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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Applications of nanotechnology for immunology

Douglas M. Smith, +2 more
- 01 Aug 2013 - 
- Vol. 13, Iss: 8, pp 592-605
TLDR
The engineering of nanostructure materials, including nanoparticles, nanoemulsions or nanotubules, holds great promise for the development of new immunomodulatory agents, as such nanostructures can be used to more effectively manipulate or deliver immunologically active components to target sites.
Abstract
Nanotechnology uses the unique properties of objects that function as a unit within the overall size range of 1-1,000 nanometres. The engineering of nanostructure materials, including nanoparticles, nanoemulsions or nanotubules, holds great promise for the development of new immunomodulatory agents, as such nanostructures can be used to more effectively manipulate or deliver immunologically active components to target sites. Successful applications of nanotechnology in the field of immunology will enable new generations of vaccines, adjuvants and immunomodulatory drugs that aim to improve clinical outcomes in response to a range of infectious and non-infectious diseases.

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Citations
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Cancer nanomedicine: progress, challenges and opportunities.

TL;DR: Novel engineering approaches are discussed that capitalize on the growing understanding of tumour biology and nano–bio interactions to develop more effective nanotherapeutics for cancer patients.
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The effect of nanoparticle size on in vivo pharmacokinetics and cellular interaction.

TL;DR: The effects of nanoparticle size on cellular interaction and in vivo pharmacokinetics, including cellular uptake, biodistribution and circulation half-life of nanoparticles are reviewed.
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Synthetic Nanoparticles for Vaccines and Immunotherapy

TL;DR: A review of nanoparticle-based strategies to immune modulation in detail, and discuss the promise and outstanding challenges facing the field of immune engineering from a chemical biology/materials engineering perspective can be found in this article.
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Antigen-capturing nanoparticles improve the abscopal effect and cancer immunotherapy.

TL;DR: It is shown that AC-NPs deliver tumour-specific proteins to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and significantly improve the efficacy of αPD-1 (anti-programmed cell death 1) treatment using the B16F10 melanoma model, generating up to a 20% cure rate compared with 0% without AC- NPs.
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Recent advances of cocktail chemotherapy by combination drug delivery systems.

TL;DR: This review surveys the most recent advances in combination delivery of multiple small molecule chemotherapeutics using nanocarriers and highlights the sequential and site-specific co-delivery strategies, which provide new guidelines for development of programmable combination drug delivery systems.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

James D. Watson, +1 more
- 25 Apr 1953 - 
TL;DR: The determination in 1953 of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), with its two entwined helices and paired organic bases, was a tour de force in X-ray crystallography and opened the way for a deeper understanding of perhaps the most important biological process.

Van Damme A.

Journal ArticleDOI

Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. J.D. Watson and F.H.C. Crick. Published in Nature, number 4356 April 25, 1953.

Watson Jd, +1 more
- 26 Apr 1974 - 
TL;DR: A structure for nucleic acid has already been proposed by Pauling and Corey and it is believed that the material which gives the X-ray diagrams is the salt, not the free acid, so without the acidic hydrogen atoms it is not clear what forces would hold the structure together.
Journal ArticleDOI

Vaccine delivery: a matter of size, geometry, kinetics and molecular patterns

TL;DR: This Review discusses the approaches currently being used to optimize the delivery of antigens and enhance vaccine efficacy and focuses on vaccines that have all the properties of pathogens with the exception of causing disease.
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