A Vision of 6G Wireless Systems: Applications, Trends, Technologies, and Open Research Problems
read more
Citations
Towards 6G wireless communication networks: vision, enabling technologies, and new paradigm shifts
Toward 6G Networks: Use Cases and Technologies
A Joint Learning and Communications Framework for Federated Learning Over Wireless Networks
Artificial Neural Networks-Based Machine Learning for Wireless Networks: A Tutorial
What should 6G be
References
Toward Massive, Ultrareliable, and Low-Latency Wireless Communication With Short Packets
Ultrareliable and Low-Latency Wireless Communication: Tail, Risk, and Scale
Beyond Massive MIMO: The Potential of Data Transmission With Large Intelligent Surfaces
Artificial Neural Networks-Based Machine Learning for Wireless Networks: A Tutorial
Wireless Network Intelligence at the Edge
Related Papers (5)
Frequently Asked Questions (19)
Q2. What are the main uses of 6G?
Such empathic and haptic communications, coupled with related ideas such as affective computing in which emotion-driven devices can match their functions to their user’s mood, constitute important 6G use cases.
Q3. What are the key determinants of the system performance?
While traditional applications, such as live multimedia streaming, will remain central to 6G, the key determinants of the system performance will be four new application domains.
Q4. What is the likely scenario for 5G?
although 5G will eventually support fixed-access at mmWave frequencies, it is more likely that early 5G roll-outs will still use sub-6 GHz for supporting mobility.
Q5. Why is energy efficiency central for MBRLLC?
Energy efficiency is central for MBRLLC, not only because of its impact on reliability and rate, but also because of the resource-limited nature of 6G devices.
Q6. What is the role of drones in the 6G ecosystem?
Integrated Terrestrial, Airborne, and Satellite Networks: Beyond their inevitable role as 6G users, drones can be leveraged to complement terrestrial networks by providing connectivity to hotspots and to areas with scarce infrastructure.
Q7. What are the requirements for the new breed of wireless devices?
New protocols for authentication and identification will also be needed to handle the new breed of wireless devices that include drones, vehicles, as well as embedded and implanted devices.
Q8. What are the devices associated with the end of the smartphone era?
The devices associated with those applications range from smart wearables to integrated headsets and smart body implants that can take direct sensory inputs from human senses, bringing an end to smartphones and potentially driving a majority of 6G use cases.
Q9. What is the role of drones in the development of 6G?
both drones and terrestrial base stations may require satellite connectivity with low orbit satellites (LEO) and CubeSats to provide backhaul support and additional wide area coverage.
Q10. What is the role of 3CLS in the development of the 6G network?
3CLS is needed for various applications including CRAS, XR, and DLT.6G Protocol Designs: Owing to all trends discussed previously and their challenges, compared to 5G, 6G will require radical new protocol designs.
Q11. What are the main features of the BCI technology?
Using wireless BCI technologies instead of smartphones, people will interact with their environment and other people using discrete devices, some worn, some implanted, and some embedded in the world around them.
Q12. Why did the wireless network evolution be driven by a need for higher rates?
To date, the wireless network evolution was primarily driven by a need for higher rates, which mandated a continuous 1000x increase in network capacity.
Q13. What is the role of a communication and control co-design?
operating CRAS over 6G systems requires a communication and control co-design, whereby the performance of the 6G wireless links is optimized to cater to the stability of the control system and vice versa.
Q14. What is the need for higher data rates and SEE anywhere, anytime in 6G?
As per Trends 1 and 2, the need for higher data rates and SEE anywhere, anytime in 6G motivates exploring higher frequency bands beyond sub-6 GHz.
Q15. What are the main reasons why 5G systems are not delivering a full immersive experience?
Upcoming 5G systems still fall short of providing a full immersive XR experience capturing all sensory inputs due to their inability to deliver very low latencies for data-rate intensive XR applications.
Q16. What is the motivation behind the new architecture?
This motivates new architectural designs that need much denser deployments of tiny cells and new high-frequency mobility management techniques.
Q17. What is the way to create a full immersive experience?
Upcoming 5G systems still fall short of providing a full immersive XR experience capturing all sensory inputs due to their inabilityto deliver very low latencies for data-rate intensive XR applications.
Q18. What are the main problems in 6G?
Exploring Integrated, Heterogeneous High-Frequency Bands: Exploiting mmWave and THz in 6G brings forth several new open problems.
Q19. What is the main contribution of this article?
The main contribution of this article is a bold, forward-looking vision of 6G systems (Fig. 1) that identifies the applications, trends, and disruptive technologies, that will drive the 6G revolution.