Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Patients With Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Juanjuan Zhao,Quan Yuan,Haiyan Wang,Wei Liu,Xuejiao Liao,Yingying Su,Xin Wang,Jing Yuan,Tingdong Li,Jinxiu Li,Shen Qian,Congming Hong,Fuxiang Wang,Yingxia Liu,Zhaoqin Wang,Qing He,Zhiyong Li,Bin He,Tianying Zhang,Yang Fu,Shengxiang Ge,Lei Liu,Jun Zhang,Ningshao Xia,Zheng Zhang +24 more
TLDR
The findings provide strong empirical support for the routine application of serological testing in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients and offer vital clinical information during the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Abstract:
BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging virus. The antibody response in infected patients remains largely unknown, and the clinical value of antibody testing has not been fully demonstrated. METHODS: 173 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. Their serial plasma samples (nâ
=â
535) collected during hospitalization were tested for total antibodies (Ab), IgM, and IgG against SARS-CoV-2. The dynamics of antibodies with disease progress were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 173 patients, the seroconversion rates for Ab, IgM, and IgG were 93.1%, 82.7%, and 64.7%, respectively. The reason for the negative antibody findings in 12 patients might be due to the lack of blood samples at the later stage of illness. The median seroconversion times for Ab, IgM, and then IgG were days 11, 12, and 4, respectively. The presence of antibodies wasâ
<40% among patients within 1 week of onset, and rapidly increased to 100.0% (Ab), 94.3% (IgM), and 79.8% (IgG) by day 15 after onset. In contrast, RNA detectability decreased from 66.7% (58/87) in samples collected before day 7 to 45.5% (25/55) during days 15-39. Combining RNA and antibody detection significantly improved the sensitivity of pathogenic diagnosis for COVID-19 (Pâ
<â
.001), even in the early phase of 1 week from onset (Pâ
=â
.007). Moreover, a higher titer of Ab was independently associated with a worse clinical classification (Pâ
=â
.006). CONCLUSIONS: Antibody detection offers vital clinical information during the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings provide strong empirical support for the routine application of serological testing in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients.read more
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Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review.
W. Joost Wiersinga,Andrew Rhodes,Allen C. Cheng,Sharon J. Peacock,Sharon J. Peacock,Hallie C. Prescott +5 more
TL;DR: This review discusses current evidence regarding the pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic that has caused a worldwide sudden and substantial increase in hospitalizations for pneumonia with multiorgan disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimating the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in Europe.
Seth Flaxman,Swapnil Mishra,Axel Gandy,H. Juliette T. Unwin,Thomas A. Mellan,Helen Coupland,Charles Whittaker,Harrison Zhu,Tresnia Berah,Jeffrey W. Eaton,Melodie Monod,Azra C. Ghani,Christl A. Donnelly,Christl A. Donnelly,Steven Riley,Michaela A. C. Vollmer,Neil M. Ferguson,Lucy C Okell,Samir Bhatt +18 more
TL;DR: The results show that major non-pharmaceutical interventions and lockdown in particular have had a large effect on reducing transmission and continued intervention should be considered to keep transmission of SARS-CoV-2 under control.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (ENE-COVID): a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study.
Marina Pollán,Beatriz Pérez-Gómez,Roberto Pastor-Barriuso,Jesús Oteo,Miguel A. Hernán,Miguel A. Hernán,Mayte Pérez-Olmeda,Jose L Sanmartín,Aurora Fernández-García,Aurora Fernández-García,Israel Cruz,Nerea Fernández de Larrea,Marta Molina,Francisco Rodríguez-Cabrera,Mariano Martín,Paloma Merino-Amador,Jose León Paniagua,Juan F Muñoz-Montalvo,Faustino Blanco,Raquel Yotti,Rodrigo Gutiérrez Fernández,Saturnino Mezcua Navarro,Matías Salinero Hernández,Manuel Cuenca-Estrella,Pablo Fernández-Navarro,Ana Avellón,Giovanni Fedele,Jesús Oteo Iglesias,María Teresa Pérez Olmeda,Maria Elena Martinez,Francisco D. Rodríguez-Cabrera,Susana Padrones Fernández,José Manuel Rumbao Aguirre,José M. Navarro Marí,Begoña Palop Borrás,Ana Belén Pérez Jiménez,Manuel Rodríguez-Iglesias,Ana María Calvo Gascón,María Luz Lou Alcaine,Ignacio Donate Suárez,Oscar Suárez Álvarez,Mercedes Rodríguez Pérez,Margarita Cases Sanchís,Carlos Javier Villafáfila Gomila,Lluis Carbo Saladrigas,Adoración Hurtado Fernández,Antonio Oliver,Elías Castro Feliciano,María Noemí González Quintana,José María Barrasa Fernández,María Araceli Hernández Betancor,Melisa Hernández Febles,Leopoldo Martín Martín,Luis-Mariano López López,Teresa Ugarte Miota,Inés De Benito Población,María Sagrario Celada Pérez,María Natalia Vallés Fernández,Tomás Maté Enríquez,Miguel Villa Arranz,Marta Domínguez-Gil González,Isabel Fernández-Natal,Gregoria Megías Lobón,Juan Luis Muñoz Bellido,Pilar Ciruela,Ariadna Mas i Casals,Maria Doladé Botías,M. Angeles Marcos Maeso,Dúnia Pérez del Campo,Antonio Félix de Castro,Ramón Limón Ramírez,Maria Francisca Elías Retamosa,Manuela Rubio González,María Sinda Blanco Lobeiras,Alberto Fuentes Losada,Antonio Aguilera,Germán Bou,Yolanda Caro,Noemí Marauri,Luis Miguel Soria Blanco,Isabel González,Montserrat Hernández Pascual,Roberto Alonso Fernández,Natalia Cabrera Castro,Aurora Tomás Lizcano,Cristóbal Ramírez Almagro,M. Hernández,Nieves Ascunce Elizaga,María Ederra Sanz,Carmen Ezpeleta Baquedano,Ana Bustinduy Bascaran,Susana Iglesias Tamayo,Luis Elorduy Otazua,Rebeca Benarroch Benarroch,Jesús Lopera Flores,Antonia Vázquez de la Villa +95 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a nationwide population-based study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain at national and regional level.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science.
Nicolas Vabret,Graham J. Britton,Conor Gruber,Samarth Hegde,Joel Kim,Maria Kuksin,Rachel Levantovsky,Louise Malle,Alvaro Moreira,Matthew D. Park,Luisanna Pia,Emma Risson,Miriam Saffern,Bérengère Salomé,Myvizhi Esai Selvan,Matthew P. Spindler,Jessica Tan,Verena van der Heide,Jill Gregory,Konstantina Alexandropoulos,Nina Bhardwaj,Brian D. Brown,Benjamin Greenbaum,Zeynep H. Gümüş,Dirk Homann,Amir Horowitz,Alice O. Kamphorst,Maria A. Curotto de Lafaille,Saurabh Mehandru,Miriam Merad,Robert M. Samstein,Manasi Agrawal,Mark Aleynick,Meriem Belabed,Matthew Brown,Maria Casanova-Acebes,Jovani Catalan,Monica Centa,Andrew Charap,Andrew K Chan,Steven T. Chen,Jonathan Chung,Cansu Cimen Bozkus,Evan Cody,Francesca Cossarini,Erica Dalla,Nicolas F. Fernandez,John A. Grout,Dan Fu Ruan,Pauline Hamon,Etienne Humblin,Divya Jha,Julia Kodysh,Andrew Leader,Matthew Lin,Katherine E. Lindblad,Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo,Gabrielle Lubitz,Assaf Magen,Zafar Mahmood,Gustavo Martinez-Delgado,Jaime Mateus-Tique,Elliot Meritt,Chang Moon,Justine Noel,Timothy O'Donnell,Miyo Ota,Tamar Plitt,Venu Pothula,Jamie Redes,Ivan Reyes Torres,Mark P. Roberto,Alfonso R. Sanchez-Paulete,Joan Shang,Alessandra Soares Schanoski,Maria Suprun,Michelle Tran,Natalie Vaninov,C. Matthias Wilk,Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso,Dusan Bogunovic,Judy H. Cho,Jeremiah J. Faith,Emilie K. Grasset,Peter S. Heeger,Ephraim Kenigsberg,Florian Krammer,Uri Laserson +87 more
TL;DR: The current state of knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immunological pathways that likely contribute to disease severity and death are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy.
TL;DR: Defining the immunopathological changes in patients with COVID-19 provides potential targets for drug discovery and is important for clinical management.
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