Argo Data 1999–2019: Two Million Temperature-Salinity Profiles and Subsurface Velocity Observations From a Global Array of Profiling Floats
Annie P. S. Wong,Susan Wijffels,Stephen C. Riser,Sylvie Pouliquen,Shigeki Hosoda,Dean Roemmich,John Gilson,Gregory C. Johnson,Kim I. Martini,David J. Murphy,Megan Scanderbeg,T. V. S. Udaya Bhaskar,Justin J. H. Buck,Frederic Merceur,Thierry Carval,Guillaume Maze,Cécile Cabanes,Xavier Andre,Noe Poffa,Igor Yashayaev,Paul M. Barker,Stephanie Guinehut,Mathieu Belbeoch,Mark Ignaszewski,Molly O. Baringer,Claudia Schmid,John M. Lyman,Kristene E. McTaggart,Sarah G. Purkey,N. V. Zilberman,Matthew B. Alkire,Dana D. Swift,W. Brechner Owens,Steven R. Jayne,Cora Hersh,Pelle Robbins,Deb West-Mack,Frank Bahr,Sachiko Yoshida,Philip Sutton,Romain Cancouët,Christine Coatanoan,Delphine Dobbler,Andrea Garcia Juan,Jérôme Gourrion,Nicolas Kolodziejczyk,Vincent Bernard,Bernard Bourlès,Hervé Claustre,Fabrizio D'Ortenzio,Serge Le Reste,Pierre Yve Le Traon,Jean Philippe Rannou,Carole Saout-Grit,Sabrina Speich,Virginie Thierry,Nathalie Verbrugge,Ingrid M. Angel-Benavides,Birgit Klein,Giulio Notarstefano,Pierre-Marie Poulain,Pedro Vélez-Belchí,Toshio Suga,Kentaro Ando,Naoto Iwasaska,Taiyo Kobayashi,Shuhei Masuda,Eitarou Oka,Kanako Sato,Tomoaki Nakamura,Katsunari Sato,Yasushi Takatsuki,Takashi Yoshida,Rebecca Cowley,Jenny Lovell,Peter R. Oke,Esmee M. van Wijk,Esmee M. van Wijk,Fiona Carse,Matthew Donnelly,W. John Gould,Katie Gowers,Brian A. King,Stephen Loch,Mary Mowat,Jon Turton,E. Pattabhi Rama Rao,M. Ravichandran,Howard J. Freeland,Isabelle Gaboury,Denis Gilbert,Blair J. W. Greenan,Mathieu Ouellet,Tetjana Ross,Anh Tran,Mingmei Dong,Zenghong Liu,Jianping Xu,Ki Ryong Kang,Hyeong Jun Jo,Sung Dae Kim,Hyuk Min Park +101 more
TLDR
The history of the global Argo Program, from its aspiration arising out of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, to the development and implementation of its instrumentation and telecommunication systems, and the various technical problems encountered, is described in this article.Abstract:
In the past two decades, the Argo Program has collected, processed and distributed over two million vertical profiles of temperature and salinity from the upper two kilometers of the global ocean. A similar number of subsurface velocity observations near 1000 dbar have also been collected. This paper recounts the history of the global Argo Program, from its aspiration arising out of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, to the development and implementation of its instrumentation and telecommunication systems, and the various technical problems encountered. We describe the Argo data system and its quality control procedures, and the gradual changes in the vertical resolution and spatial coverage of Argo data from 1999 to 2019. The accuracies of the float data have been assessed by comparison with high-quality shipboard measurements, and are concluded to be 0.002°C for temperature, 2.4 dbar for pressure, and 0.01 PSS-78 for salinity, after delayed-mode adjustments. Finally, the challenges faced by the vision of an expanding Argo Program beyond 2020 are discussed.read more
Citations
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On the Future of Argo: A Global, Full-Depth, Multi-Disciplinary Array
Dean Roemmich,Matthew H. Alford,Hervé Claustre,Kenneth S. Johnson,Brian A. King,James N. Moum,Peter R. Oke,W. Brechner Owens,Sylvie Pouliquen,Sarah G. Purkey,Megan Scanderbeg,Toshio Suga,Susan Wijffels,N. V. Zilberman,Dorothee C. E. Bakker,Molly O. Baringer,Mathieu Belbeoch,Henry C. Bittig,Emmanuel Boss,Paulo H. R. Calil,Fiona Carse,Thierry Carval,Fei Chai,Diarmuid Ó. Conchubhair,Fabrizio D'Ortenzio,Giorgio Dall'Olmo,Damien Desbruyères,Katja Fennel,Ilker Fer,Raffaele Ferrari,Gael Forget,Howard J. Freeland,Tetsuichi Fujiki,Marion Gehlen,Blair J. W. Greenan,Robert Hallberg,Toshiyuki Hibiya,Shigeki Hosoda,Steven R. Jayne,Markus Jochum,Gregory C. Johnson,KiRyong Kang,Nicolas Kolodziejczyk,Arne Körtzinger,Pierre-Yves Le Traon,Yueng-Djern Lenn,Guillaume Maze,Kjell Arne Mork,Tamaryn Morris,Takeyoshi Nagai,Jonathan D. Nash,Alberto C. Naveira Garabato,Are Olsen,Rama Rao E. Pattabhi,Satya Prakash,Stephen C. Riser,Catherine Schmechtig,Claudia Schmid,Emily L. Shroyer,Andreas Sterl,Philip Sutton,Lynne D. Talley,Toste Tanhua,Virginie Thierry,Sandy J. Thomalla,John M. Toole,Ariel Troisi,Thomas W. Trull,Jon Turton,Pedro Vélez-Belchí,Waldemar Walczowski,Haili Wang,Rik Wanninkhof,Amy F. Waterhouse,Stephanie Waterman,Andrew J. Watson,Cara Wilson,Annie P. S. Wong,Jianping Xu,Ichiro Yasuda +79 more
TL;DR: The objective is to create a fully global, top-to-bottom, dynamically complete, and multidisciplinary Argo Program that will integrate seamlessly with satellite and with other in situ elements of the Global Ocean Observing System.
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