Showing papers in "Advances in Nutrition in 2018"

TL;DR: The present knowledge on the properties of butyrate, especially its potential effects and mechanisms involved in intestinal health and obesity, are summarized.

TL;DR: It is proposed in this review that curcumin's potential as a therapeutic agent may not solely rely on its bioavailability, but rather its medicinal benefits may also arise from its positive influence on gastrointestinal health and function.

TL;DR: A review of current knowledge covers trends in nutrient concentrations over the course of lactation and describes the influence of maternal intake, status, supplementation, and other factors on human milk concentrations of each nutrient.

TL;DR: It is proposed that it should be recommended that older individuals consume ≥1.2 g protein · kg-1 · d-1 and that there should be an emphasis on the intake of the amino acid leucine, which plays a central role in stimulating skeletal muscle anabolism.

TL;DR: To most effectively investigate carotenoid bioactivity and to utilize blood or tissue carotENoid concentrations as biomarkers of intake, investigators should either experimentally or statistically control for confounding variables affecting the bioavailability, tissue distribution, and metabolism of carotene and xanthophyll species.

TL;DR: A narrative review based on 67 published studies shows how mathematical diet optimization can help with understanding the relations between the different dimensions of diet sustainability and how it can be properly used to identify sustainable diets.

TL;DR: Clinical research on the effects of different types of dietary fat and fiber on the GI microbiota and GI and systemic inflammation is necessary to determine efficacious dietary strategies for reducing metabolic endotoxemia, inflammation, and subsequent metabolic disease.

TL;DR: The process of nutritional stress-induced autophagy and its important physiologic and/or pathologic roles in cell metabolism and diseases are highlighted, and light is shed on the research into the mechanism and clinical applications of Autophagy induced by nutritional stresses.

TL;DR: It is indicated that adherence to a diet with high antioxidant properties may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality, and current recommendations that promote higher intake of antioxidant-rich foods such as fruit and vegetables are confirmed.

TL;DR: A meta-analysis of RCTs suggests that some dietary supplements could beneficially modulate sperm quality parameters and affect male fertility.

TL;DR: A systematic approach was used to develop a global resource that summarizes key characteristics of NP models with applications in government-led nutrition policies, and will be highly valuable for assisting health professionals and policymakers in the selection of an appropriate model when the establishment of nutrition-related policies requires the use of nutrient profiling.

TL;DR: Developing diets that replicate what humans eat will help make animal models more relevant to human populations, and this review focuses on commonly used rodent diets that are used to emulate the Western dietary pattern in preclinical studies of obesity and type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic liver disease, maternal nutrition, and colorectal cancer.

TL;DR: Findings from intervention studies on cardiometabolic risk factors suggest that ω-6 PUFAs reduce concentrations of LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner compared with dietary carbohydrate, and have a neutral effect on blood pressure.

TL;DR: Evidence of discriminating relations of total compared with added or free sugars with weight gain or energy intake, type 2 diabetes, and dental caries was identified, and the relations were weakest for total sugars and most consistent for dietary sources corresponding to free sugars.

TL;DR: An improved randomized agenda may clarify many things in nutrition science that might never be answered credibly with nonrandomized observational designs, such as dietary measurement error and selective reporting.

TL;DR: Testing the linear and potential nonlinear dose-response associations of the Dietary Inflammatory Index showed that dietary habits with high inflammatory features might increase the risk of site-specific cancers.

TL;DR: Five key dietary recommendations were developed: follow traditional dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, limit excess fructose consumption and avoid processed foods and beverages with added fructose, and replace processed food, fast food, commercial bakery goods, and sweets with unprocessed foods high in fiber.

TL;DR: It remains a future challenge to (re)conceptionalize the development of FBDGs, to operationalize the aspects to be incorporated in their derivation, and to convert concepts into systematic approaches.

TL;DR: It is concluded that randomized controlled trials are now needed that use the strategy of multiple analyte testing to determine if PPIs, H2RAs, and metformin do indeed increase the risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency.

TL;DR: This article addresses some commonly held and unfounded "myths" surrounding dietary assessments, effect sizes, and confounding, demonstrating how carefully conducted observational studies can provide reliable and reproducible evidence on diet and health.

TL;DR: EAAs are the focus of the present article, and a series of landmark papers on AA nutrition and metabolism in rats and humans that further defined AAs as EAAs or NEAAs based on nitrogen balance or growth are published.

TL;DR: Current knowledge on methods used for analyzing water- and fat-soluble vitamins as well as iron, copper, zinc, iodine, and selenium in human milk and their different forms in milk is summarized; the tools available for quality control and assurance; and guidance for preanalytical considerations are recommended.

TL;DR: It is concluded that personally tailored antioxidant interventions based on specific antioxidant inadequacies or deficiencies could result in improved exercise performance accompanied by consistent alterations in redox profile.

TL;DR: This review presents a general overview of mitochondrial membrane biochemistry and biophysics followed by the role of different dietary saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in modulating mitochondrial membrane structure-function and focuses extensively on long-chain n-3 (ω-3) polyuns saturated fatty acids and their underlying mechanisms of action.

TL;DR: There is promising evidence to suggest that probiotic therapy may improve gastrointestinal dysfunction, beneficially alter fecal microbiota, and reduce the severity of ASD symptoms in children with ASD.

TL;DR: Aside from increased risk of tooth decay in children and small amounts of weight gain in young children and adults, there is no conclusive evidence that consumption of 100% fruit juice has adverse health effects.

TL;DR: It is proposed to first redefine the food health potential on a holistic basis and then to show that reductionism and holism are interconnected approaches that should coexist, and to address the confusion of the general public and to simplify nutritional messages.

TL;DR: Whether there are fundamental limitations of the RCT method in nutritional research is investigated using probiotic studies as an example and an epistemological approach is used and three general presuppositions are identified and discussed.

TL;DR: Evidence supporting the relation between vitamin D deficiency and ADHD is provided, however, the overall effect sizes are small, and therefore the association should be considered equivocal at this time.

TL;DR: The main objective of this Perspective is to initiate the discussion of whether the current Dietary Reference Intake for vitamin E should be increased for the older population on the basis of mechanistic studies showing biological plausibility, correction of a major cellular dysfunction in older adults, and strong evidence from several animal and a few human studies indicating a reduction in risk and morbidity from infections.