Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning change along environmental stress gradients
Bastian Steudel,Bastian Steudel,Andy Hector,Thomas Friedl,Christian Löfke,Maike Lorenz,Moritz Wesche,Michael Kessler +7 more
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TLDR
It is found that positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning decreased with increasing stress intensity in absolute terms, but in relative terms, increasing stress had a stronger negative effect on low-diversity communities.Abstract:
Positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has been observed in many studies, but how this relationship is affected by environmental stress is largely unknown. To explore this influence, we measured the biomass of microalgae grown in microcosms along two stress gradients, heat and salinity, and compared our results with 13 published case studies that measured biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships under varying environmental conditions. We found that positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning decreased with increasing stress intensity in absolute terms. However, in relative terms, increasing stress had a stronger negative effect on low-diversity communities. This shows that more diverse biotic communities are functionally less susceptible to environmental stress, emphasises the need to maintain high levels of biodiversity as an insurance against impacts of changing environmental conditions and sets the stage for exploring the mechanisms underlying biodiversity effects in stressed ecosystems.read more
Citations
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Enhancing the productivity of microalgae cultivated in wastewater toward biofuel production: A critical review
Guanyi Chen,Liu Zhao,Yun Qi +2 more
TL;DR: The mixed native algae species and employment of two-stage cultivation strategy as potential breakthrough toward sustainable and economic microalgae biofuel production using wastewater as a medium for cultivation is recommended.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tree diversity and species identity effects on soil fungi, protists and animals are context dependent
Leho Tedersoo,Mohammad Bahram,Tomáš Cajthaml,Sergei Põlme,Indrek Hiiesalu,Sten Anslan,Helery Harend,Franz Buegger,Karin Pritsch,Julia Koricheva,Kessy Abarenkov +10 more
TL;DR: This work developed a DNA metabarcoding approach to identify the major eukaryote groups directly from soil with roughly species-level resolution and revealed that on a local scale, soil resources and tree species have stronger effect on diversity of soil biota than tree species richness per se.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning in a 15-year grassland experiment: Patterns, mechanisms, and open questions
Wolfgang W. Weisser,Christiane Roscher,Sebastian T. Meyer,Anne Ebeling,Guangjuan Luo,Eric Allan,Holger Beßler,Romain L. Barnard,Romain L. Barnard,Nina Buchmann,François Buscot,Christof Engels,Christine Fischer,Christine Fischer,Markus Fischer,Arthur Gessler,Gerd Gleixner,Stefan Halle,Anke Hildebrandt,Anke Hildebrandt,Helmut Hillebrand,Hans de Kroon,Markus Lange,Sophia Leimer,Xavier Le Roux,Alexandru Milcu,Alexandru Milcu,Liesje Mommer,Pascal A. Niklaus,Pascal A. Niklaus,Yvonne Oelmann,Raphaël Proulx,Jacques Roy,Christoph Scherber,Michael Scherer-Lorenzen,Stefan Scheu,Teja Tscharntke,Michael Wachendorf,Cameron Wagg,Alexandra Weigelt,Wolfgang Wilcke,Christian Wirth,Ernst Detlef Schulze,Bernhard Schmid,Nico Eisenhauer +44 more
TL;DR: The results from the Jena Experiment provide further evidence that diversity begets stability, for example stability against invasion of plant species, but unexpectedly some results also suggested the opposite, e.g. when plant communities experience severe perturbations or elevated resource availability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiversity and species competition regulate the resilience of microbial biofilm community.
Kai Feng,Zhaojing Zhang,Zhaojing Zhang,Weiwei Cai,Weiwei Cai,Wenzong Liu,Meiying Xu,Huaqun Yin,Aijie Wang,Zhili He,Zhili He,Ye Deng +11 more
TL;DR: This study investigated the resilience of biofilm communities with a gradient of diversity, and explored the relationship between biodiversity and stability in response to a pH shock, showing that all bioreactors could recover to stable performance after pH disturbance.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Future of Complementarity: Disentangling Causes from Consequences
Kathryn E. Barry,Liesje Mommer,Jasper van Ruijven,Christian Wirth,Christian Wirth,Alexandra J. Wright,Yongfei Bai,John Connolly,Gerlinde B. De Deyn,Hans de Kroon,Forest Isbell,Alexandru Milcu,Alexandru Milcu,Christiane Roscher,Michael Scherer-Lorenzen,Bernhard Schmid,Alexandra Weigelt +16 more
TL;DR: It is argued that disentangling three causes of complementarity into three types of species differences that may cause enhanced ecosystem functioning in more diverse ecosystems is crucial for predicting the response of ecosystems to future biodiversity loss.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Extinction risk from climate change
Chris D. Thomas,Alison Cameron,Rhys E. Green,Rhys E. Green,Michel Bakkenes,Linda J. Beaumont,Yvonne C. Collingham,Barend F.N. Erasmus,Marinez Ferreira de Siqueira,Alan Grainger,Lee Hannah,Lesley Hughes,Brian Huntley,Albert S. van Jaarsveld,Guy F. Midgley,Lera Miles,Lera Miles,Miguel A. Ortega-Huerta,A. Townsend Peterson,Oliver L. Phillips,Stephen E. Williams +20 more
TL;DR: Estimates of extinction risks for sample regions that cover some 20% of the Earth's terrestrial surface show the importance of rapid implementation of technologies to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and strategies for carbon sequestration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity
Bradley J. Cardinale,J. Emmett Duffy,Andrew Gonzalez,David U. Hooper,Charles Perrings,Patrick Venail,Anita Narwani,Georgina M. Mace,David Tilman,David A. Wardle,Ann P. Kinzig,Gretchen C. Daily,Michel Loreau,James B. Grace,Anne Larigauderie,Diane S. Srivastava,Shahid Naeem +16 more
TL;DR: It is argued that human actions are dismantling the Earth’s ecosystems, eliminating genes, species and biological traits at an alarming rate, and the question of how such loss of biological diversity will alter the functioning of ecosystems and their ability to provide society with the goods and services needed to prosper is asked.
Journal ArticleDOI
Consequences of changing biodiversity
F. Stuart Chapin,Erika S. Zavaleta,Valerie T. Eviner,Rosamond L. Naylor,Peter M. Vitousek,Heather L. Reynolds,David U. Hooper,Sandra Lavorel,Osvaldo E. Sala,Sarah E. Hobbie,Michelle C. Mack,Sandra Díaz +11 more
TL;DR: The large ecological and societal consequences of changing biodiversity should be minimized to preserve options for future solutions to global environmental problems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Partitioning selection and complementarity in biodiversity experiments
Michel Loreau,Andy Hector +1 more
TL;DR: The selection effect is zero on average and varies from negative to positive in different localities, depending on whether species with lower- or higher-than-average biomass dominate communities, while the complementarity effect is positive overall, supporting the hypothesis that plant diversity influences primary production in European grasslands through niche differentiation or facilitation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiversity and ecosystem productivity in a fluctuating environment: The insurance hypothesis
Shigeo Yachi,Michel Loreau +1 more
TL;DR: A general stochastic dynamic model is developed to assess the effects of species richness on the expected temporal mean and variance of ecosystem processes such as productivity, based on individual species' productivity responses to environmental fluctuations, and provides a strong theoretical foundation for the insurance hypothesis.
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