Journal ArticleDOI
Economic approach to assess the forest carbon implications of biomass energy.
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TLDR
It is shown that when market factors are included in the analysis, expanded demand for biomass energy increases timber prices and harvests, but reduces net global carbon emissions because higher wood prices lead to new investments in forest stocks.Abstract:
There is widespread concern that biomass energy policy that promotes forests as a supply source will cause net carbon emissions. Most of the analyses that have been done to date, however, are biological, ignoring the effects of market adaptations through substitution, net imports, and timber investments. This paper uses a dynamic model of forest and land use management to estimate the impact of United States energy policies that emphasize the utilization of forest biomass on global timber production and carbon stocks over the next 50 years. We show that when market factors are included in the analysis, expanded demand for biomass energy increases timber prices and harvests, but reduces net global carbon emissions because higher wood prices lead to new investments in forest stocks. Estimates are sensitive to assumptions about whether harvest residues and new forestland can be used for biomass energy and the demand for biomass. Restricting biomass energy to being sourced only from roundwood on existing forestland can transform the policy from a net sink to a net source of emissions. These results illustrate the importance of capturing market adjustments and a large geographic scope when measuring the carbon implications of biomass energy policies.read more
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Book Chapter
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU)
Pete Smith,Mercedes M. C. Bustamante,Helal Ahammad,Harry Clark,Hongmin Dong,Elnour A. Elsiddig,Helmut Haberl,Richard J. Harper,Joanna Isobel House,Mostafa Jafari,Omar Masera,Cheikh Mbow,N. H. Ravindranath,Charles W. Rice,Carmenza Robledo Abad,Anna Romanovskaya,Frank Sperling,Francesco N. Tubiello +17 more
TL;DR: Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) is unique among the sectors considered in this volume, since the mitigation potential is derived from both an enhancement of removals of greenhouse gases (GHG), as well as reduction of emissions through management of land and livestock as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bioenergy and climate change mitigation: an assessment.
Felix Creutzig,N. H. Ravindranath,Göran Berndes,Simon Bolwig,Ryan M. Bright,Francesco Cherubini,Helena L. Chum,Esteve Corbera,Mark A. Delucchi,André Faaij,Joseph Fargione,Helmut Haberl,Helmut Haberl,Garvin Heath,Oswaldo Lucon,Richard J. Plevin,Alexander Popp,Carmenza Robledo-Abad,Steven K. Rose,Pete Smith,Anders Hammer Strømman,Sangwon Suh,Omar Masera +22 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors bring together perspectives of various communities involved in the research and regulation of bioenergy deployment in the context of climate change mitigation: Land-use and energy experts, land use and integrated assessment modelers, human geographers, ecosystem researchers, climate scientists and two different strands of life-cycle assessment experts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Woody biomass energy potential in 2050
Pekka Lauri,Petr Havlik,Georg Kindermann,Nicklas Forsell,Hannes Böttcher,Michael Obersteiner +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the question of woody biomass use for energy from the perspective of energy wood supply curves, which display the available amount of wood biomass for large-scale energy production at various hypothetical energy wood prices.
Journal ArticleDOI
Forests: Carbon sequestration, biomass energy, or both?
TL;DR: It is concluded that the expanded use of wood for bioenergy will result in net carbon benefits, but an efficient policy also needs to regulate forest carbon sequestration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of institutional quality on environment and energy consumption: evidence from developing world
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the role of institutional quality on environment and energy consumption for 66 developing countries by using data from 1991 to 2017 and found that institutional quality was having a positive impact on energy consumption based on oil and fossil fuel resources.
References
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A report to the food and agriculture organization of the united nations (FAO) in support of sampling study for National Forestry Resources Monitoring and Assessment (NAFORMA) in Tanzania
Erkki Tomppo,Matti Katila,Kai Mäkisara,Jouni Per ̈asaari,Rogers Ernest Malimbwi,Nurudin Chamuya,Jared Otieno,Søren Dalsgaard,Mikko Leppanen +8 more
Abstract: Erkki Tomppo1, Matti Katila1, Kai Mäkisara1, Jouni Peräsaari1, Rogers Malimbwi2, Nurudin Chamuya3, Jared Otieno3, Søren Dalsgaard4, Mikko Leppänen5 1 Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa, Finland PO Box 18 (Jokiniemenkuja 1) FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland tel: +358 10 211 2170, fax: 358 10 211 2202 email erkki.tomppo@metla.fi 2 Sokoine University of Agriculture, the United Rebublic of Tanzania 3 Forest and Beekeeping Division of Ministry of Natural Resources, the United Rebublic of Tanzania 4 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam 5 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
Journal ArticleDOI
Global cost estimates of reducing carbon emissions through avoided deforestation
Georg Kindermann,Michael Obersteiner,Brent Sohngen,Jayant Sathaye,Kenneth Andrasko,Ewald Rametsteiner,Bernhard Schlamadinger,Sven Wunder,Robert Beach +8 more
TL;DR: Three economic models of global land use and management are used to analyze the potential contribution of AD activities to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and AD activities are found to be a competitive, low-cost abatement option.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of US Maize Ethanol on Global Land Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Estimating Market-mediated Responses
Thomas W. Hertel,Alla Golub,Andrew D. Jones,Michael O'Hare,Richard J. Plevin,Daniel M. Kammen +5 more
TL;DR: Factoring market-mediated responses and by-product use into this analysis reduces cropland conversion by 72% from the land used for the ethanol feedstock, thereby limiting its potential contribution in the context of California's Low Carbon Fuel Standard.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fixing a critical climate accounting error
Tim Searchinger,Steven P. Hamburg,Jerry M. Melillo,William L. Chameides,Petr Havlik,Daniel M. Kammen,Gene E. Likens,Ruben N. Lubowski,Michael Obersteiner,Michael Oppenheimer,G. Philip Robertson,William H. Schlesinger,G. David Tilman +12 more
TL;DR: Rules for applying the Kyoto Protocol and national cap-and-trade laws contain a major, but fixable, carbon accounting flaw in assessing bioenergy, which erroneously treats all bioenergy as carbon neutral regardless of the source of the biomass.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Optimal Control Model of Forest Carbon Sequestration
Brent Sohngen,Robert Mendelsohn +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an optimal control model of carbon sequestration and energy abatement to explore the potential role of forests in greenhouse gas mitigation and showed that if carbon accumulates in the atmosphere, the rental price for carbon sequestrators should rise over time.