Dysfunctional Immune Response in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: It Takes Two to Tango.
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TLDR
An inappropriate compensatory anti-inflammatory response over the course of ACLF, along with the exhaustion and dysfunction of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, leads to functional immune cell paralysis, which entails a high risk of infection and contributes to a poor prognosis.Abstract:
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by the acute decompensation of cirrhosis associated with organ failure and high short-term mortality. The key event in the pathogenesis is a dysfunctional immune response arising from exacerbation of the two main immunological alterations already present in cirrhosis: systemic inflammation and immune cell paralysis. High-grade systemic inflammation due to predominant activation and dysregulation of the innate immune response leads to the massive release of cytokines. Recognition of acutely increased pathogen and damage-associated molecular patterns by specific receptors underlies its pathogenesis and contributes to tissue damage and organ failure. In addition, an inappropriate compensatory anti-inflammatory response over the course of ACLF, along with the exhaustion and dysfunction of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, leads to functional immune cell paralysis. This entails a high risk of infection and contributes to a poor prognosis. Therapeutic approaches seeking to counteract the immune alterations present in ACLF are currently under investigation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction.
Agustín Albillos,Agustín Albillos,Rosa Martin-Mateos,Rosa Martin-Mateos,Schalk Van der Merwe,Reiner Wiest,Rajiv Jalan,Melchor Alvarez-Mon,Melchor Alvarez-Mon +8 more
TL;DR: The term cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) comprises the distinctive spectrum of immune alterations associated with the course of end-stage liver disease as discussed by the authors, which is referred to as systemic inflammation and immune deficiency.
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Applications of Nanobiomaterials in the Therapy and Imaging of Acute Liver Failure
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Mitochondrial dysfunction governs immunometabolism in leukocytes of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure.
Ingrid W. Zhang,Anna Curto,Cristina López-Vicario,Mireia Casulleras,Marta Duran-Güell,Roger Flores-Costa,Benoit Colsch,Ferran Aguilar,Ana M. Aransay,Juan José Lozano,María Hernández-Tejero,David Toapanta,Javier Fernández,Vicente Arroyo,Joan Clària +14 more
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Mitochondrial dysfunction governs immunometabolism in leukocytes of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure
TL;DR: In this article , the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle of leukocytes in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) was investigated.
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A review on molecular mechanism of alcoholic liver disease.
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