Showing papers in "Trends in Neurosciences in 1995"

TL;DR: In humans, neuropsychological studies of patients with lesions to the parietal lobule confirm that primitive shape characteristics of an object for grasping are analyzed in theParietal lobe, and also demonstrate that this 'pragmatic' analysis of objects is separated from the 'semantic' analysis performed in the temporal lobe.

TL;DR: A broad anatomical maps of the three opioid-receptor mRNAs in relation to their binding sites is provided, and issues of receptor transport, trafficking and pre- versus postsynaptic localization are discussed.

TL;DR: The discovery of cytochemical markers that are specific for each of the major classes of striatal interneurones, and the combination of this with intracellular recording and staining, has revealed the identities of interneerones and some of their functional characteristics in a way that could not have been imagined by the classical morphologists.

TL;DR: This review focuses on one element of this complex web that is of particular importance to neurobiologists: identifying which members of the voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-channel superfamily are responsible for the Ca2+ that enters nerve terminals and elicits vesicular release of chemical transmitters.

TL;DR: Mutation of a regulatory gene(s) that controls the timing and ratio of symmetric and asymmetric modes of cell divisions in the proliferative zone could create an expanded cortical plate with enhanced capacity for establishing new patterns of connectivity that are validated through natural selection.

TL;DR: The actions, mechanisms of action and potential strategies for modifying cytokines in the nervous system will be considered in this review, which continues the discussion of cytokine expression and recognition published in the February issue of TINS.

TL;DR: Evidence indicates that co-expression of the two genes for the p75 receptor and the Trk NGF receptor can potentially lead to greater responsiveness to NGF, and suggests additional levels of regulation for the family of neurotrophin factors.

TL;DR: The general properties, expression and recognition of these cytokines with respect to the nervous system are discussed.

TL;DR: Although the authors failed to find a group of proteins that are related evolutionarily to this superfamily, the analysis of the evolutionary relationships within the superfamily is possible and can give rise to information about the evolution of the structure and function of present-day receptors and indeed of the nervous system itself.

TL;DR: It is speculated that changes in these parameters are essential to neuronal diversity.

TL;DR: It can be demonstrated that binocularly deprived cats show improved abilities of auditory localization, and at least equal tactile behavior compared to normal controls, and compensatory changes in the cortex can be explained by a reorganization of sensory representations under the guidance of sensorimotor feedback rather than by instruction through an extraneous 'supervisory' signal.

TL;DR: Later et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a method to solve the problem of brain connectivity in the context of neuroscience, and showed that the method can be used to improve the performance of the human brain.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that age-related increases in oxidative stress and protein glycation either individually, or more probably in a synergistic manner, could, exclusive of the other theories or in concert with them, account for all aspects of Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: The spatiotemporal RF structure of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex is discussed and the application of sophisticated RF-mapping techniques has enabled neurophysiologists to characterize RFs in the joint domain of space and time.

TL;DR: The finding of cell-specific expression and developmental regulation of NRI splice variants, and of the NR2 subunits, provides an explanation for the diversity of properties of NMDA receptors in different neuronal populations.

TL;DR: The networks of the brainstem and spinal cord that co-ordinate locomotion and body orientation in lamprey are described and Mathematical modelling has been used to explore the capacity of these biological networks.

TL;DR: Since the timecourse of antidepressant actions on corticosteroid receptors follows more closely that of clinical improvement of depression, antidepressants might elevate mood in depressives through their long-term effects on HPA regulation.

TL;DR: Cortical variation in mammals and other terrestrial vertebrates, re-examined by current comparative methodology (out-group analysis), indicates that separate lateral, dorsal and medial (hippocampal) pallial or cortical formations arose with the origin of vertebrates.

TL;DR: This article attempted an overview of anatomy and function that would be comprehenstble and useful to clinicians, and a systematic analysis of salient ciinfcal phenomena that could be interpreted by basic nemoscientists, and achieved its objectives.

TL;DR: The bizarre pattern of development ofThalamic innervation in the mutant reeler mouse provides strong evidence that thalamic axons are guided by preplate axons.

TL;DR: These studies support the application of reverse-genetic strategies, including the use of temporally specific agonists and antagonists, to advance the functional dissection of memory formation.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the plan of organization that is retained is the result of homologous developmental events, and that modifications to this plan are generated by a limited set of mechanisms that might account for the sensory and behavioural diversity that is observed in extant mammals.

TL;DR: This work proposes that glutamate receptors comprise four modules: two modules that are related to bacterial periplasmic-binding proteins, one module that is related to the pore-forming region of K+ channels, and one regulatory module of unknown origin.

TL;DR: Isolation of cDNAs that encode P2X receptors in the smooth muscle of vas deferens and in phaeochromocytoma cells indicates that the receptors are not related to other ligand-gated ion channels.

TL;DR: Knowlton BJ, Mangels JA, Squire LR, and Graybiel AM as mentioned in this paper showed that activation of a basal ganglia-forebrain circuit prevents plasticity of learned vocalizations.

TL;DR: Investigations that involve negatively acting transcription factors and other clock molecules that are presumed to interact with them should permit chronogeneticists to unravel further details of how the clock works, how environmental information finds its way to it, and how it sends information out into the organism's physiology, biochemistry and behavior.

TL;DR: Data indicate that the ability to reflect on one's own mental states, as well as those of others, might be the result of evolutionary changes in the prefrontal cortex.

TL;DR: Progression of neural development through the steps of cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation and survival is stimulated, at least in culture, by proinsulin and insulin and the IGFs, suggesting these factors might be important autocrine and paracrine signals during development of the CNS.