An overview of technologies for immobilization of enzymes and surface analysis techniques for immobilized enzymes
Nur Royhaila Mohamad,Nur Haziqah Che Marzuki,Nor Aziah Buang,Fahrul Huyop,Roswanira Abdul Wahab +4 more
TLDR
Characterization technologies at the nanoscale level to study enzymes immobilized on surfaces are crucial to obtain valuable qualitative and quantitative information, including morphological visualization of the immobilized enzymes, to assess efficacy of an immobilization technique and development of future enzyme immobilization strategies.Abstract:
The current demands of sustainable green methodologies have increased the use of enzymatic technology in industrial processes. Employment of enzyme as biocatalysts offers the benefits of mild reaction conditions, biodegradability and catalytic efficiency. The harsh conditions of industrial processes, however, increase propensity of enzyme destabilization, shortening their industrial lifespan. Consequently, the technology of enzyme immobilization provides an effective means to circumvent these concerns by enhancing enzyme catalytic properties and also simplify downstream processing and improve operational stability. There are several techniques used to immobilize the enzymes onto supports which range from reversible physical adsorption and ionic linkages, to the irreversible stable covalent bonds. Such techniques produce immobilized enzymes of varying stability due to changes in the surface microenvironment and degree of multipoint attachment. Hence, it is mandatory to obtain information about the structure of the enzyme protein following interaction with the support surface as well as interactions of the enzymes with other proteins. Characterization technologies at the nanoscale level to study enzymes immobilized on surfaces are crucial to obtain valuable qualitative and quantitative information, including morphological visualization of the immobilized enzymes. These technologies are pertinent to assess efficacy of an immobilization technique and development of future enzyme immobilization strategies.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Enzyme–MOF (metal–organic framework) composites
Xizhen Lian,Yu Fang,Elizabeth A. Joseph,Qi Wang,Jialuo Li,Sayan Banerjee,Christina T. Lollar,Xuan Wang,Hong-Cai Zhou +8 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes recent developments of MOF-enzyme composites with special emphasis on preparative techniques and the synergistic effects of enzymes and MOFs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Novozym 435: the “perfect” lipase immobilized biocatalyst?
Claudia Ortiz,María Luján Ferreira,Oveimar Barbosa,José C. S. dos Santos,Rafael C. Rodrigues,Ángel Berenguer-Murcia,Laura E. Briand,Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente +7 more
TL;DR: Novozym 435 (N435) is a commercially available immobilized lipase produced by Novozymes with its advantages and drawbacks.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent advances in enzyme immobilization techniques: Metal-organic frameworks as novel substrates
Jyotsana Mehta,Jyotsana Mehta,Neha Bhardwaj,Neha Bhardwaj,Sanjeev K. Bhardwaj,Sanjeev K. Bhardwaj,Ki-Hyun Kim,Akash Deep,Akash Deep +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss different approaches used in the development of MOF-enzyme biocatalytic supports, such as surface adsorption, diffusion, and in-situ encapsulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial lipases and their industrial applications: a comprehensive review
TL;DR: Immobilization has made the use of microbial lipases accomplish its best performance and hence suitable for several reactions and need to enhance aroma to the immobilization processes and reduce logistical liability on the environment and user.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immobilized enzymes in biosensor applications
Hoang Hiep Nguyen,Sun Hyeok Lee,Sun Hyeok Lee,Ui Jin Lee,Ui Jin Lee,Cesar D. Fermin,Moonil Kim,Moonil Kim,Moonil Kim +8 more
TL;DR: This review article investigates the operating principle of enzymatic biosensors utilizing electrochemical, optical, thermistor, and piezoelectric measurement techniques and their applications in the literature, as well as approaches in improving the use of enzymes for biosensor.
References
More filters
Book
Principles of fluorescence spectroscopy
TL;DR: This book describes the fundamental aspects of fluorescence, the biochemical applications of this methodology, and the instrumentation used in fluorescence spectroscopy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atomic force microscope
TL;DR: The atomic force microscope as mentioned in this paper is a combination of the principles of the scanning tunneling microscope and the stylus profilometer, which was proposed as a method to measure forces as small as 10-18 N. As one application for this concept, they introduce a new type of microscope capable of investigating surfaces of insulators on an atomic scale.
Journal ArticleDOI
The fluorescent toolbox for assessing protein location and function
TL;DR: The focus is on protein detection in live versus fixed cells: determination of protein expression, localization, activity state, and the possibility for combination of fluorescent light microscopy with electron microscopy.