Journal ArticleDOI
Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries
John B. Goodenough,Youngsik Kim +1 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
In this paper, the authors reviewed the challenges for further development of Li rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles and proposed a nonflammable electrolyte with either a larger window between its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or a constituent that can develop rapidly a solid/ electrolyte-interface (SEI) layer to prevent plating of Li on a carbon anode during a fast charge of the battery.Abstract:
The challenges for further development of Li rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles are reviewed. Most important is safety, which requires development of a nonflammable electrolyte with either a larger window between its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or a constituent (or additive) that can develop rapidly a solid/ electrolyte-interface (SEI) layer to prevent plating of Li on a carbon anode during a fast charge of the battery. A high Li-ion conductivity (σ Li > 10 ―4 S/cm) in the electrolyte and across the electrode/ electrolyte interface is needed for a power battery. Important also is an increase in the density of the stored energy, which is the product of the voltage and capacity of reversible Li insertion/extraction into/from the electrodes. It will be difficult to design a better anode than carbon, but carbon requires formation of an SEI layer, which involves an irreversible capacity loss. The design of a cathode composed of environmentally benign, low-cost materials that has its electrochemical potential μ C well-matched to the HOMO of the electrolyte and allows access to two Li atoms per transition-metal cation would increase the energy density, but it is a daunting challenge. Two redox couples can be accessed where the cation redox couples are "pinned" at the top of the O 2p bands, but to take advantage of this possibility, it must be realized in a framework structure that can accept more than one Li atom per transition-metal cation. Moreover, such a situation represents an intrinsic voltage limit of the cathode, and matching this limit to the HOMO of the electrolyte requires the ability to tune the intrinsic voltage limit. Finally, the chemical compatibility in the battery must allow a long service life.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices
TL;DR: The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid
Zhenguo Yang,Jianlu Zhang,Michael Kintner-Meyer,Xiaochuan Lu,Daiwon Choi,John P. Lemmon,Jun Liu +6 more
TL;DR: This review offers details of the technologies, in terms of needs, status, challenges and future R&d directions, that are expected to integrate significant levels of renewables into the electrical grid.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toward Safe Lithium Metal Anode in Rechargeable Batteries: A Review.
TL;DR: This review presents a comprehensive overview of the lithium metal anode and its dendritic lithium growth, summarizing the theoretical and experimental achievements and endeavors to realize the practical applications of lithium metal batteries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
LixCoO2 (0<x<-1): A new cathode material for batteries of high energy density
TL;DR: In this paper, a new system LixCoO2 (0 Li x CoO 2 Li ) is proposed, which shows low overvoltages and good reversibility for current densities up to 4 mA cm−2 over a large range of x.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries
TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that nanometre-sized ceramic powders can be used as solid plasticizers for polyethylene oxide (PEO) electrolytes to prevent crystallization on annealing from amorphous state above 60°C.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review of selected electrode–solution interactions which determine the performance of Li and Li ion batteries
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of Li, Li-C anodes and Li x MO y cathodes depends on their surface chemistry in solutions, which either contribute to electrode stabilization or to capacity fading due to an increase in the electrodes' impedance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Li2MnO3-stabilized LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co) electrodes for lithium-ion batteries
Michael M. Thackeray,Sun-Ho Kang,Christopher S. Johnson,John T. Vaughey,Roy Benedek,Stephen A. Hackney +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a strategy used to design high capacity (>200 mAh g−1), Li2MnO3-stabilized LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co) electrodes for lithium-ion batteries is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fast Na+-ion transport in skeleton structures
TL;DR: In this article, the Im3 phase of high pressure KSbO3, the defect-pyrochlore structure illustrated by RbMgAlF6, and the carnegieite structure of high-temperature NaAlSiO4 were investigated.