Estimating the global and regional burden of suboptimal nutrition on chronic disease: methods and inputs to the analysis.
Renata Micha,Shadi Kalantarian,Pattra Wirojratana,Tim Byers,Goodarz Danaei,Ibrahim Elmadfa,Eric L. Ding,Eric L. Ding,Edward Giovannucci,John Powles,Stephanie A. Smith-Warner,Majid Ezzati,Dariush Mozaffarian,Dariush Mozaffarian +13 more
TLDR
Developing systematic and comparable methods to quantitatively assess the impact of suboptimal dietary habits on CVD, diabetes and cancer burdens globally and in 21 world regions will allow assessment of the global impact of specific dietary factors on chronic disease mortality.Abstract:
Global burdens of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and cancer are on the rise. Little quantitative data are available on the global impact of diet on these conditions. The objective of this study was to develop systematic and comparable methods to quantitatively assess the impact of suboptimal dietary habits on CVD, diabetes and cancer burdens globally and in 21 world regions. Using a comparative risk assessment framework, we developed methods to establish for selected dietary risk factors the effect sizes of probable or convincing causal diet–disease relationships, the alternative minimum-risk exposure distributions and the exposure distributions. These inputs, together with disease-specific mortality rates, allow computation of the numbers of events attributable to each dietary factor. Using World Health Organization and similar evidence criteria for convincing/probable causal effects, we identified 14 potential diet–disease relationships. Effect sizes and ranges of uncertainty will be derived from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of trials or high-quality observational studies. Alternative minimum-risk distributions were identified based on amounts corresponding to the lowest disease rates in populations. Optimal and alternative definitions for each exposure were established based on the data used to quantify harmful or protective effects. We developed methods for identifying and obtaining data from nationally representative surveys. A ranking scale was developed to assess survey quality and validity of dietary assessment methods. Multi-level hierarchical models will be developed to impute missing data. These new methods will allow, for the first time, assessment of the global impact of specific dietary factors on chronic disease mortality. Such global assessment is not only possible but is also imperative for priority setting and policy making.read more
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Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Ashkan Afshin,Patrick J Sur,Kairsten Fay,Leslie Cornaby,Giannina Ferrara,Joseph Salama,Erin C Mullany,Kalkidan Hassen Abate,Cristiana Abbafati,Zegeye Abebe,Mohsen Afarideh,Anju Aggarwal,Sutapa Agrawal,Tomi Akinyemiju,Fares Alahdab,Umar Bacha,Victoria F Bachman,Hamid Badali,Alaa Badawi,Isabela M. Benseñor,Eduardo Bernabé,Sibhatu Biadgilign,Stan Biryukov,Leah E. Cahill,Juan Jesus Carrero,Kelly Cercy,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,Anh Kim Dang,Meaza Girma Degefa,Maysaa El Sayed Zaki,Alireza Esteghamati,Sadaf Esteghamati,Jessica Fanzo,Carla Sofia e Sa Farinha,Maryam S. Farvid,Farshad Farzadfar,Valery L. Feigin,João C. Fernandes,Luisa Sorio Flor,Nataliya Foigt,Mohammad H. Forouzanfar,Morsaleh Ganji,Johanna M. Geleijnse,Richard F. Gillum,Alessandra C. Goulart,Giuseppe Grosso,Idris Guessous,Samer Hamidi,Graeme J. Hankey,Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan,Hamid Yimam Hassen,Simon I. Hay,Chi Linh Hoang,Masako Horino,Farhad Islami,Maria D. Jackson,Spencer L. James,Lars Johansson,Jost B. Jonas,Amir Kasaeian,Yousef Khader,Ibrahim A Khalil,Young-Ho Khang,Ruth W Kimokoti,Yoshihiro Kokubo,G Anil Kumar,Tea Lallukka,Alan D. Lopez,Stefan Lorkowski,Paulo A. Lotufo,Rafael Lozano,Reza Malekzadeh,Winfried März,Toni Meier,Yohannes Adama Melaku,Walter Mendoza,Gert B. M. Mensink,Renata Micha,Ted R. Miller,Mojde Mirarefin,Viswanathan Mohan,Ali H. Mokdad,Dariush Mozaffarian,Gabriele Nagel,Mohsen Naghavi,Cuong Tat Nguyen,Molly R Nixon,Kanyin L. Ong,David M. Pereira,Hossein Poustchi,Mostafa Qorbani,Rajesh Kumar Rai,Christian Razo-García,Colin D. Rehm,Juan A Rivera,Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez,Gholamreza Roshandel,Gregory A. Roth,Juan Sanabria,Tania G Sánchez-Pimienta,Benn Sartorius,Josef Schmidhuber,Aletta E. Schutte,Sadaf G. Sepanlou,Min-Jeong Shin,Reed J D Sorensen,Marco Springmann,Lucjan Szponar,Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman,Amanda G. Thrift,Mathilde Touvier,Bach Xuan Tran,Stefanos Tyrovolas,Kingsley N. Ukwaja,Irfan Ullah,Olalekan A. Uthman,Masoud Vaezghasemi,Tommi Vasankari,Stein Emil Vollset,Theo Vos,Giang Thu Vu,Linh Gia Vu,Elisabete Weiderpass,Andrea Werdecker,Tissa Wijeratne,Walter C. Willett,Jason H Y Wu,Gelin Xu,Naohiro Yonemoto,Chuanhua Yu,Christopher J L Murray +131 more
TL;DR: The consumption of major foods and nutrients across 195 countries is evaluated to quantify the impact of their suboptimal intake on NCD mortality and morbidity and to inform implementation of evidence-based dietary interventions.
Journal ArticleDOI
2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk
Robert H. Eckel,John M. Jakicic,Jamy D. Ard,Janet M. de Jesus,Nancy Houston Miller,Van S. Hubbard,I-Min Lee,Alice H. Lichtenstein,Catherine M. Loria,Barbara E. Millen,Cathy Nonas,Frank M. Sacks,Sidney C. Smith,Laura P. Svetkey,Thomas A. Wadden,Susan Z. Yanovski +15 more
TL;DR: The goals of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association are to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and improve the management of these diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Sodium Consumption and Death from Cardiovascular Causes
Abstr Act,Dariush Mozaffarian,Saman Fahimi,Gitanjali M. Singh,Shahab Khatibzadeh,Rebecca E. Engell,Stephen S Lim,Goodarz Danaei,Majid Ezzati,John Powles +9 more
TL;DR: The rate of death from cardiovascular causes associated with sodium intake above the reference level was highest in the country of Georgia and lowest in Kenya, and the cardiovascular effects of current sodium intake, as compared with a reference intake of 2.0 g per day were estimated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Practice Guideline2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines☆
Robert H. Eckel,John M. Jakicic,Jamy D. Ard,Janet M. de Jesus,Nancy Houston Miller,Van S. Hubbard,I-Min Lee,Alice H. Lichtenstein,Catherine M. Loria,Barbara E. Millen,Cathy Nonas,Frank M. Sacks,Sidney C. Smith,Laura P. Svetkey,Thomas A. Wadden,Susan Z. Yanovski +15 more
TL;DR: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication and will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global, regional and national sodium intakes in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis of 24 h urinary sodium excretion and dietary surveys worldwide
John Powles,Saman Fahimi,Renata Micha,Shahab Khatibzadeh,Peilin Shi,Majid Ezzati,Rebecca E. Engell,Stephen S Lim,Goodarz Danaei,Dariush Mozaffarian +9 more
TL;DR: Sodium intakes exceed the recommended levels in almost all countries with small differences by age and sex, and Virtually all populations would benefit from sodium reduction, supported by enhanced surveillance.
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