Cospeciation vs host-shift speciation: methods for testing, evidence from natural associations and relation to coevolution
Damien M. de Vienne,Guislaine Refrégier,Guislaine Refrégier,Manuela López-Villavicencio,Aurélien Tellier,Michael E. Hood,Tatiana Giraud,Tatiana Giraud +7 more
TLDR
Overall, there is now substantial evidence to suggest that coevolutionary dynamics of hosts and parasites do not favor long-term cospeciation, and approaches to compare divergence between pairwise associated groups of species, their advantages and pitfalls are outlined.Abstract:
'Summary' 347
I. 'Introduction' 348
II. 'Origin of the cospeciation concept' 349
III. 'Theoretical framework and methods for testing for cospeciation' 349
IV. 'Studies of natural associations reveal the prevalence of host shifts' 355
V. 'Relationship between host–symbiont coevolution and symbiont speciation' 378
VI. 'Conclusion' 381
'Acknowledgements' 381
References 381
Glossary 379
Summary
Hosts and their symbionts are involved in intimate physiological and ecological interactions. The impact of these interactions on the evolution of each partner depends on the time-scale considered. Short-term dynamics – ‘coevolution’ in the narrow sense – has been reviewed elsewhere. We focus here on the long-term evolutionary dynamics of cospeciation and speciation following host shifts. Whether hosts and their symbionts speciate in parallel, by cospeciation, or through host shifts, is a key issue in host–symbiont evolution. In this review, we first outline approaches to compare divergence between pairwise associated groups of species, their advantages and pitfalls. We then consider recent insights into the long-term evolution of host–parasite and host–mutualist associations by critically reviewing the literature. We show that convincing cases of cospeciation are rare (7%) and that cophylogenetic methods overestimate the occurrence of such events. Finally, we examine the relationships between short-term coevolutionary dynamics and long-term patterns of diversification in host–symbiont associations. We review theoretical and experimental studies showing that short-term dynamics can foster parasite specialization, but that these events can occur following host shifts and do not necessarily involve cospeciation. Overall, there is now substantial evidence to suggest that coevolutionary dynamics of hosts and parasites do not favor long-term cospeciation.read more
Citations
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The evolutionary history of vertebrate RNA viruses
Mang Shi,Mang Shi,Mang Shi,Xian-Dan Lin,Xiao Chen,Jun-Hua Tian,Liangjun Chen,Kun Li,Wen Wang,John-Sebastian Eden,Jin-Jin Shen,Li Liu,Edward C. Holmes,Edward C. Holmes,Edward C. Holmes,Yong-Zhen Zhang,Yong-Zhen Zhang +16 more
TL;DR: Around 200 new vertebrates-specific viruses are discovered, and every vertebrate-specific viral family known to infect mammals and birds is also present in amphibians, reptiles or fish, suggesting that evolution of vertebrate viruses mirrors that of vertebrates hosts.
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Getting the Hologenome Concept Right: an Eco-Evolutionary Framework for Hosts and Their Microbiomes.
Kevin R. Theis,Nolwenn M. Dheilly,Jonathan L. Klassen,Robert M. Brucker,John F. Baines,John F. Baines,Thomas C. G. Bosch,John F. Cryan,Scott F. Gilbert,Charles J. Goodnight,Elisabeth A. Lloyd,Jan Sapp,Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse,Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg,Eugene Rosenberg,Seth R. Bordenstein +15 more
TL;DR: Holobionts and hologenomes are incontrovertible, multipartite entities that result from ecological, evolutionary, and genetic processes at various levels that constitute a wider vocabulary and framework for host biology in light of the microbiome.
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Unraveling the processes shaping mammalian gut microbiomes over evolutionary time.
Mathieu Groussin,Florent Mazel,Jon G. Sanders,Christopher Smillie,Christopher Smillie,Sébastien Lavergne,Wilfried Thuiller,Eric J. Alm,Eric J. Alm +8 more
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The evolution and genetics of virus host shifts.
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The human microbiome in evolution.
TL;DR: This review compares microbiomes from human populations, placing them in the context of microbes from humanity’s near and distant animal relatives, and proposes that this broader phylogenetic perspective is useful for understanding the mechanisms underlying human–microbiome interactions.
References
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Phylogenies and the Comparative Method
TL;DR: A method of correcting for the phylogeny has been proposed, which specifies a set of contrasts among species, contrasts that are statistically independent and can be used in regression or correlation studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exotic plant invasions and the enemy release hypothesis
Ryan M. Keane,Michael J. Crawley +1 more
TL;DR: Competitive release through greater generalist enemy impact on natives seems to be an important but understudied mechanism of enemy release, but there is a serious need for experiments involving exclusion of natural enemies in invaded plant communities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Arms races between and within species.
Richard Dawkins,John R. Krebs +1 more
TL;DR: The arms race concept is suggested to help to resolve three long-standing questions in evolutionary theory: one lineage may drive the other to extinction, one may reach an optimum, thereby preventing the other from doing so, and both sides may reach a mutual local optimum.
Journal ArticleDOI
Host Specialization in Phytophagous Insects
TL;DR: Investigations of the causes of host specialization in insects could contribute substantially to the understanding of the origin and maintenance of diversity in this group.