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Journal ArticleDOI

Binding activities of a repertoire of single immunoglobulin variable domains secreted from Escherichia coli

TLDR
Isolated variable domains may offer an alternative to monoclonal antibodies and serve as the key to building high-affinity human antibodies and the name 'single domain antibodies (dAbs)' is suggested for these antigen binding demands.
Abstract
IN antibodies, a heavy and a light chain variable domain, VH and VL, respectively, pack together and the hypervariable loops on each domain contribute to binding antigen1–4. We find, however, that isolated VH domains with good antigen-binding affinities can also be prepared. Using the polymerase chain reaction5, diverse libraries of VH genes were cloned from the spleen genomic DNA of mice immunized with either lysozyme or keyhole-limpet haemocyanin. From these libraries, VH domains were expressed and secreted from Escherichia coli. Binding activities were detected against both antigens, and two VH domains were characterized with affinities for lysozyme in the 20 nM range. Isolated variable domains may offer an alternative to monoclonal antibodies and serve as the key to building high-affinity human antibodies. We suggest the name 'single domain antibodies (dAbs)' for these antigen binding demands.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Kinetic analysis of engineered antibody-antigen interactions.

TL;DR: The detailed analysis both kinetic and equilibrium binding affinity are essential to understand the activity of the molecules resulting from antibody engineering and to guide the progress of their further design.
Patent

Monoclonal antibodies which recognise malignant cells from bladder carcinomas

TL;DR: In this article, a family of novel antigens associated with malignant cells of bladder carcinomas is described. And the authors present methods of detecting bladder carcinoma using those antigenectors, fragments or portions thereof, or single domain antibodies, to kits for use in those methods and to methods of treating bladder cancer using the antibodies.
Journal ArticleDOI

A conserved hydrophobic patch on Vβ domains revealed by TCRβ chain crystal structures: Implications for pre-TCR dimerization.

TL;DR: In this paper, the crystal structures of individual β subunits, termed N15β (Vβ5.2Dβ2Jβ2.6Cβ2), were derived from two αβ TCRs specific for the immunodominant vesicular stomatitis virus octapeptide (VSV-8) bound to the murine H-2K(b) class I molecule.
Patent

Glycan conjugates and use thereof

TL;DR: In this article, a mixture of synthetic glycan conjugates and immunogenic compositions of Neisseria meningitidis is described, where the glycan moiety is covalently linked to the carrier through a linker.
Journal ArticleDOI

"Cleavable" hapten-biotin conjugates: preparation and use for the generation of anti-steroid single-domain antibody fragments.

TL;DR: Cleavable hapten-biotin conjugates are prepared and used to isolate anti-hapten antibody fragments with relatively low affinities and Random point mutations were introduced by error-prone PCR into the gene fragment encoding the V(H) domain of a mouse anti-E(2) antibody.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4

TL;DR: Using an improved method of gel electrophoresis, many hitherto unknown proteins have been found in bacteriophage T4 and some of these have been identified with specific gene products.
Journal Article

Cleavage of structural proteins during the assemble of the head of bacterio-phage T4

U. K. Laemmli
- 01 Jan 1970 - 
TL;DR: Using an improved method of gel electrophoresis, many hitherto unknown proteins have been found in bacteriophage T4 and some of these have been identified with specific gene products as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI

Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications.

TL;DR: A method has been devised for the electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets that results in quantitative transfer of ribosomal proteins from gels containing urea.
Book

Experiments in molecular genetics

TL;DR: Molecular Genetics (Biology): An Overview | Sciencing Experimental in Molecular Genetics Experiments in molecular genetics (1972 edition) | Open ...
Journal ArticleDOI

Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains: nucleotide sequences of the M13mp18 and pUC19 vectors

TL;DR: New Escherichia coli host strains have been constructed for the E. coli bacteriophage M13 and the high-copy-number pUC-plasmid cloning vectors and mutations introduced into these strains improve cloning of unmodified DNA and of repetitive sequences.
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