Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiversity conservation: challenges beyond 2010.
Michael R. W. Rands,William M. Adams,Leon Bennun,Stuart H. M. Butchart,Andrew Clements,David A. Coomes,Abigail Entwistle,Ian Hodge,Valerie Kapos,Valerie Kapos,Jörn P. W. Scharlemann,William J. Sutherland,Bhaskar Vira +12 more
TLDR
It is argued that more radical changes are required that recognize biodiversity as a global public good, that integrate biodiversity conservation into policies and decision frameworks for resource production and consumption, and that focus on wider institutional and societal changes to enable more effective implementation of policy.Abstract:
The continued growth of human populations and of per capita consumption have resulted in unsustainable exploitation of Earth’s biological diversity, exacerbated by climate change, ocean acidification, and other anthropogenic environmental impacts. We argue that effective conservation of biodiversity is essential for human survival and the maintenance of ecosystem processes. Despite some conservation successes (especially at local scales) and increasing public and government interest in living sustainably, biodiversity continues to decline. Moving beyond 2010, successful conservation approaches need to be reinforced and adequately financed. In addition, however, more radical changes are required that recognize biodiversity as a global public good, that integrate biodiversity conservation into policies and decision frameworks for resource production and consumption, and that focus on wider institutional and societal changes to enable more effective implementation of policy.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: a review.
TL;DR: Ingestion of microplastics has been demonstrated in a range of marine organisms, a process which may facilitate the transfer of chemical additives or hydrophobic waterborne pollutants to biota.
Journal ArticleDOI
Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems
Nick M. Haddad,Lars A. Brudvig,Jean Clobert,Kendi F. Davies,Andrew Gonzalez,Robert D. Holt,Thomas E. Lovejoy,Joseph O. Sexton,Mike P. Austin,Cathy D. Collins,William M. Cook,Ellen I. Damschen,Robert M. Ewers,Bryan L. Foster,Clinton N. Jenkins,Andrew J. King,William F. Laurance,Douglas J. Levey,Chris Margules,Chris Margules,Brett A. Melbourne,A. O. Nicholls,A. O. Nicholls,John L. Orrock,Dan-Xia Song,John R. Townshend +25 more
TL;DR: An analysis of global forest cover is conducted to reveal that 70% of remaining forest is within 1 km of the forest’s edge, subject to the degrading effects of fragmentation, indicating an urgent need for conservation and restoration measures to improve landscape connectivity.
Supplementary Materials for Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth's ecosystems
Nick M. Haddad,Lars A. Brudvig,Jean Clobert,Kendi F. Davies,Andrew Gonzalez,Robert D. Holt,Thomas E. Lovejoy,Joseph O. Sexton,Mike P. Austin,Cathy D. Collins,William M. Cook,Ellen I. Damschen,Robert M. Ewers,Bryan L. Foster,Clinton N. Jenkins,Andrew J. King,William F. Laurance,Douglas J. Levey,Chris R. Margules,Brett A. Melbourne,A. O. Nicholls,John L. Orrock,Dan-Xia Song,John R. Townshend +23 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted an analysis of global forest cover to reveal that 70% of remaining forest is within 1 km of the forest's edge, subject to the degrading effects of fragmentation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiversity and ecosystem services: a multilayered relationship
TL;DR: Biodiversity has key roles at all levels of the ecosystem service hierarchy: as a regulator of underpinning ecosystem processes, as a final ecosystem service and as a good that is subject to valuation, whether economic or otherwise.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: a consensus of current knowledge
D. U. Hooper,F. S. Chapin,John J. Ewel,Andy Hector,P. Inchausti,Sandra Lavorel,John H. Lawton,David M. Lodge,Michel Loreau,Shahid Naeem,Bernhard Schmid,Heikki Setälä,Amy J. Symstad,John Vandermeer,David A. Wardle,David A. Wardle +15 more
TL;DR: Understanding this complexity, while taking strong steps to minimize current losses of species, is necessary for responsible management of Earth's ecosystems and the diverse biota they contain.
Journal ArticleDOI
A General Framework for Analyzing Sustainability of Social-Ecological Systems
Elinor Ostrom,Elinor Ostrom +1 more
TL;DR: A general framework is used to identify 10 subsystem variables that affect the likelihood of self-organization in efforts to achieve a sustainable SES.
Report by the commission on the measurement of economic performance and social progress
TL;DR: As a measure of market capacity and not economic well-being, the authors pointed out that the two can lead to misleading indications about how well-off people are and entail the wrong policy decisions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Biodiversity: Indicators of Recent Declines
Stuart H. M. Butchart,Stuart H. M. Butchart,Matt Walpole,Ben Collen,Arco J. van Strien,Jörn P. W. Scharlemann,Rosamunde E. A. Almond,Jonathan E. M. Baillie,Bastian Bomhard,Ciaire Brown,John F. Bruno,Kent E. Carpenter,Geneviève M. Carr,Janice Chanson,Anna M. Chenery,Jorge Csirke,Nick C. Davidson,Frank Dentener,Matthew N. Foster,Alessandro Galli,James N. Galloway,Piero Genovesi,Richard D. Gregory,Marc Hockings,Valerie Kapos,Valerie Kapos,Jean-Francois Lamarque,Fiona Leverington,Jonathan Loh,Melodie A. McGeoch,Louise McRae,Anahit Minasyan,Monica Hernández Morcillo,Thomasina E.E. Oldfield,Daniel Pauly,Suhel Quader,Carmen Revenga,John R. Sauer,Benjamin Skolnik,Dian Spear,Damon Stanwell-Smith,Simon N. Stuart,Andy Symes,Megan Tierney,Tristan D. Tyrrell,Jean Christophe Vié,Reg Watson +46 more
TL;DR: Most indicators of the state of biodiversity showed declines, with no significant recent reductions in rate, whereas indicators of pressures on biodiversity showed increases, indicating that the Convention on Biological Diversity’s 2010 targets have not been met.
Book
Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems
Lance Gunderson,C. S. Holling +1 more
TL;DR: The authors examines theories (models) of how systems (those of humans, nature, and combined humannatural systems) function, and attempts to understand those theories and how they can help researchers develop effective institutions and policies for environmental management.
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