Journal ArticleDOI
A southern California freeway is a physical and social barrier to gene flow in carnivores.
Seth P. D. Riley,John P. Pollinger,Raymond M. Sauvajot,Raymond M. Sauvajot,Eric C. York,Cassity Bromley,Todd K. Fuller,Robert K. Wayne +7 more
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In this article, the authors examined movements of two highly mobile carnivores across the Ventura Freeway near Los Angeles, one of the busiest highways in the United States, and found that carnivores can cross the freeway and that 5-32% of sampled carnivores crossed over a 7-year period.Abstract:
Roads present formidable barriers to dispersal. We examine movements of two highly mobile carnivores across the Ventura Freeway near Los Angeles, one of the busiest highways in the United States. The two species, bobcats and coyotes, can disappear from habitats isolated and fragmented by roads, and their ability to disperse across the Ventura Freeway tests the limits of vertebrates to overcome anthropogenic obstacles. We combine radiotelemetry data and genetically based assignments to identify individuals that have crossed the freeway. Although the freeway is a significant barrier to dispersal, we find that carnivores can cross the freeway and that 5–32% of sampled carnivores crossed over a 7-year period. However, despite moderate levels of migration, populations on either side of the freeway are genetically differentiated, and coalescent modelling shows their genetic isolation is consistent with a migration fraction less than 0.5% per generation. These results imply that individuals that cross the freeway rarely reproduce. Highways and development impose artificial home range boundaries on territorial and reproductive individuals and hence decrease genetically effective migration. Further, territory pile-up at freeway boundaries may decrease reproductive opportunities for dispersing individuals that do manage to cross. Consequently, freeways are filters favouring dispersing individuals that add to the migration rate but little to gene flow. Our results demonstrate that freeways can restrict gene flow even in wide-ranging species and suggest that for territorial animals, migration levels across anthropogenic barriers need to be an order of magnitude larger than commonly assumed to counteract genetic differentiation.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Putting the "landscape" in landscape genetics.
Andrew Storfer,Melanie A. Murphy,Jeffrey S. Evans,Caren S. Goldberg,Stacie J. Robinson,Stephen F. Spear,Raymond J. Dezzani,Eric Delmelle,Lee A. Vierling,Lisette P. Waits +9 more
TL;DR: A definition for the term ‘landscape genetics’ is offered, an overview of the landscape genetics literature is provided, guidelines for appropriate sampling design and useful analysis techniques are given, and future directions in the field are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Moving in the Anthropocene : global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements
Marlee A. Tucker,Katrin Böhning-Gaese,William F. Fagan,John M. Fryxell,Bram Van Moorter,Susan C. Alberts,Abdullahi H. Ali,Andrew M. Allen,Andrew M. Allen,Nina Attias,Tal Avgar,Hattie L. A. Bartlam-Brooks,Buuveibaatar Bayarbaatar,Jerrold L. Belant,Alessandra Bertassoni,Dean E. Beyer,Laura R. Bidner,Floris M. van Beest,Stephen Blake,Stephen Blake,Niels Blaum,Chloe Bracis,Danielle D. Brown,P J Nico de Bruyn,Francesca Cagnacci,Francesca Cagnacci,Justin M. Calabrese,Justin M. Calabrese,Constança Camilo-Alves,Simon Chamaillé-Jammes,André Chiaradia,André Chiaradia,Sarah C. Davidson,Sarah C. Davidson,Todd E. Dennis,Stephen DeStefano,Duane R. Diefenbach,Iain Douglas-Hamilton,Iain Douglas-Hamilton,Julian Fennessy,Claudia Fichtel,Wolfgang Fiedler,Christina Fischer,Ilya R. Fischhoff,Christen H. Fleming,Christen H. Fleming,Adam T. Ford,Susanne A. Fritz,Benedikt Gehr,Jacob R. Goheen,Eliezer Gurarie,Eliezer Gurarie,Mark Hebblewhite,Marco Heurich,Marco Heurich,A. J. Mark Hewison,Christian Hof,Edward Hurme,Lynne A. Isbell,René Janssen,Florian Jeltsch,Petra Kaczensky,Adam Kane,Peter M. Kappeler,Matthew J. Kauffman,Roland Kays,Roland Kays,Duncan M. Kimuyu,Flávia Koch,Flávia Koch,Bart Kranstauber,Scott D. LaPoint,Scott D. LaPoint,Peter Leimgruber,John D. C. Linnell,Pascual López-López,A. Catherine Markham,Jenny Mattisson,Emília Patrícia Medici,Ugo Mellone,Evelyn H. Merrill,Guilherme Miranda de Mourão,Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato,Nicolas Morellet,Thomas A. Morrison,Samuel L. Díaz-Muñoz,Samuel L. Díaz-Muñoz,Atle Mysterud,Dejid Nandintsetseg,Ran Nathan,Aidin Niamir,John Odden,Robert B. O'Hara,Luiz Gustavo R. Oliveira-Santos,Kirk A. Olson,Bruce D. Patterson,Rogério Cunha de Paula,Luca Pedrotti,Björn Reineking,Björn Reineking,Martin Rimmler,Tracey L. Rogers,Christer Moe Rolandsen,Christopher S. Rosenberry,Daniel I. Rubenstein,Kamran Safi,Kamran Safi,Sonia Saïd,Nir Sapir,Hall Sawyer,Niels Martin Schmidt,Nuria Selva,Agnieszka Sergiel,Enkhtuvshin Shiilegdamba,João P. Silva,João P. Silva,João P. Silva,Navinder J. Singh,Erling Johan Solberg,Orr Spiegel,Olav Strand,Siva R. Sundaresan,Wiebke Ullmann,Ulrich Voigt,Jake Wall,David W. Wattles,Martin Wikelski,Martin Wikelski,Christopher C. Wilmers,John W. Wilson,George Wittemyer,George Wittemyer,Filip Zięba,Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica,Thomas Mueller,Thomas Mueller +135 more
TL;DR: Using a unique GPS-tracking database of 803 individuals across 57 species, it is found that movements of mammals in areas with a comparatively high human footprint were on average one-half to one-third the extent of their movements in area with a low human footprint.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gene Flow in Complex Landscapes: Testing Multiple Hypotheses with Causal Modeling.
TL;DR: In this black bear population, gene flow is facilitated by contiguous forest cover at middle elevations, and patterns of genetic structure are primarily related to landscape gradients of land cover and elevation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Landscape genetics: where are we now?
TL;DR: Highlights gaps in knowledge and methodology are highlighted, providing guidelines to authors and reviewers of landscape genetics studies, and suggesting promising future directions of inquiry are suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microgeographic adaptation and the spatial scale of evolution
TL;DR: A quantitative definition of microgeographic adaptation is established based on Wright's dispersal neighborhood that standardizes dispersal abilities, enabling this measure to be compared across species and to evaluate growing evidence of evolutionary divergence at fine spatial scales.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data
TL;DR: Pritch et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a model-based clustering method for using multilocus genotype data to infer population structure and assign individuals to populations, which can be applied to most of the commonly used genetic markers, provided that they are not closely linked.
Journal ArticleDOI
GENEPOP (Version 1.2): Population Genetics Software for Exact Tests and Ecumenicism
Michel Raymond,François Rousset +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Analyzing tables of statistical tests
TL;DR: Technique non parametrique pour la signification statistique de tables de tests utilisees dans les etudes sur l'evolution notamment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: dominant markers and null alleles
TL;DR: A simple approach for accounting for genotypic ambiguity in studies of population structure and apply it to AFLP data from whitefish is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Roads and their major ecological effects
TL;DR: Road density and network structure are informative landscape ecology assays and Australia has huge road-reserve networks of native vegetation, whereas the Dutch have tunnels and overpasses perforating road barriers to enhance ecological flows.
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