optimism. Copyright © 2012 Strategic Management Society.
TL;DR: This paper investigated how job seekers respond to recruitment activities and found that recruitment activities increased the initial attraction of job seekers to organizations and increased their initial attraction to the organizations, but they did not investigate how they responded to the recruitment activities.
Abstract: While a great deal of research has investigated strategies for increasing job seekers' initial attraction to organizations, far less is known about how job seekers respond to recruitment activities...
TL;DR: Challenges encountered during the efforts to develop and test a prototype version of the game are discussed and concrete and practical strategies for addressing these challenges are presented.
Abstract: Interest is growing in gamification, the use of game techniques and mechanics to engage and motivate. Future predictions suggest that this interest will continue to grow especially in the use of games to change individual behavior. However, applying gamification concepts and principles is challenging. Despite the growing interest, few gamification efforts have documented the challenges associated with the game development and application process. This article illustrates how gamification concepts and principles were applied to the development of an online, multiuser, substance abuse, and relationship violence prevention game for youths. We discuss challenges encountered during the efforts to develop and test a prototype version of the game and then present concrete and practical strategies for addressing these challenges. This article provides guidance for other researchers and practitioners who may want to gamify human service processes and use gamification techniques within a behavior change framework.
TL;DR: A great leap forward toward the general synthesis of P-stereogenic compounds: Heating H3 PO2 with (-)-menthol and paraformaldehyde gives easily crystallized menthyl hydroxymethyl-H-phosphinate.
Abstract: A great leap forward toward the general synthesis of P-stereogenic compounds: Heating H3 PO2 with (-)-menthol and paraformaldehyde gives easily crystallized menthyl hydroxymethyl-H-phosphinate (1). From this product, virtually any P-stereogenic compound can be synthesized.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the motives and actions of regular citizens who use their computer skills to identify, track and collect information on the activities of suspected criminal offenders, and suggest that these collectives and their members are a potentially useful, if under-valued, component of cyber-security networks.
Abstract: The distributed nature of the Internet requires that security issues be addressed through collaborative efforts within and across various sets of public and private actors. Drawing on nodal governance theory, this article explores one aspect of the role that the general public can and does play in the field of cyber-security: civilian policing of the Internet. In particular, we examine the motives and actions of regular citizens, who use their computer skills to identify, track and collect information on the activities of suspected criminal offenders. Whereas some groups use such information to engage in vigilante acts, the groups that we study work cooperatively with police, collecting information to pass onto criminal justice agencies. We suggest that these collectives and their members are a potentially useful, if under-valued, component of cyber-security networks.