Drought timing and local climate determine the sensitivity of eastern temperate forests to drought
Loïc D'Orangeville,Loïc D'Orangeville,Justin T. Maxwell,Daniel Kneeshaw,Neil Pederson,Louis Duchesne,Travis Logan,Daniel Houle,Dominique Arseneault,Colin M. Beier,Daniel A. Bishop,Daniel L. Druckenbrod,Shawn Fraver,François Girard,Joshua M. Halman,Christopher F. Hansen,Justin L. Hart,Henrik Hartmann,Margot W. Kaye,David C. LeBlanc,Stefano Manzoni,Rock Ouimet,Shelly A. Rayback,Christine R. Rollinson,Richard P. Phillips +24 more
TLDR
Drought-induced reductions in tree growth were greatest when the droughts occurred during early- season peaks in radial growth, especially for trees growing in the warmest, driest regions, and it is found that future increases in early-season PET may exacerbate these effects, and potentially offset gains in C uptake and storage in ENA owing to other global change factors.Abstract:
Projected changes in temperature and drought regime are likely to reduce carbon (C) storage in forests, thereby amplifying rates of climate change. While such reductions are often presumed to be greatest in semi-arid forests that experience widespread tree mortality, the consequences of drought may also be important in temperate mesic forests of Eastern North America (ENA) if tree growth is significantly curtailed by drought. Investigations of the environmental conditions that determine drought sensitivity are critically needed to accurately predict ecosystem feedbacks to climate change. We matched site factors with the growth responses to drought of 10,753 trees across mesic forests of ENA, representing 24 species and 346 stands, to determine the broad-scale drivers of drought sensitivity for the dominant trees in ENA. Here we show that two factors-the timing of drought, and the atmospheric demand for water (i.e., local potential evapotranspiration; PET)-are stronger drivers of drought sensitivity than soil and stand characteristics. Drought-induced reductions in tree growth were greatest when the droughts occurred during early-season peaks in radial growth, especially for trees growing in the warmest, driest regions (i.e., highest PET). Further, mean species trait values (rooting depth and ψ50 ) were poor predictors of drought sensitivity, as intraspecific variation in sensitivity was equal to or greater than interspecific variation in 17 of 24 species. From a general circulation model ensemble, we find that future increases in early-season PET may exacerbate these effects, and potentially offset gains in C uptake and storage in ENA owing to other global change factors.read more
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Twentieth century redistribution in climatic drivers of global tree growth.
Flurin Babst,Flurin Babst,Olivier Bouriaud,Benjamin Poulter,Valerie Trouet,Martin P. Girardin,Martin P. Girardin,David Frank +7 more
TL;DR: By assessing and statistically scaling the climatic drivers from 2710 tree-ring sites, this work identified the boreal and temperate land areas where tree growth during 1930–1960 CE responded positively to temperature, precipitation, and other parameters, and expects that continued climate change will trigger a major redistribution in growth responses to climate.
Evidence of increased net ecosystem productivity associated with a longer vegetated season in a deciduous forest in south-central Indiana, US
TL;DR: In this article, phenological and flux observations indicate that the vegetative season extended later in the fall with an increase in length of about 3 days for the past 10 years, however, these changes are responsible for only 50% of the total annual gain in forest productivity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Contrasting resistance and resilience to extreme drought and late spring frost in five major European tree species.
Yann Vitasse,Alessandra Bottero,Maxime Cailleret,Christof Bigler,Patrick Fonti,Arthur Gessler,Mathieu Lévesque,Brigitte Rohner,Pascale Weber,Andreas Rigling,Thomas Wohlgemuth +10 more
TL;DR: A robust comparison of the tree growth responses to drought and spring frost across large climatic gradients is provided and provides striking evidence that the growth of some of the most abundant and economically important European tree species will be increasingly limited by climate warming.
Journal ArticleDOI
GRACE-REC: a reconstruction of climate-driven water storage changes over the last century
TL;DR: Humphrey and Gudmundsson as discussed by the authors used a statistical model trained with GRACE observations to reconstruct past climate-driven changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) from historical and near-real-time meteorological datasets at daily and monthly scales.
Journal ArticleDOI
Linking drought legacy effects across scales: From leaves to tree rings to ecosystems
Steven A. Kannenberg,Kimberly A. Novick,M. Ross Alexander,Justin T. Maxwell,Justin T. Maxwell,David J. P. Moore,Richard P. Phillips,William R. L. Anderegg +7 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that tree ring legacy effects were not observed in other canopy processes, and that post-drought canopy allocation could be an important mechanism that decouples tree-ring signals from gross primary productivity.
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A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World’s Forests
Yude Pan,Richard Birdsey,Jingyun Fang,Jingyun Fang,Richard A. Houghton,Pekka E. Kauppi,Werner A. Kurz,Oliver L. Phillips,Anatoly Shvidenko,Simon L. Lewis,Josep G. Canadell,Philippe Ciais,Robert B. Jackson,Stephen W. Pacala,A. David McGuire,Shilong Piao,Aapo Rautiainen,Stephen Sitch,Daniel J. Hayes +18 more
TL;DR: The total forest sink estimate is equivalent in magnitude to the terrestrial sink deduced from fossil fuel emissions and land-use change sources minus ocean and atmospheric sinks, with tropical estimates having the largest uncertainties.
Supporting Online Material for A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World's Forests
Yude Pan,Richard A. Birdsey,Jingyun Fang,Richard A. Houghton,Pekka E. Kauppi,Werner A. Kurz,Oliver L. Phillips,Anatoly Shvidenko,Simon L. Lewis,Philippe Ciais,Robert B. Jackson,Stephen W. Pacala,A. David McGuire,Shilong Piao,Aapo Rautiainen,Stephen Sitch,Daniel J. Hayes +16 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003
Philippe Ciais,Markus Reichstein,Nicolas Viovy,A. Granier,Jérôme Ogée,Vincent Allard,M. Aubinet,Nina Buchmann,C. Bernhofer,Arnaud Carrara,Frédéric Chevallier,N. de Noblet,Andrew D. Friend,Pierre Friedlingstein,Thomas Grünwald,Bernard Heinesch,Petri Keronen,Alexander Knohl,Gerhard Krinner,Denis Loustau,Giovanni Manca,Giorgio Matteucci,Franco Miglietta,Jean-Marc Ourcival,Dario Papale,Kim Pilegaard,Serge Rambal,G. Seufert,Jean-François Soussana,María José Sanz,Ernst Detlef Schulze,Timo Vesala,Riccardo Valentini +32 more
TL;DR: An increase in future drought events could turn temperate ecosystems into carbon sources, contributing to positive carbon-climate feedbacks already anticipated in the tropics and at high latitudes.
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