Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon dynamics of Oregon and Northern California forests and potential land-based carbon storage.
Tara W. Hudiburg,Beverly E. Law,David P. Turner,John Campbell,Daniel C. Donato,Maureen V. Duane +5 more
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Estimation of several important components of the carbon balance in forests in Oregon and Northern California during the 1990s found there is still potential to significantly increase the land-based carbon storage by increasing rotation age and reducing harvest rates.Abstract:
Net uptake of carbon from the atmosphere (net ecosystem production, NEP) is dependent on climate, disturbance history, management practices, forest age, and forest type To improve understanding of the influence of these factors on forest carbon stocks and flux in the western United States, federal inventory data and supplemental field measurements at additional plots were used to estimate several important components of the carbon balance in forests in Oregon and Northern California during the 1990s Species- and ecoregion-specific allometric equations were used to estimate live and dead biomass stores, net primary productivity (NPP), and mortality In the semiarid East Cascades and mesic Coast Range, mean total biomass was 8 and 24 kg C/m 2 , and mean NPP was 030 and 078 kg Cm � 2 � yr � 1 , respectively Maximum NPP and dead biomass stores were most influenced by climate, whereas maximum live biomass stores and mortality were most influenced by forest type Within ecoregions, mean live and dead biomass were usually higher on public lands, primarily because of the younger age class distribution on private lands Decrease in NPP with age was not general across ecoregions, with no marked decline in old stands (200 years old) in some ecoregions In the absence of stand-replacing disturbance, total landscape carbon stocks could theoretically increase from 32 6 034 Pg C to 59 6 134 Pg C (a 46% increase) if forests were managed for maximum carbon storage Although the theoretical limit is probably unattainable, given the timber-based economy and fire regimes in some ecoregions, there is still potential to significantly increase the land-based carbon storage by increasing rotation age and reducing harvest ratesread more
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Global patterns of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, latent heat, and sensible heat derived from eddy covariance, satellite, and meteorological observations
Abstract: We upscaled FLUXNET observations of carbon dioxide, water, and energy fluxes to the global scale using the machine learning technique, model tree ensembles (MTE). We trained MTE to predict site-level gross primary productivity (GPP), terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), latent energy (LE), and sensible heat (H) based on remote sensing indices, climate and meteorological data, and information on land use. We applied the trained MTEs to generate global flux fields at a 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees spatial resolution and a monthly temporal resolution from 1982 to 2008. Cross-validation analyses revealed good performance of MTE in predicting among-site flux variability with modeling efficiencies (MEf) between 0.64 and 0.84, except for NEE (MEf = 0.32). Performance was also good for predicting seasonal patterns (MEf between 0.84 and 0.89, except for NEE (0.64)). By comparison, predictions of monthly anomalies were not as strong (MEf between 0.29 and 0.52). Improved accounting of disturbance and lagged environmental effects, along with improved characterization of errors in the training data set, would contribute most to further reducing uncertainties. Our global estimates of LE (158 +/- 7 J x 10(18) yr(-1)), H (164 +/- 15 J x 10(18) yr(-1)), and GPP (119 +/- 6 Pg C yr(-1)) were similar to independent estimates. Our global TER estimate (96 +/- 6 Pg C yr(-1)) was likely underestimated by 5-10%. Hot spot regions of interannual variability in carbon fluxes occurred in semiarid to semihumid regions and were controlled by moisture supply. Overall, GPP was more important to interannual variability in NEE than TER. Our empirically derived fluxes may be used for calibration and evaluation of land surface process models and for exploratory and diagnostic assessments of the biosphere.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global patterns of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, latent heat, and sensible heat derived from eddy covariance, satellite, and meteorological observations
Martin Jung,Markus Reichstein,Hank A. Margolis,Alessandro Cescatti,Andrew D. Richardson,M. Altaf Arain,Almut Arneth,Almut Arneth,Christian Bernhofer,Damien Bonal,Jiquan Chen,Damiano Gianelle,Nadine Gobron,Gerald Kiely,Werner L. Kutsch,Gitta Lasslop,Beverly E. Law,Anders Lindroth,Lutz Merbold,Leonardo Montagnani,Leonardo Montagnani,Eddy Moors,Dario Papale,Matteo Sottocornola,Francesco Primo Vaccari,Christopher B. Williams +25 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors upscaled FLUXNET observations of carbon dioxide, water, and energy fluxes to the global scale using the machine learning technique, model tree ensembles (MTE), to predict site-level gross primary productivity (GPP), terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), latent energy (LE), and sensible heat (H) based on remote sensing indices, climate and meteorological data, and information on land use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes after disturbance in forests of North America
B. D. Amiro,Alan G. Barr,Jordan G. Barr,T. A. Black,Rosvel Bracho,Mathew Brown,Jiquan Chen,Kenneth L. Clark,Kenneth J. Davis,Ankur R. Desai,Sylvain Doré,Vic Engel,Jose D. Fuentes,Allen H. Goldstein,Michael L. Goulden,Thomas Kolb,Michael B. Lavigne,Beverly E. Law,Hank A. Margolis,Timothy A. Martin,J.H. McCaughey,Laurent Misson,M. Montes-Helu,Asko Noormets,James T. Randerson,Gregory Starr,Jingfeng Xiao +26 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarize more than 180 site years of eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide flux made at forest chronosequences in North America and show that carbon loss from all ecosystems following a stand-replacing disturbance, becoming a carbon sink by 20 years for all ecosystems and by 10 years for most.
Journal ArticleDOI
Natural disturbance impacts on ecosystem services and biodiversity in temperate and boreal forests.
Dominik Thom,Rupert Seidl +1 more
TL;DR: A global literature review on the impact of three of the most important disturbance agents on 13 different ecosystem services and three indicators of biodiversity in forests of the boreal, cool‐ and warm‐temperate biomes reveals a ‘disturbance paradox’, documenting that disturbances can put ecosystem services at risk while simultaneously facilitating biodiversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large-scale bioenergy from additional harvest of forest biomass is neither sustainable nor greenhouse gas neutral
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that such an increase in biomass harvest would result in younger forests, lower biomass pools, depleted soil nutrient stocks and a loss of other ecosystem functions, and that large-scale production of bioenergy from forest biomass is neither sustainable nor GHG neutral.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Strategy of Ecosystem Development
TL;DR: The principles of ecological succession bear importantly on the relationships between man and nature and needs to be examined as a basis for resolving man’s present environmental crisis.
Book
Model Selection and Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach
TL;DR: Information theory and log-likelihood models - a basis for model selection and inference practical use of the information theoretic approach model selection uncertainty with examples Monte Carlo insights and extended examples statistical theory.
Book ChapterDOI
Ecology of Coarse Woody Debris in Temperate Ecosystems
Mark E. Harmon,Jerry F. Franklin,F. J. Swanson,P. Sollins,Stanley V. Gregory,John D. Lattin,N.H. Anderson,S.P. Cline,N.G. Aumen,James R. Sedell,G.W. Lienkaemper,Kermit Cromack,Kenneth W. Cummins +12 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the rates at which coarse wood debris is added and removed from ecosystems, the biomass found in streams and forests, and many functions that CWD serves.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecoregions of the Conterminous United States
TL;DR: A map of ecoregions of the conterminous United States has been compiled to assist managers of aquatic and terrestrial resources in understanding the regional patterns of the realistically attainable quality of these resources.
Journal Article
Couplings between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistry
Surabi Menon,Kenneth L. Denman,Guy Brasseur,Amnat Chidthaisong,Philippe Ciais,Peter M. Cox,Robert E. Dickinson,Didier Hauglustaine,Christoph Heinze,Elisabeth A. Holland,Daniel J. Jacob,Ulrike Lohmann,S. Ramachandran,Pedro Leite da Silva Dias,Steven C. Wofsy,Xiaoye Zhang +15 more
TL;DR: Denman et al. as discussed by the authors presented the Couplings between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistry Coordinating Lead Authors: Kenneth L. Denman (Canada), Guy Brasseur (USA, Germany), Amnat Chidthaisong (Thailand), Philippe Ciais (France), Peter M. Cox (UK), Robert E. Austin (USA), D.B. Wofsy (USA) and Xiaoye Zhang (China).
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