Journal ArticleDOI
Actinobacteria isolated from termite guts as a source of novel oxidative enzymes
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TLDR
A strong relationship was observed between the environment sampled and the dominant type of oxidative enzyme activity detected (laccases and peroxidases), which suggests the possibility of future targeted screening protocols linking the physical properties of the target enzymes with specific operational conditions required, such as lignocellulosic degradation in the preparation of biofuel feedstocks.Abstract:
A multi-faceted screening programme was designed to search for the oxidases, laccase, peroxidase and tyrosinase. Actinobacteria were selectively isolated from the paunch and colon region of the hindguts of the higher termite, Amitermes hastatus. The isolates were subjected to solid media assays (dye decolourization, melanin production and the utilization of indulin AT as sole carbon source) and liquid media assays. Eleven of the 39 strains had the ability to decolourize the dye RBBR, an indicator for the production of peroxidases in actinobacteria. Melanin production on ISP6 and ISP7 agar plates served as a good indicator for laccase and/or tyrosinase production and the ability of the strains to grow in the presence of indulin AT as a sole carbon source served as a good indicator of lignin peroxidase and/or general peroxidase production. Enzyme-producing strains were cultivated in liquid media and extracellular enzyme activities measured. Strains with the ability to produce oxidative enzymes under the conditions tested were identified to genus level by 16S rRNA gene analysis and compared to known oxidase producers. A strong relationship was observed between the environment sampled (termite guts where lignocellulose degradation occurs) and the dominant type of oxidative enzyme activity detected (laccases and peroxidases), which suggests the possibility of future targeted screening protocols linking the physical properties of the target enzymes with specific operational conditions required, such as lignocellulosic degradation in the preparation of biofuel feedstocks.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The gut microbiota of insects - diversity in structure and function.
Philipp Engel,Nancy A. Moran +1 more
TL;DR: Gut bacteria of other insects have also been shown to contribute to nutrition, protection from parasites and pathogens, modulation of immune responses, and communication, and the extent of these roles is still unclear and awaits further studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lignin degradation: microorganisms, enzymes involved, genomes analysis and evolution.
Grzegorz Janusz,Anna Pawlik,Justyna Sulej,Urszula Świderska-Burek,Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka,Andrzej Paszczynski +5 more
TL;DR: A detailed description of low molecular weight compounds is presented, which gives these organisms not only an advantage in wood degradation processes, but seems rather to be a new evolutionatory alternative to enzymatic combustion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lignocellulose-degrading enzymes from termites and their symbiotic microbiota.
Jinfeng Ni,Gaku Tokuda +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, state-of-the-art research on lignocellulose-degrading systems in termites, specifically cellulases, xylanases, and lignin modification enzymes produced by termites and their symbiotic microbiota.
Journal ArticleDOI
Most dominant roles of insect gut bacteria: digestion, detoxification, or essential nutrient provision?
TL;DR: The most dominant role of gut bacteria is essential nutrient provisioning, followed by digestion and detoxification, and the weevil plays a pioneering role in diet digestion and mainly digests macromolecules which are then mainly digested by gut bacteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
Actinomycetes: A Source of Lignocellulolytic Enzymes.
TL;DR: An overview of the diversity of cellulolytic, hemicellulolyic, and lignolytic actinomycetes along with brief discussion of their hydrolytic enzyme systems involved in biomass modification is presented.
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