University of Electro-Communications

About: University of Electro-Communications is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Robot. The organization has 8041 authors who have published 16950 publications receiving 235832 citations. The organization is also known as: UEC & Denki-Tsūshin Daigaku.

The Dynamic Quasiperpendicular Shock: Cluster Discoveries

Abstract: The physics of collisionless shocks is a very broad topic which has been studied for more than five decades. However, there are a number of important issues which remain unresolved. The energy repartition amongst particle populations in quasiperpendicular shocks is a multi-scale process related to the spatial and temporal structure of the electromagnetic fields within the shock layer. The most important processes take place in the close vicinity of the major magnetic transition or ramp region. The distribution of electromagnetic fields in this region determines the characteristics of ion reflection and thus defines the conditions for ion heating and energy dissipation for supercritical shocks and also the region where an important part of electron heating takes place. All of these processes are crucially dependent upon the characteristic spatial scales of the ramp and foot region provided that the shock is stationary. The earliest studies of collisionless shocks identified nonlinearity, dissipation, and dispersion as the processes that arrest the steepening of the shock transition. Their relative role determines the scales of electric and magnetic fields, and so control the characteristics of processes such as of ion reflection, electron heating and particle acceleration. The purpose of this review is to address a subset of unresolved problems in collisionless shock physics from experimental point of view making use multi-point observations onboard Cluster satellites. The problems we address are determination of scales of fields and of a scale of electron heating, identification of energy source of precursor wave train, an estimate of the role of anomalous resistivity in energy dissipation process by means of measuring short scale wave fields, and direct observation of reformation process during one single shock front crossing.

Collision-free tool path generation using 2-dimensional C-space for 5-axis control machining

Abstract: This study deals with the method of collision avoidance in the automatic tool path generation for 5-axis control machining. Five-axis NC machining offers the potential for efficient and accurate machining, but collisions between the tool and surrounding objects are still a severe problem. The method devised in this study avoids collision by producing the direction of collision avoidance, based on the 2-dimensional configuration space (C-space) defined by two parameters which determine the tool attitude. This method allows a test workpiece with overhanging parts to be milled without collisions. As a result, the validity of the method has been experimentally confirmed.

Wideband beamspace adaptive array utilizing FIR fan filters for multibeam forming

Abstract: We propose a a wideband beamspace adaptive array that uses FIR fan filters to construct a multibeam forming network. We also describe a method for designing such FIR fan filters. Approximation is achieved by combining spectral transformation and the window method such that the beam patterns including the sidelobe characteristics of the resulting fan filters are virtually frequency independent. This is a requirement of beamforming networks used in multibeam forming. Fan filters designed with the proposed method are used to demonstrate that the beam-space adaptive array can suppress interference signals having a wide fractional bandwidth and that the array has fast convergence.

Monolithic integration of InGaAsP/InP distributed feedback laser and electroabsorption modulator by vapor phase epitaxy

Abstract: Monolithic integration of a 1.55-μm InGaAsP/InP distributed feedback (DFB) laser and an electroabsorption (EA) modulator was studied. The difference between the lasing photon energy and the bandgap energy of the modulator waveguide was designed to be 30-40 meV, taking into account the linewidth-enhancement factor and the zero-bias absorption loss. The integrated devices were grown by three-step vapor phase epitaxy (VPE). The CW threshold current at 20°C of the DFB laser part with a buried heterostructure was 30-60 mA and the breakdown voltage of the modulator part with a strip-loaded stripe geometry was 20-40 V, and these values indicated satisfactory crystal quality in the VPE epitaxial layers. The operating voltage of the modulator to give on:off ratios of 10:1 and 100:1 was 1.5- 4 V and 2.5-6.5 V, respectively, depending on the length in the range 200-500 \mu m. A 3-dB bandwidth of about 2.5 GHz and a linewidth-enhancement factor of about 1.6 were obtained for the integrated modulator.

Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells: Effect of Nanostructured TiO2 Morphologies on Photovoltaic Properties

Abstract: There is a great deal of interest in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) fabricated with nanostructured TiO2 electrodes. Many different dye molecules have been designed and synthesized to achieve high photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Recently, as an alternative to organic dyes, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been studied for their light-harvesting capability compared with other sensitizers. Accordingly, an attractive configuration to exploit these fascinating properties of semiconductor QDs is the quantum-dot-sensitized solar cell (QDSC) due to their high photoactivity, process realization, and low cost of production. The morphology of TiO2 electrodes included with surface orientation is important for satisfactory assembly of QDSCs in order to improve the efficiency. Breakthroughs allowing an increase in efficiency will advance on two areas of electrode morphology control, namely, (A) TiO2 nanotube electrodes and (B) inverse opal TiO2 electrodes.