Showing papers in "Cellular Signalling in 2016"

TL;DR: Modulating mitochondrial oxidative stress and ER stress via mTOR signaling may be an approach that will effectively suppress obesity- or glucolipotoxicity-induced metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

TL;DR: The data demonstrate that inosine produces ERK1/2- biased signaling whereas adenosine produces cAMP-biased signaling at the A2AR, highlighting pharmacological differences between these two agonists.

TL;DR: It is suggested that BHB is not solely a metabolic intermediate, but also acts as a signal to regulate metabolism and maintain energy homeostasis during nutrient deprivation.

TL;DR: The clinical and biochemical evidence implicating the Hippo pathway in metastasis is summarized and the molecular mechanisms by which aberrant Hippo signaling promotes metastasis are described.

TL;DR: An overview of current literature that proposes evolutionarily conserved presenilin functions outside of the γ-secretase complex is presented, with a focus on the suggested role of the presenILins in the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling, protein trafficking and degradation, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis.

TL;DR: Overall, the results support a model in which leucine selectively promotes dephosphorylation of Sestrin2, causing it to dissociate from and thereby activate GATOR2, leading to activation of mTORC1.

TL;DR: PDE4 expression is up-regulated in psoriatic dermis as compared with normal skin, with particular regard to fibroblasts, and the study reveals that the PDE4/CD271 complex could be important in modulating fibroblast functions.

TL;DR: A crosstalk between TGF-β/Smad3 and Wnt/β-catenin canonical pathways provides new insights into the pathophysiology of vascular SMCs linked to intimal hyperplasia.

TL;DR: The development of new small molecule SK inhibitors is discussed, the recent discovery of off-targets effects of many current SK inhibitors are summarised, and an overview of the usefulness of these inhibitors as in vitro tools and therapeutic agents are provided.

TL;DR: The results indicate the important role of mTOR inhibition in UVB protection by apigenin, and provide a new target and strategy for better prevention of UV-induced skin cancer.

TL;DR: The signaling mechanisms of AMPK/Snf1 in the control of histone acetylation are reviewed and their role in the epigenetic regulation of ribosome synthesis and circadian clocks is clarified.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the oncogenic activation of PI3K/Akt signalling promotes cellular glucose uptake, at least in part, through the regulation of TXNIP expression, which may contribute to the Warburg effect in cancer cells.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1) is the essential protein involved in oxidative stress-induced DNA demethylation, and the importance of base excision repair (BER) in DNA dem methylation is illustrated.

TL;DR: The data establish that SAHA and NaB can be considered as drug candidates for T NBC patients, and HDAC8/YY1/mtp53 signals act as an important target for TNBC treatment.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that AMPKα2 is not necessary for induction of LC3 lipidation with fasting and aging, and LC3lipidation is increased in muscle lacking functional AMPK α2 during fasting and Aging.

TL;DR: The results show that the lipolytic action of PTH is mediated by the PKA signaling pathway with no or minor contribution of other signaling pathways and, furthermore, that the Lipolyticaction of P TH is limited by simultaneous activation of PDE4.

TL;DR: It is proposed that a surface population of Hsp90 extracellularly binds TGF βRI and this complex behaves as an active participant in collagen production in TGFβ-activated fibroblasts in the fibrotic process.

TL;DR: This study proved that PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathway mediated by ERS was involved in osteoblast differentiation of PDLCs under cyclic mechanical force.

TL;DR: Characters of LATS2 variants carrying specific modifications that mimic gain or loss of phosphorylation and/or abolish MOB1/LATS2 interactions uncovers novel insights into the regulation ofLATS kinases in Hippo signalling.

TL;DR: Six fundamental principles that should be considered in future studies to mechanistically link reactive species production to exercise responses or adaptations are proposed and require an idealized human experimental setting.

TL;DR: It is confirmed that circulating AVP is elevated in HF patients, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

TL;DR: AMPK was sufficient to stimulate osteogenesis of MC3T 3-E1 cells and inhibit adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells through the AMPK-Gfi1-OPN axis, which elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying AMPK regulation of osteogenesis and adipogenesis.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that PRMT1 is a central regulator of tissue remodeling and that the signaling sequence controlling its expression in primary human lung fibroblast is PDGF-ERK-STAT1.

TL;DR: In in vivo experiments, application of exogenous Rspo2 rescued the bone loss and improved the microarchitecture of bone in OVX mice and LGR4 acted as a key receptor for RSPo2 to promote osteogenesis.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated for the first time that in Sertoli cells testosterone acts through the receptor ZIP9 to trigger the non-classical signaling cascade, resulting in increased claudin expression and TJ formation.

TL;DR: It is shown that ligand-independent EphA2 signaling occurs downstream of the MEK/ERK/RSK pathway and mediates epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cell proliferation in glioblastoma cells and is a key downstream target in the regulation of gliOBlastoma cell proliferation.

TL;DR: It is shown that IL-6/STAT3 signaling was activated aberrantly in HCC tissues and correlated with poor post-surgical outcome and PCAF, a well-known acetyltransferase, was revealed to acetylate cytoplasmic STAT3 protein directly and regulate TIMP-1 expression negatively in Huh7 cells.

TL;DR: The data demonstrated that miR-125a-5p functions as an important tumor suppressor that suppresses the EGFR pathway by targeting TAZ to inhibit tumor progression in retinoblastoma.

TL;DR: The results indicate that Notch and TGFβ form a reciprocal positive regulatory loop and cooperatively regulate EMT and promote EOC cell motility and migration.

TL;DR: This is the first study to report that TGF-β has an atrophic effect dependent on NOX-induced ROS in skeletal muscle.