Journal ArticleDOI
Do cultural values predict individuals' moral attitudes? A cross-cultural multilevel approach
TLDR
This paper examined whether cultural values predict individuals' moral attitudes and showed that the answer depends on the moral issues studied using items from the Morally Debatable Behaviours Scale (MDBS) fielded in the World Value Survey (WVS), and found that moral issues can be differentiated cross-culturally into attitudes towards dishonest-illegal and personal-sexual issues.Abstract:
This study examined whether cultural values predict individuals’ moral attitudes The main objective was to shed light on the moral universalism and relativism debate by showing that the answer depends on the moral issues studied Using items from the Morally Debatable Behaviours Scale (MDBS) fielded in the World Value Survey (WVS), we found that moral issues can be differentiated cross-culturally into attitudes towards (1) dishonest–illegal and (2) personal–sexual issues Drawing upon evolutionary and cultural theories, we expected that the former moral domain is not related to cultural values, whereas the latter is influenced by cultural conceptions of the self (ie independent versus interdependent selves) We used multilevel modelling with Schwartz’ cultural values as the independent variables and the two moral domains as assessed through the MDBS as dependent variables to test our hypothesis After controlling for individual-level differences in moral attitudes as well as the socio-economic development of countries, our findings confirmed that attitudes towards dishonest–illegal issues were not related to cultural values whereas attitudes towards personal–sexual issues were predicted by the Autonomy–Embeddedness value dimension We conclude that our study sheds not only light on the universalism and relativism debate, but also on the discriminant validity of cultural values Copyright # 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltdread more
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Book ChapterDOI
Moral Foundations Theory: The Pragmatic Validity of Moral Pluralism
TL;DR: The Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) as discussed by the authors was created to answer these questions, including: where does morality come from? Why are moral judgments often so similar across cultures, yet sometimes so variable? Is morality one thing, or many?
Journal ArticleDOI
Do Student Samples Provide an Accurate Estimate of the General Public
TL;DR: The results indicate that generalizing from students to the general public can be problematic when personal and attitudinal variables are used, as students vary mostly randomly from the generalpublic.
Journal ArticleDOI
How and when do personal values guide our attitudes and sociality? Explaining cross-cultural variability in attitude-value linkages.
Diana Boer,Rebecca A. Fischer +1 more
TL;DR: An attitude-value taxonomy based on Moral Foundation Theory and Schwartz's basic human values theory is proposed allowing predictions of how social attitudes are related to personal values, and when macro-contextual factors have an impact on attitude- value links.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Index of Cultural Tightness and Looseness Among 68 Countries
TL;DR: In the present study, a theoretical framework to study CTL was suggested and wider use of SD was advocated, and the combination CTL index showed the greatest validity compared with the domain-specific index, domain-general index, and another measure based on aggregation of individual-level perceptions.
References
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Using multivariate statistics
TL;DR: In this Section: 1. Multivariate Statistics: Why? and 2. A Guide to Statistical Techniques: Using the Book Research Questions and Associated Techniques.
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Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods
TL;DR: The Logic of Hierarchical Linear Models (LMLM) as discussed by the authors is a general framework for estimating and hypothesis testing for hierarchical linear models, and it has been used in many applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods.
TL;DR: This chapter discusses Hierarchical Linear Models in Applications, Applications in Organizational Research, and Applications in the Study of Individual Change Applications in Meta-Analysis and Other Cases Where Level-1 Variances are Known.
Journal ArticleDOI
Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
TL;DR: Theories of the self from both psychology and anthropology are integrated to define in detail the difference between a construal of self as independent and a construpal of the Self as interdependent as discussed by the authors, and these divergent construals should have specific consequences for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
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The Evolution of Cooperation
TL;DR: In this paper, a model based on the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy in the context of the Prisoner's Dilemma game was developed for cooperation in organisms, and the results of a computer tournament showed how cooperation based on reciprocity can get started in an asocial world, can thrive while interacting with a wide range of other strategies, and can resist invasion once fully established.
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