Emerging trends in the novel drug delivery approaches for the treatment of lung cancer

TLDR: In this review, various modes of nano drug delivery options like liposomes, dendrimers, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes and metallic nanoparticles have been discussed.

About: This article is published in Chemico-Biological Interactions.The article was published on 2019-08-25 and is currently open access. It has received 349 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Cancer & Drug delivery.

Figures

Table 1. Applications of different types of nanoparticles [25]

Table 2. Advantages and disadvantages of different types of magnetic nanoparticles

Fig. 1. General diagrammatic representation of side-effects associated with traditional approaches

Fig. 2. Systematic representation of different novel drug delivery system i.e. (a) Nanostructured lipid carrier (b) Solid lipid nanoparticles (c) Liposomes (d) Lipid micelle (e) Nanostructured lipid emulsion (f) dendrimers (g) Carbon nanotube (h) Iron oxide nanoparticles (i) Quantum dot (j) Gold nanoparticles

Frequently asked questions

Q1. What is the main reason for the increased chemical reactivity of nanoparticles?

The increased chemical reactivity of nanoparticles brings about the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and damage to DNA, proteins and membranes, ultimately leading to toxicity. 

Q2. What are the future works mentioned in the paper "Emerging trends in the novel drug delivery approaches for the treatment of lung cancer" ?

In the future, nano-toxicological issues are expected to be resolved for effective lung cancer treatment. G. Shafirstein, A. Battoo, K. Harris, H. Baumann, S. O. Gollnick, J. Lindenmann, C. E. Nwogu, Photodynamic therapy of non-small cell lung cancer narrative review and future directions, Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc. ( 2016 ). 4. Conclusion Nanotechnology beholds infinite potential and innovative applications which are being continuously explored for detecting, diagnosing, imaging and treating different types of cancers. These nanoparticles-based drug delivery systems have become the ideal carrier for cancer treatment as they can be easily modified. 

Q3. What are the other major contributors to the increased number of patients suffering from respiratory diseases?

Rapid development, urbanization and environmental pollution are the other major contributors, apart from smoking habits, that account towards the increased number of patients suffering from respiratory diseases [7]. 

Q4. What is the common type of polymer used for lung cancer treatment?

The polymer used for lung cancer treatment includes alginic acid, chitosan, gelatin, polycaprolactone, polylactide-co-glycolide, and polylactic acid. 

Q5. Why are magnetic nanoparticles used for lung cancer?

Because of the biocompatibility of Fe3O4, nanoparticles conjugated with iron oxide are most widely used for the treatment of lung cancer. 

Q6. What are the advantages of solid lipid nanoparticles?

These nanoparticles have various advantages like easy modification, biocompatibility with the lipophilic drug, targeted delivery of the therapeutic agents, enhanced drug stability, reduced toxicity and in addition, avoid the first pass effect in comparison to other colloidal carries [55]. 

Q7. What is the common use of polymeric nanoparticles?

Polymeric micellesFor controlled release and targeted delivery of hydrophobic anti-neoplastic therapeutic agents, polymeric micelles are commonly used. 

Q8. What is the name of the surfactant used to stabilize supramolecular complexes?

Pluronic F127, the non-ionic surfactant has been used to stabilize supramolecular complexes of carbon nanotubes containing doxorubicin. 

Q9. What is the effect of the increased surface area of nanoparticles?

The increased surface area of the nanoparticles results in an augmented chemical reactivity leading to an uncertainty as to how these particles will react under different conditions. 

Q10. What was the first anti-tumor drug conjugated with carbon nanotubes?

Cisplatin was the first anti-tumor drug which was conjugated with single-walled carbon nanotubes for targeting the receptors of epidermal growth factor. 

Q11. What are the characteristics of solid lipid nanoparticles?

Of all the nano-carrier systems, Solid-lipid nanoparticles have the characteristics of a fat-emulsion carrier, liposomes carrier, and polymeric nanoparticles, which makes them the ideal carries for targeted drug delivery [57]. 

Q12. What is the role of nano-carriers in lung cancer?

The nano-carrier-loaded therapeutic drug delivery methods have shown promising potential in treating lung cancer as its target is to control the growth of tumor cells. 

Q13. What are the advantages of nanoparticles-based drug delivery systems?

These nanoparticles-based drug delivery systems have become the ideal carrier for cancer treatment as they can be easily modified. 

Q14. In what countries will the number of deaths due to lung cancer increase?

In developing countries like Egypt, India, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia, it has been predicted that the number of death cases due to lung cancer will increase [22][23]. 

Q15. What is the effect of the transferrin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers?

it can be concluded that the DNA and paclitaxel-loaded and transferrin-decorated nanostructured lipid carriers have potential to co-deliver both gene and therapeutic agents to the targeted site with high efficiency [67]. 

Q16. What is the role of nanotechnology in lung cancer?

Development in the field of nanotechnology will help in developing novel cationic polymer that can silence these siRNA genes in lung cancer. 

Q17. What is the chemistry of the EGFR-targeted nanoparticles?

S. Kuroda, J. Tam, J.A. Roth, K. Sokolov, R. Ramesh, EGFR-targeted plasmonicmagnetic nanoparticles suppress lung tumor growth by abrogating G2/M cell-cycle arrest and inducing DNA damage, Int. J. Nanomedicine. (2014). 

Q18. What is the effect of sulfide bond on the release of the therapeutic drug?

on supplementing these polymeric nanoparticles with sulfide bond, it regulates the release of the therapeutic drug [61][69].