Evaluation of bacterial diversity in the rumen and feces of cattle fed different levels of dried distillers grains plus solubles using bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing.
Todd R. Callaway,Scot E. Dowd,Tom S. Edrington,Robin C. Anderson,Nathan A. Krueger,N. Bauer,Paul J. Kononoff,David J. Nisbet +7 more
TLDR
In this article, a new molecular method, bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) was used to perform diversity analyses of gastrointestinal bacterial populations.Abstract:
Dietary components and changes cause shifts in the gastrointestinal microbial ecology that can play a role in animal health and productivity However, most information about the microbial populations in the gut of livestock species has not been quantitative In the present study, we utilized a new molecular method, bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) that can perform diversity analyses of gastrointestinal bacterial populations In the present study, cattle (n = 6) were fed a basal feedlot diet and were subsequently randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets (n = 2 cows per diet) In each diet, 0, 25, or 50% of the concentrate portion of the ration was replaced with dried distillers grain (DDGS) Ruminal and fecal bacterial populations were different when animals were fed DDGS compared with controls; ruminal and fecal Firmicute:Bacteroidetes ratios were smaller (P = 007) in the 25 and 50% DDG diets compared with controls Ruminal pH was decreased (P < 005) in ruminal fluid from cattle fed diets containing 50% compared with 0% DDGS Using bTEFAP, the normal microbiota of cattle were examined using modern molecular methods to understand how diets affect gastrointestinal ecology and the gastrointestinal contribution of the microbiome to animal health and productionread more
Citations
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Composition and Similarity of Bovine Rumen Microbiota across Individual Animals
Elie Jami,Itzhak Mizrahi +1 more
TL;DR: Although the bacterial taxa may vary considerably between cow rumens, they appear to be phylogenetically related, which suggests that the functional requirement imposed by the rumen ecological niche selects taxa that potentially share similar genetic features.
Journal ArticleDOI
Redundancy, resilience, and host specificity of the ruminal microbiota: implications for engineering improved ruminal fermentations.
Paul J. Weimer,Paul J. Weimer +1 more
TL;DR: The ruminal microbial community is remarkably diverse, containing 100s of different bacterial and archaeal species, plus many species of fungi and protozoa, including a “core microbiome” dominated by phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, but also containing many other taxa.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simultaneous amplicon sequencing to explore co-occurrence patterns of bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic microorganisms in rumen microbial communities.
Sandra Kittelmann,Sandra Kittelmann,Henning Seedorf,William A. Walters,Jose C. Clemente,Rob Knight,Rob Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon,Peter H. Janssen +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the mixing ratio of the group-specific DNA templates before emulsion PCR is crucial to compensate for differences in amplicon length, and this method, in contrast to using a non-specific universal primer pair, avoids sequencing non-targeted DNA, such as plant- or endophyte-derived rRNA genes, and allows increased or decreased levels of community structure resolution for each microbial group as needed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exposure to a social stressor disrupts the community structure of the colonic mucosa-associated microbiota
Jeffrey D. Galley,Michael C. Nelson,Zhongtang Yu,Scot E. Dowd,Jens Walter,Purnima S. Kumar,Mark Lyte,Michael T. Bailey +7 more
TL;DR: Assessment of the effects of a single 2-hour exposure to a social stressor, called social disruption (SDR), on colonic mucosa-associated microbial profiles of C57BL/6 mice indicates that exposure to the stressor significantly changed the community profile and significantly reduced the relative proportions of two genera and one family of highly abundant intestinal bacteria, including the genus Lactobacillus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of hydraulic regimes on bacterial community structure and composition in an experimental drinking water distribution system.
TL;DR: Bacteria inhabiting biofilms, predominantly species belonging to genera Pseudomonas, Zooglea and Janthinobacterium, have an enhanced ability to express extracellular polymeric substances to adhere to surfaces and to favour co-aggregation between cells than those found in the bulk water.
References
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An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest
Peter J. Turnbaugh,Ruth E. Ley,Michael A. Mahowald,Vincent Magrini,Elaine R. Mardis,Jeffrey I. Gordon +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated through metagenomic and biochemical analyses that changes in the relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes affect the metabolic potential of the mouse gut microbiota and indicates that the obese microbiome has an increased capacity to harvest energy from the diet.
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Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity
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TL;DR: The faecal microbial communities of adult female monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs concordant for leanness or obesity, and their mothers are characterized to address how host genotype, environmental exposure and host adiposity influence the gut microbiome.
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