Showing papers in "Journal of Psychiatric Research in 2009"

TL;DR: The MMSE offers modest accuracy with best value for ruling-out a diagnosis of dementia in community and primary care and should be combined with or replaced by other methods.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the gaming urge/craving in online gaming addiction and craving in substance dependence might share the same neurobiological mechanism.

TL;DR: C cumulative lifetime prevalence analysis showed that the majority of eating disorders had their initial onset between 10 and 20 years of age, and role impairment and comorbidity with other mental disorders were highly common, yet only small proportions of patients with a lifetime diagnosis of EDs requested medical treatment.

TL;DR: This study contributes to the empirical literature on resilience by providing novel information on the distribution and correlates of stress resilience in the general community by completing a well-validated self-report measure of resilience.

TL;DR: It is suggested that different antidepressant drugs have variable effects on serum BDNF levels, even though the three different drugs were equally effective in relieving symptoms of depression and anxiety.

TL;DR: Findings provide further evidence of the negative impact of anxiety disorders, suggest efforts should be made towards their early detection and treatment, and emphasize the importance of suicide risk assessment in treating individuals with anxiety disorders.

TL;DR: Impulsivity and harm avoidance have emerged as temperament dimensions independently associated with self-aggressive tendencies in personality that could explain the correlation between temperament and suicidality but further research is needed.

TL;DR: The PTSD group showed markedly different neural activity compared to the trauma-exposed control group in response to task-irrelevant visual distractors, and enhanced activity in ventral emotion processing regions was associated with trauma distractors in the PTSD group.

TL;DR: Most anxiety disorders are moderately associated with reduced sleep quality, and daytime dysfunction was the PSQI subscale most strongly associated with anxiety disorders, particularly GAD.

TL;DR: Reduced induction/availability of IL-10, that would normally inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine actions and resolve inflammation, may contribute to the depressogenic as well as the inflammatory disease-promoting effects of chronic, low-level elevations in pro- inflammatory cytokines.

TL;DR: There may be a widespread reduction in GABA neurotransmission due to a decrease in the synthesis of GAD(67) in subjects with psychiatric disorders, which may contribute to the psychotic behavior observed in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

TL;DR: In adolescent anorexic patients gray matter is more affected than white matter and mainly involves the posterior regions of the brain, and overall gray matter alterations are reversible after nutritional recovery.

TL;DR: A comparative proteome analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of pools from 9 schizophrenia and 7 healthy control patients' dorsolateral prefrontal cortex aims to identify alterations in protein expression that could be related to the disease, and suggests new markers, providing further information to foster the comprehension of this important disease.

TL;DR: The K-SADS-PL may prove useful for the assessment of psychopathology in preschoolers andInter-rater reliability as well as predictive validity of intake diagnoses at second assessment approximately two years after intake were evaluated.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that heavy cannabis use during adolescence may affect the trajectory of normal brain maturation is supported and the results support the hypothesis.

TL;DR: The study indicates increased parents' BMI and patients' premorbid BMI, female gender, younger age and - as a trend - the diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder to be predictors for antipsychotic-induced body weight gain involving atypical antipsychotics.

TL;DR: The work indicates that the superiority of SNRI over the SSRI at episodic memory improvement is clinically relevant, and suggests that cognition is partially independent from improvement in clinical symptoms.

TL;DR: Particular categories of trauma were differentially associated with the risk of psychiatric diagnosis and current symptom severity in veterans serving in the US military after 9/11/01.

TL;DR: Efforts to develop comprehensive models of suicidality should consider sleep problems as potentially independent indicators of risk, as among community residents, chronic sleep problems are consistently associated with greater risk for suicIDality.

TL;DR: Despite greater baseline severity and more Axis I comorbidities, women were more likely to reach remission and response with citalopram than men and may be due to sex-specific biological differences particularly in serotonergic systems.

TL;DR: The results suggest that ASPD is characterized by increased rapid-response impulsivity, and aspects of impulsivity related to reward-delay or attention appear relatively intact.

TL;DR: Hippocampal (pro)BDNF and receptor levels were also affected by genotype, suggesting that allelic variations are important in the hippocampal abnormalities seen in these psychiatric disorders.

TL;DR: Data support the view that an attentional bias in favor of threat cues is an important causal factor in generalized anxiety and suggest that a computer-based attentional retraining procedure may be an effective component of treatment.

TL;DR: Evidence from this burgeoning field supports the hypothesis of altered cell plasticity in MDD and suicide occurring mainly in key fronto-limbic areas, and reported morphometric and cell density alterations are generally region-specific and implicate several neuromodulatory systems.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the characteristics of a representative sample of depressed inpatients participating in the Munich Antidepressant Response Signature (MARS) project, which is thoroughly characterized with respect to demographic factors, clinical history and the degree of HPA-axis dysregulation evaluated by means of combined dex/CRH tests, and the predictive value of these factors for treatment outcome is investigated.

TL;DR: Results provide partial support for the use of behavioral measures of aggression and motor impulsivity as endophenotypes for BPD, with stronger support for behavioral aggression measures as an endophenotype for aggression within BPD samples.

TL;DR: Higher CRF is associated with lower risk of incident depressive symptoms independent of other clinical risk predictors, and this study follows individuals over time to examine whether those with higher levels of CRF have higher risk of developing depressive symptoms.

TL;DR: Observations support the view that the CMS model of depression mimics alterations observed in depressed patients, and affords a useful system in which to test the hypothesis that altered brain energy metabolism is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.

TL;DR: A working memory deficit in OCD is demonstrated by comparison with normal controls and neuropsychological dysfunction and brain abnormalities in OCD are found, which suggested that symptom severity and symptom subtype such as obsessions/checking might affect neuropsychology dysfunction and related brain activities.

TL;DR: Findings of the present study show that the epigenetic regulation of the DAT-promoter is altered in patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal and hypermethylation of theDAT- Promoter may play an important role in dopaminergic neurotransmission and is associated with decreased alcohol craving.