Showing papers in "Pharmacological Research in 2013"

TL;DR: There appears to considerable redundancy among the oral microbiota and a focus on functional rather than phylogenetic diversity may be required in order to fully understand host-microbiome interactions.

TL;DR: The current 'omic era promises rapid progress towards understanding how diet can be used to modulate the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota, allowing researchers to provide informed advice, that should improve long-term health status.

TL;DR: A review of the potential uses of probiotic bacteria for the treatment of mastitis and to inhibit mother-to-infant transfer of HIV is presented in this article, showing that selected strains isolated from breast milk can be good candidates for use as probiotics.

TL;DR: Experimental evidences suggest that the intestinal microbiota is able to incorporate and degrade some of the available amino acids, and it appears that the microbiota is also able to synthesize amino acids raising the view that amino acid exchange between the microbiota and host can proceed in both directions.

TL;DR: A better understanding of the role of the intestinal microbiota in maintaining a functional intestinal barrier may help develop targeted strategies to prevent and treat disease.

TL;DR: Preliminary evidence is provided that long-term supplementation with a grape extract containing RES downregulates the expression of key pro-inflammatory cytokines with the involvement of inflammation-related miRs in circulating immune cells of T2DM hypertensive medicated patients and support a beneficial immunomodulatory effect in these patients.

TL;DR: It is remarkable that the EML4-ALK fusion protein was discovered in 2007 and crizotinib was approved for the treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer in 2011, which is a remarkably short timeframe in the overall scheme of drug discovery.

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to highlight the recent findings on the regulatory mechanism of JAK/STAT signaling pathways and to reveal the evolving comprehension of their interface which might be of interest for clinicians involved in IBD therapy.

TL;DR: This review brings together some recent studies which establish the beneficial properties of polyphenols for cardiovascular disease and analyzes the mechanisms involved in these properties.

TL;DR: Being involved in different mechanisms which concur in counteracting inflammation, such as down-regulation of inflammation-associated genes and improvement of colonic mucosa conditions, probiotics have the potentiality to be involved in the promotion of longevity.

TL;DR: There is increasing evidence that reduction of Sirtuin 1 levels is closely correlated with many inflammatory diseases while pharmacologic activation of SIRT1 would be a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammation-related diseases.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on human studies, especially those of clinical relevance, and found that the majority of pharmaceutical drugs, even those believed to have minimal adverse effects, such as proton pump inhibitors and anti-hypertensives, in fact adversely affect immune development and functions and are also deleterious to microbiota.

TL;DR: Experimental evidences suggest that the intestinal microbiota is able to incorporate and degrade some of the available amino acids, and it appears that the microbiota is also able to synthesize amino acids raising the view that amino acid exchange between the microbiota and host can proceed in both directions.

TL;DR: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been implicated in numerous disorders, ranging from intestinal maladies such as inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer to disorders with more systemic effects such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome and atopy.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that some small activators of Nrf2/HO-1 are effective modulators of microglia inflammation and highlight the chemical scaffolds that can serve for the synthesis of potent new derivatives to counteract neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.

TL;DR: The emerging evidence for both direct and indirect effects of the human gut microbiota on xenobiotic metabolism and the initial links that have been made between specific compounds, diverse members of this complex community, and the microbial genes responsible are discussed.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that cisplatin alters endoc cannabinoidoid tone and that inhibition of endocannabinoid hydrolysis alleviates chemotherapy-induced mechanical and cold allodynia.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the current findings in this topic, mainly focusing on the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of minocycline.

TL;DR: Given the overall benefits of DHA, maternal and infant supplementation may improve neurological outcomes especially in vulernable populations, however, optimal composition of the supplement and dosing and treatment strategies still need to be determined to lend support for routine supplementation.

TL;DR: Results suggest that the activation of Kv7.4 channels is a key mechanism in the vascular effects of H2S, and should be focused on as novel targets for therapeutic approaches via the "H2S-system".

TL;DR: This review summarizes the latest insights in the identification of endothelial-specific microRNAs and their targets, as well as their roles in controlling endothelial cell functions in both autocrine and paracrine manner.

TL;DR: The use of statins should be indicated in cardiovascular disease prevention especially in patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD and according to the very limited data the obtained results suggest caution in expecting a reduction in cardiovascular events in patients on dialysis.

TL;DR: Histopathological examinations and electrocardiogram comparison demonstrated that the intelligent DDDS could markedly inhibit the growth of tumor and potentially offer an approach for safe cancer therapy.

TL;DR: The results indicate that delivery of blueberry polyphenols stabilized in a high-protein food matrix may be useful for the dietary management of pre-diabetes and/or diabetes.

TL;DR: Data is summarized on the physiologic role of ADAM17 and the feasibility of specific blockade of this enzyme, which governs many vital functions in the body.

TL;DR: Comparative genomics approaches have pinpointed that the Lactobacillus cell envelope contains several effector molecules that are pivotal in the direct signaling capacity of these bacteria that underlies their immunomodulatory effects, including lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, and (glyco)proteins.

TL;DR: Evidence for relationships between the gut microbiota composition and obesity and the possible role of probiotics is reviewed, discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the studies conducted to date.

TL;DR: Results show that SFRE displays dose-dependent antitumor activities and exerts a synergistic effect in combination with 5-FU on colon cancer cells, constituting a beneficial agent against both 5-Fluorouracil sensitive and resistant tumor cells.

TL;DR: The potential therapeutic approaches targeting these vascular ion channels in order to restore blood pressure to normotensive levels are described based on available proof-of-concept studies.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the dysregulated miRNAs discovered in various diabetic models and addresses the potential for microRNAs to be therapeutic targets in the treatment of diabetes.