Showing papers in "International Journal of Medical Microbiology in 2013"

TL;DR: The characteristics of the most successful plasmids that were at the origin of the spread of carbapenemase, expanded-spectrum β-lactamase, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes are discussed in this review.

TL;DR: The possibility of inhibiting elements comprising the intrinsic resistome in bacterial pathogens offers the promise for repurposing existing antibiotics against intrinsically resistant bacteria.

TL;DR: The CTX-Mβ-lactamase lineage exhibits a striking plasticity, with a large number of allelic variants belonging in several sublineages, which can be associated with functional heterogeneity of clinical relevance.

TL;DR: Interestingly, CA-MRSA strains emerged globally and from different backgrounds, indicating that the "trade-off" between maintaining sufficient levels of methicillin resistance and obtaining enhanced virulence at a low fitness cost was achieved on several occasions in convergent evolution.

TL;DR: The state of knowledge on antibiotics as promoters of antibiotic resistance is reviewed, finding that under certain environmental conditions, subinhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials may increase the mutagenic effect of antibiotics.

TL;DR: Characterization of subclones of E. coli clones in animals supplemented with zinc suggests an increase in antimicrobial resistance due to influences on plasmid uptake by zinc supplementation, questioning the reasonability of zinc feed additives as a result of the ban of antimicrobial growth promoters.

TL;DR: Recent advances in the current understanding of the population biology of enterococci are summarized, the role mobile genetic elements including plasmids play in shaping the population structure and spreading resistance are explained and how these elements could be classified are explained.

TL;DR: Detailed characterisation of SCC and SCCmec elements and CIs represents a unique challenge but is vital for effective epidemiological typing and tracking of MRSA and other staphylococci and to enhance the understanding of the origins and evolution ofMRSA.

TL;DR: The aim of this article is to prescribe the prerequisites for the surveillance of antibiotic use and bacterial resistance, to explain advantage and disadvantage of surveillance parameters used, to present new data from a Surveillance System of Antibiotic Use and Bacterial Resistance in Intensive Care Units in Germany, and to discuss the impact of antibiotics use on resistance.

TL;DR: This review highlights how human bacterial pathogens have developed their own resourceful strategies to exploit polyamines or manipulate polyamine-related processes to optimize their fitness within the host.

TL;DR: This work identifies various spacer DNAs homologous to a putative phage present within the genome of F. tularensis subsp.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the role of bacterial sRNAs in modulating selected stress conditions and highlights the alliance between stress response and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) in bacterial defense.

TL;DR: Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) are mainly associated with the clonal complex (CC) 398, which has obviously limited capacity to spread in the nosocomial setting so far and can cause postoperative wound infections and even septicemia when introduced into the hospital.

TL;DR: Mobile genetic elements, in particular plasmids and transposons, play a major role as carriers of antimicrobial resistance genes in animal staphylococci and facilitate the exchange of resistance genes with staphyleococci of human origin but also with other Gram-positive bacteria.

TL;DR: The incidence of fluoroquinolone resistance in HA-MRSA is remarkably high, suggesting use of this class of antibiotics as well as the β-lactams contributes to the selection and success of HA- MRSA clones in the hospital setting.

TL;DR: The objective of this study was to characterize the virulence and antimicrobial resistance of multidrug-resistant APEC isolated from septicemic broilers in Egypt at the molecular level, and this is the first report of molecular characterization of antimicrobial Resistance in APEC strains from Africa.

TL;DR: In conclusion, S. epidermidis isolated from PJIs and commensal isolates differed regarding antimicrobial sensitivity and molecular epidemiological typing using MLST, but not substantially in the distribution of agr types, biofilm production, or the presence of ica and aap genes.

TL;DR: The exploitation of plasminogen-binding is presented as a further pivotal strategy of pneumococci facilitating adherence to eukaryotic cells in dose-dependent manner and reduces attachment to the epithelial and endothelial cells, and increased the interaction with neutrophil granulocytes.

TL;DR: The high level of MDRB in geriatric clinics, nursing homes, and ambulant care points to the importance of these institutions as a reservoir for dissemination.

TL;DR: Recent advances that support the hypothesis that the transmission dynamics of nosocomial pathogens is not exclusively amenable to single-hospital infection prevention measures are reviewed, and a "next-generation" network-approach to hospital infection prevention and control is proposed.

TL;DR: Adaptive changes in S. aureus accumulated with the length of persistence in the CF airways, but differed in patients infected with the same S.aureus clonal lineage indicating that individual host factors have an impact on adaptation.

TL;DR: The overall findings confirm that C. orthopsilosis has a comparable behaviour to C. parapsilosis, whilst C. metapsilotic seems to possess a reduced virulence potential.

TL;DR: The probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) was tested for antagonistic effects on two O104:H4 EHEC isolates from the 2011 outbreak and on the classical O157:H7 EH EC strain EDL933, which showed reduced growth in the presence of EcN and Stx2 production in vitro.

TL;DR: The present data indicate that mutations affecting Ga transport and probably pyocyanin biosynthesis enable cells to develop resistance to Ga.

TL;DR: An in-house protocol based on Tween 80 can be used to process positive blood cultures for bacteria and yeast identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and is a valuable tool for rapid identification of pathogens in septic patients.

TL;DR: The first isolation and characterization of several Enterobacteriaceae strains harboring bla(NDM-1), bla (OXA-48) and/or bla-181 genes in a Romanian emergency teaching hospital is reported.

TL;DR: Previously developed multiplex PCR strategies for these strains were integrated into one single step multiplex that differentiates all these E. coli pathotypes, usually based on multiple characteristic PCR products, and works reliably for colony PCR.

TL;DR: The immunogenicity of P. multocida and M. haemolytica outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is characterized to useful for the future development of broad-spectrum OMV based vaccines against BRD and other infections caused by P. Multocida.

TL;DR: Analysis of the drug usage records of the farms strongly correlated with the resistance patterns of the cfr-positive isolates and suggested that antimicrobial use on farms supports the spread ofThe cfr gene.

TL;DR: High resistance of the BSH-producing strain against the antibiotic fosfomycin and the oxidant hypochlorite but not against hydrogen peroxide or diamide indicates a potential role of BSH in protection of S. aureus during infection.