Showing papers in "Fungal Ecology in 2016"

TL;DR: Fungi typically live in highly diverse communities composed of multiple ecological guilds, and FUNGuild is a tool that can be used to taxonomically parse fungal OTUs by ecological guild independent of sequencing platform or analysis pipeline.

TL;DR: This opinion paper summarizes the exploration of new, recently discovered lineages of DMF and their implications for the ecology, evolution, and biogeography of the rapidly growing fungal tree and suggests linking explorative with experimental research to gain deeper insights into the physiology and ecological functioning of zoosporic fungi DMF in aquatic habitats.

TL;DR: Two decades of soil N enrichment appears to have fundamentally altered the soil fungal community of this temperate forest, especially the ectomycorrhizal Russula vinacea, whose relative abundance increased from 10 to 37% of the entire community across N treatments.

TL;DR: Environmental factors, particularly sample depth, oxygen, and nitrate, strongly correlated with the fungal community composition and explained more variance than did geographic distance and highlights potential opportunities for research in marine fungal ecology and biogeography.

TL;DR: These cases show that despite the current advanced state of globalisation, severe pathogens are still spreading and some may currently be excluded by geographic barriers, hence biosecurity still has potential to mitigate spread of undiscovered and unpredictable pathogens of wildlife.

TL;DR: There is a great opportunity to monitor changes in freshwater fungi communities along latitudinal (north to south) and habitat gradients (from human disturbed to natural habitats), and study ecological thresholds and consequences of such changes, particularly its feedback on nutrient and carbon cycles in freshwater systems.

TL;DR: The results indicate that coarse deadwood represents a highly diverse substratum in terms of the quality, fungal biomass content and, in particular, the composition of fungal communities whose properties change with time.

TL;DR: This review compiles information currently available on aquatic fungi and the role of stoichiometric constraints in fungal ecology to show that elemental ratios of fungal biomass vary widely, with ranges exceeding those found for bacteria.

TL;DR: Trends in research on species- and community-level AMF diversity patterns are reviewed and ways of improving the complementarity of these approaches are identified to maximise the understanding of AMF are proposed.

TL;DR: Aquatic hyphomycetes have adapted to running waters by their uncommon conidial shape, which facilitates dispersal as well as adherence to plant substrata, but have been early and regularly reported to occur in a variety of environments other than their preferred habitat.

TL;DR: It is concluded that zoosporic parasites are much more abundant in marine ecosystems than the available literature reports, and that, at present, both the diversity and the prevalence of such pathogens are underestimated.

TL;DR: This review compares the taxonomy, life cycle, host range, infection strategies, and ecological roles of species of Parvilucifera, Amoebophrya and Dinomyces which are parasites of dinoflagellates.

TL;DR: The occurrence of fungi in 100 tap water and 16 groundwater samples from Slovenia is described and it appears that they are transferred with water to dishwashers and washing machines, where they subsequently proliferate.

TL;DR: Distribution data of morphospecies from studies throughout the world is used in an attempt to better understand the magnitude of global species richness, patterns of biodiversity and the extent of cosmopolitanism versus endemism.

TL;DR: In terms of function, fungal biomass, sporulation rates and litter decomposition by aquatic hyphomycetes in the tropics was reported to be equivalent to or much lower than observed in temperate zones.

TL;DR: Fungi are major players in most ecosystems and are increasingly affected by human impacts, and changing land use, eutrophication/pollution and climate change are among the major factors that affect diversity and ecological functions of aquatic hyphomycetes.

TL;DR: Olive tree endophyte community structure is affected by plant organ, location and season, and species composition varied spatially, with the fungal composition of the roots varying more among locations than that of the aboveground organs.

TL;DR: Although most of the ectomycorrhizal taxa known to associate with Populus evaded isolation, many of the abundant sequence types from rhizosphere and endosphere 454 datasets were isolated, including novel species belonging to the Atractiellales.

TL;DR: While powdery mildew depresses the photosynthetic parameters of A. inebrians, the presence of the Epichloe endophyte can reduce the damage caused by the pathogen and increase the dry matter accumulation per host plant under pathogen stress.

TL;DR: This review aims to introduce a yet unexplored fungal habitat in an environment considered extreme from a biological perspective and presents the current knowledge of fungal abundance and diversity and discusses the ecological role of fungi in the igneous oceanic crust.

TL;DR: This discussion will specifically focus on fungal dynamics occurring on plant litter in forested headwater streams and emergent freshwater marshes, since published data concerning their role in these systems is considerably more abundant in comparison to other freshwater habitats.

TL;DR: Interpreting patterns in the diversity and distributions of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi will ultimately require improved understanding of their functional ecology and functional diversity, which is currently limited to a few well studied species.

TL;DR: The diversity and frequency of sequences corresponding to OrM fungi in the soil declined with increasing distance from orchid plants, suggesting that the clustered distribution of orchid species may to some extent be explained by the localised distribution of species-specific mycorrhizal associates.

TL;DR: Quantitative and qualitative changes in VOC production occurred in interactions compared to self-pairing controls, with different VOC profiles from fungi growing in wood blocks compared to soil trays, and both stimulatory and inhibitory effects of VOCs on target mycelial extension rate, hyphal coverage and fractal dimension.

TL;DR: Interactions between eight wood decay fungi were performed in beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood at seven temperatures, and in soil microcosms and wood that had been pre-colonised for different lengths of time, underlining the importance of stochastic factors in fungal community succession.

TL;DR: The mutualist of Ambrosiodmus/Ambrosiophilus, the polypore Flavodon ambrosius, is superior in lignocellulolytic capacity compared to Ascomycota ambrosia fungi and other white rot Basidiomycota.

TL;DR: Grapevine wood hosts diverse fungal species, including pathogens that cause grapevine trunk diseases and wood decomposers, with detrimental effects on yields, but greater levels of wood necrosis may be due to the composition of the fungal community rather than to a greater diversity of taxa.

TL;DR: Variation in both AMF richness and identity was often as great within as between plant species, suggesting that plant species identity may be less important for structuring local AMF communities than other factors, such as environmental conditions, fungal interactions or even stochastic distributions of AMF.

TL;DR: The AM fungal communities colonizing the new island appeared to be a non-random subset of communities on the natural and much older neighboring island, which points to high colonization potential of certain – probably early successional – mycorrhizal fungi, likely assisted by migratory birds.