Showing papers by "University of Madras published in 2013"
Jackson Memorial Hospital1, University of Miami2, University of Paris-Sud3, United States Department of Veterans Affairs4, Case Western Reserve University5, Israel Ministry of Health6, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens7, National University of Ireland, Galway8, University of Verona9, University of Barcelona10, Rush University Medical Center11, University of Madras12, University of East Anglia13, Public Health England14, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention15, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital16, University of Calgary17, Peking University18, AstraZeneca19
TL;DR: The epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases across continents is summarized, issues around detection, present antibiotic options and those in development, treatment outcome and mortality, and infection control are discussed.
Abstract: Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) were originally identified in the USA in 1996. Since then, these versatile β-lactamases have spread internationally among Gram-negative bacteria, especially K pneumoniae, although their precise epidemiology is diverse across countries and regions. The mortality described among patients infected with organisms positive for KPC is high, perhaps as a result of the limited antibiotic options remaining (often colistin, tigecycline, or aminoglycosides). Triple drug combinations using colistin, tigecycline, and imipenem have recently been associated with improved survival among patients with bacteraemia. In this Review, we summarise the epidemiology of KPCs across continents, and discuss issues around detection, present antibiotic options and those in development, treatment outcome and mortality, and infection control. In view of the limitations of present treatments and the paucity of new drugs in the pipeline, infection control must be our primary defence for now.
1,314 citations
TL;DR: The photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes such as methylene blue and methyl orange in the presence of various percentages of composite catalyst under visible light irradiation was carried out by new thermal decomposition method, which is simple and cost effective.
911 citations
TL;DR: In this study, the catalysts were prepared by thermal decomposition method, which was employed for the first time in the preparation of ZnO/Ag nanocomposite catalysts, and results suggest better photocatalytic properties for 10 wt.% Ag sample compared to other samples.
525 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a nanorod of pure ZnO was synthesized by simple thermal decomposition method using direct calcination of zinc acetate dihydrate, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
450 citations
TL;DR: The photocatalytic activities of prepared catalysts were evaluated using the degradation of aqueous methylene blue solution as a model compound under visible light irradiation and results suggested that the prepared CeO 2/V2O5 and CeO2/CuO nanocomposites can generate more electrons and holes under visibleLight irradiation.
445 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes such as methylene blue and methyl orange in the presence of a catalyst like ZnO under UV light irradiation was investigated.
338 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the nanorods of Hg doped ZnO samples were prepared by a facile thermal decomposition method and the samples were characterized using various techniques.
290 citations
TL;DR: These biologically synthesized nanoparticles were proved to exhibit excellent cytotoxic effect on HeLa cell and the X-ray diffraction spectrum XRD pattern clearly indicates that the silver nanoparticles formed in the present synthesis were crystalline in nature.
270 citations
TL;DR: The preparation of ellagic acid encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (EA@ CS-NP) by ionic gelation method as an effective drug delivery for oral cancer treatment and the therapeutic efficacy of EA@CS-NP in human oral cancer cell line (KB) is evaluated using MTT and DNA fragmentation analysis.
226 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that CS/Alg/nSiO2 scaffolds may have potential applications for bone tissue engineering and the addition of nSiO 2 improved apatite deposition on these scaffolds.
207 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that AgNPs may exert its antiproliferative effects on colon cancer cell line by suppressing its growth, arresting the G0/G1-phase, reducing DNA synthesis and inducing apoptosis.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) on the corrosion behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel in 0.6 m NaCl was studied.
TL;DR: There is a compelling case for early ART for serodiscordant couples in resource-limited settings and early ART remained very cost-effective over a lifetime under most modeled assumptions in the two countries.
Abstract: Background The cost-effectiveness of early antiretroviral therapy (ART) in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in serodiscordant couples is not known. Using a computer simulation of the progression of HIV infection and data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 052 study, we projected the cost-effectiveness of early ART for such persons. Methods For HIV-infected partners in serodiscordant couples in South Africa and India, we compared the early initiation of ART with delayed ART. Five-year and lifetime outcomes included cumulative HIV transmissions, life-years, costs, and cost-effectiveness. We classified early ART as very cost-effective if its incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was less than the annual per capita gross domestic product (GDP; $8,100 in South Africa and $1,500 in India), as cost-effective if the ratio was less than three times the GDP, and as cost-saving if it resulted in a decrease in total costs and an increase in life-years, as compared with delayed ART. Results ...
TL;DR: In this article, a single step method for the synthesis of silver chloride nanoparticles (AgCl-NPs) using leaf extract of Cissus quadrangularis was demonstrated.
TL;DR: CPC exhibited antioxidant and antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells through apoptosis; nuclear apoptosis induction was accompanied by G0/G1 phase arrest and DNA fragmentation, and CPC is a natural pigment with potential as an anticancer agent.
TL;DR: The strategies involved in the characterization of fungal lipases, capable of degrading fatty substances, are narrated with a focus on further applications.
Abstract: Lipases are water-soluble enzymes that act on insoluble substrates and catalyze the hydrolysis of long-chain triglycerides. Lipases play a vital role in the food, detergent, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. In the past, fungal lipases gained significant attention in the industries due to their substrate specificity and stability under varied chemical and physical conditions. Fungal enzymes are extracellular in nature, and they can be extracted easily, which significantly reduces the cost and makes this source preferable over bacteria. Soil contaminated with spillage from the products of oil and dairy harbors fungal species, which have the potential to secrete lipases to degrade fats and oils. Herein, the strategies involved in the characterization of fungal lipases, capable of degrading fatty substances, are narrated with a focus on further applications.
TL;DR: The beneficial effects of berberine are revealed against bleomycin mediated fibrotic challenge through activating Nrf2 and suppressing NF-κB dependent inflammatory and TGF-β1 mediated Fibrotic events.
TL;DR: Results indicated that the anticancer activity of F2 could be related to its sulfate content, however, the antioxidant activities of F1–F3 were low at their tested concentrations.
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of bismuth ferrite (BFO) by a facile wet chemical hydro-evaporation (HE) method and the effect of different annealing temperatures on the phase evolution, morphology, physical properties of the synthesized BFO were reported.
TL;DR: Findings show that embelin could improve adipose tissue insulin sensitivity without increasing weight gain, enhance glycemic control, protect β-cell from damage and maintain glucose homeostasis in adiposity tissue.
TL;DR: The present paper focuses on the ecotoxic effects and mechanisms of nanomaterials on microorganisms, plants, and other organisms including humans.
Abstract: Nanotechnology is a science of producing and utilizing nanosized particles that are measured in nanometers. The unique size-dependent properties make the nanoparticles superior and indispensable as they show unusual physical, chemical, and properties such as conductivity, heat transfer, melting temperature, optical properties, and magnetization. Taking the advantages of these singular properties in order to develop new products is the main purpose of nanotechnology, and that is why it is regarded as “the next industrial revolution.” Although nanotechnology is quite a recent discipline, there have already high number of publications which discuss this topic. However, the safety of nanomaterials is of high priority. Whereas toxicity focuses on human beings and aims at protecting individuals, ecotoxicity looks at various trophic organism levels and intend to protect populations and ecosystems. Ecotoxicity includes natural uptake mechanisms and the influence of environmental factors on bioavailability (and thereby on toxicity). The present paper focuses on the ecotoxic effects and mechanisms of nanomaterials on microorganisms, plants, and other organisms including humans.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the trends in cancer burden and describe the types, estimates, and causes of new cancer cases, in which surgeons can play a vital role in tackling this rising cancer burden.
Abstract: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The global cancer burden (GCB) is expected to rise significantly and will disproportionately affect the less developed world (LDW). The aim of this review is to analyze the trends in GCB and describe the types, estimates, and causes of new cancer cases. The challenges and strategies associated with tackling this rising GCB are described in which surgeons can play a vital role. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:221–226. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TL;DR: Screening for HBV in HIV-infected patients in resource-limited settings is important because it is associated with lower CD4+ T-cell counts and in settings in which HBV DNA is not available, HBeAg may be useful to assess the need forHBV treatment.
Abstract: Objective: To understand the HIV–hepatitis B virus (HBV) epidemic from a global perspective by clinically and virologically characterizing these viruses at the time of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in a multinational cohort. Methods and design: HIV-infected patients enrolled in two international studies were classified as HIV–HBV coinfected or HIV monoinfected prior to ART. HIV–HBV coinfected patients were tested for HBV characteristics, hepatitis D virus (HDV), a novel noninvasive marker of liver disease, and drug-resistant HBV. Comparisons between discrete covariates used x 2 or Fisher’s exact tests (and Jonchkheere–Terpstra for trend tests), whereas continuous covariates were compared using Wilcoxon RankSum Test. Results: Of the 2105 HIV-infected patients from 11 countries, the median age was 34 years and 63% were black. The 115 HIV–HBV coinfected patients had significantly higher alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase values, lower BMI, and lower CD4 þ T-cell counts than HIV monoinfected patients (median 159 and 137 cells/ml, respectively, P ¼ 0.04). In the coinfected patients, 49.6% had HBeAgnegative HBV, 60.2% had genotype A HBV, and 13% were HDV positive. Of the HBeAg-negative patients, 66% had HBV DNA 2000 IU/ml or less compared to 5.2% of the HBeAg-positive individuals. Drug-resistant HBV was not detected. Conclusion: Screening for HBV in HIV-infected patients in resource-limited settings is important because it is associated with lower CD4 þ T-cell counts. In settings in which HBV DNA is not available, HBeAg may be useful to assess the need for HBV treatment. Screening for drug-resistant HBV is not needed prior to starting ART in settings in which this study was conducted. 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins AIDS 2013, 27:191–201
TL;DR: Results indicate that fisetin exerts neuroprotection against AlCl3-induced brain pathology, and changes in the activities of SOD, CAT, GST, AChE, behavioral deficits, histologic aberrations, reactive gliosis, and inflammatory niche were attenuated on treatment with f isetin.
Abstract: Aluminum (Al) is an environmental neurotoxin that affects cerebral functions and causes health complications. However, the role of Al in arbitrating glia homeostasis and pathophysiology remains obscure. Astrocyte, microglia activation (reactive gliosis), and associated inflammatory events play a decisive role in neurodegeneration and may represent a target for treating neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we have analyzed the role of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in causing reactive gliosis in the brain of mice and the ability of fisetin, a flavonoid to attenuate reactive gliosis and neuronal inflammation. Reports suggest that fisetin exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Fisetin at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight was orally administered, daily (pre-treated for 4 weeks before AlCl3 induction and co-treated until experimental period of 8 weeks) to mice induced with AlCl3 (200 mg/kg b.wt./day/8 weeks, orally). Administration of AlCl3 developed behavioral deficits, triggered lipid peroxidation (LPO), compromised acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, and reduced the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and reduced glutathione (GSH), and caused histologic aberrations. These effects were accompanied by increased expressions of Glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, were increased upon AlCl3 administration. AlCl3-induced alterations in the activities of SOD, CAT, GST, AChE and levels of GSH, LPO, activity of AChE, behavioral deficits, histologic aberrations, reactive gliosis, and inflammatory niche were attenuated on treatment with fisetin. Collectively, our results indicate that fisetin exerts neuroprotection against AlCl3-induced brain pathology.
TL;DR: Results indicated that mangiferin has potential ameliorative effects in addition to its antidiabetic effect in experimentally induced diabetic rats.
Abstract: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of diabetes complications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effect of oral administration of mangiferin in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by measuring the oxidative indicators in liver and kidney as well as the ameliorative properties. Administration of mangiferin to diabetic rats significantly decreased blood glucose and increased plasma insulin levels. The activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and level of reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased while increases in the levels of lipidperoxidation (LPO) markers were observed in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic control rats as compared to normal control rats. Oral treatment with mangiferin (40 mg/kg b.wt/day) for a period of 30 days showed significant ameliorative effects on all the biochemical and oxidative parameters studied. Diabetic rats treated with mangiferin restored almost normal architecture of liver and kidney tissues, which was confirmed by histopathological examination. These results indicated that mangiferin has potential ameliorative effects in addition to its antidiabetic effect in experimentally induced diabetic rats.
TL;DR: This enzyme exerted its optimal activity at a pH of 5 and a temperature of 55 °C with ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) as an ideal substrate.
TL;DR: It is concluded that scanning, ultrastructural and useful of HSP70 biomarkers for heavy metal induced oxidative stress, and precautions need to be taken in polluted sites of Kaattuppalli Island in order to prevent heavy metal pollution that can occur in the future.
TL;DR: The administration of green tea extract to diabetic rats resulted in alterations in the metabolism of glucose with subsequent reduction in plasma glucose levels, indicating the antihyperglycemic potential of green Tea extract in diabetic rats.
TL;DR: It is concluded that DEHP‐induced ROS and lipid peroxidation disrupts the insulin signal transduction in adipose tissue and favors glucose intolerance and antioxidant vitamins have a protective role against the adverse effect of DEHP.
Abstract: Diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer, commonly used in a variety of products, including lubricants, perfumes, hairsprays and cosmetics, construction materials, wood finishers, adhesives, floorings and paints. DEHP is an endocrine disruptor and it has a continuum of influence on various organ systems in human beings and experimental animals. However, specific effects of DEHP on insulin signaling in adipose tissue are not known. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were divided into four groups. Control, DEHP treated (dissolved in olive oil at a dose of 10, and 100 mg/kg body weight, respectively, once daily through gastric intubations for 30 days) and DEHP + vitamin E (50 mg/kg body weight) and C (100 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in olive oil and distilled water, respectively, once daily through gastric intubations for 30 days. After the completion of treatment, adipose tissue was dissected out to assess various parameters. DEHP treatment escalated H(2)O(2) and hydroxyl radical levels as well as lipid peroxidation in the adipose tissue. DEHP impaired the expression of insulin signaling molecules and their phosphorelay pathways leading to diminish plasma membrane GLUT4 level and thus decreased glucose uptake and oxidation. Blood glucose level was elevated as a result of these changes. Supplementation of vitamins (C & E) prevented the DEHP-induced changes. It is concluded that DEHP-induced ROS and lipid peroxidation disrupts the insulin signal transduction in adipose tissue and favors glucose intolerance. Antioxidant vitamins have a protective role against the adverse effect of DEHP.
TL;DR: The proposed electrochemical method based on poly(methylene blue)-modified glassy carbon electrode (PMB/GCE) was successfully used for the determination of 4-NP in real water samples with recoveries ranging from 97% to 101.6%.
Abstract: A poly(methylene blue)-modified glassy carbon electrode (PMB/GCE) was fabricated by electropolymerisation of methylene blue on a GCE and further utilized to investigate the electrochemical determination of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry and chronocoulometry. The morphology of the PMB on GCE was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). An oxidation peak of 4-NP at the PMB modified electrode was observed at 0.28 V, and in the case of bare GCE, no oxidation peak was observed, which indicates that PMB/GCE exhibits a remarkable effect on the electrochemical determination of 4-NP. Due to this remarkable effect of PMB/GCE, a sensitive and simple electrochemical method was proposed for the determination of 4-NP. The effect of the scan rate and pH was investigated to determine the optimum conditions at which the PMB/GCE exhibits a higher sensitivity with a lower detection limit. Moreover, kinetic parameters such as the electron transfer number, proton transfer number and standard heterogeneous rate constant were calculated. Under optimum conditions, the oxidation current of 4-NP is proportional to its concentration in the range of 15–250 nM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9963. The detection limit was found to be 90 nM (S/N = 3). The proposed method based on PMB/GCE is simple, easy and cost effective. To further confirm its possible application, the proposed method was successfully used for the determination of 4-NP in real water samples with recoveries ranging from 97% to 101.6%. The interference due to sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, sulphate, carbonate, chloride, nitrate and phosphate was found to be almost negligible.