Journal ArticleDOI
Future ocean acidification will be amplified by hypoxia in coastal habitats
Frank Melzner,Jörn Thomsen,Wolfgang Koeve,Andreas Oschlies,Magdalena A. Gutowska,Hermann W. Bange,Hans Peter Hansen,Arne Körtzinger +7 more
TLDR
Coastal ocean acidification experimental designs need to be closely adjusted to carbonate system variability within the specific habitat, as the magnitude of expected changes in pCO2 in these regions indicates that coastal systems may be more endangered by future global climate change than previously thought.Abstract:
Ocean acidification is elicited by anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and resulting oceanic uptake of excess CO2 and might constitute an abiotic stressor powerful enough to alter marine ecosystem structures. For surface waters in gas-exchange equilibrium with the atmosphere, models suggest increases in CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) from current values of ca. 390 μatm to ca. 700–1,000 μatm by the end of the century. However, in typically unequilibrated coastal hypoxic regions, much higher pCO2 values can be expected, as heterotrophic degradation of organic material is necessarily related to the production of CO2 (i.e., dissolved inorganic carbon). Here, we provide data and estimates that, even under current conditions, maximum pCO2 values of 1,700–3,200 μatm can easily be reached when all oxygen is consumed at salinities between 35 and 20, respectively. Due to the nonlinear nature of the carbonate system, the approximate doubling of seawater pCO2 in surface waters due to ocean acidification will most strongly affect coastal hypoxic zones as pCO2 during hypoxia will increase proportionally: we calculate maximum pCO2 values of ca. 4,500 μatm at a salinity of 20 (T = 10 °C) and ca. 3,400 μatm at a salinity of 35 (T = 10 °C) when all oxygen is consumed. Upwelling processes can bring these CO2-enriched waters in contact with shallow water ecosystems and may then affect species performance there as well. We conclude that (1) combined stressor experiments (pCO2 and pO2) are largely missing at the moment and that (2) coastal ocean acidification experimental designs need to be closely adjusted to carbonate system variability within the specific habitat. In general, the worldwide spread of coastal hypoxic zones also simultaneously is a spread of CO2-enriched zones. The magnitude of expected changes in pCO2 in these regions indicates that coastal systems may be more endangered by future global climate change than previously thought.read more
Citations
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Posted ContentDOI
Technical Note: Highly precise quantitative measurements of total dissolved inorganic carbon from small amounts of seawater using a common gas chromatographic system: an alternative method compared to established detection systems
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of ocean acidification on toxicity of two trace metals in two marine molluscs in their early life stages
TL;DR: In this article, embryos of the oyster Crassostrea angulata and abalone Haliotis discus hannai were cultured under 4 pCO2 conditions (400, 800, 1500 and 2000 μatm).
Dissertation
DMSP dynamics in marine coralline algal habitats
TL;DR: A chronic, but not acute, reduction in salinity led to a significant decline in coralline algal DMSPi concentrations and a sinking of the surface epithelial cells but no apparent impact on photosynthesis, but the influence of environmental pressures was examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple-stressor effects of warming and acidification on the embryonic development of an estuarine fiddler crab
TL;DR: The combined effects of elevated temperature and decreased pH on the embryonic development of the estuarine fiddler crab Leptuca thayeri are determined, indicating that embryo development is synergistically affected by warming and acidification.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential effects of climate change on the growth response of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia selliformis from Patagonian waters of Chile
Jurleys P. Vellojin,Jorge I. Mardones,Valentina Duque Vargas,Pablo P. Leal,Andrea Corredor-Acosta,José Iriarte +5 more
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of temperature and pH interaction on the growth of K. selliformis (strain CREAN_KS02) were investigated in the Patagonian fjord ecosystem, and the results indicated that the current environmental conditions of coastal Patagonia, waters of low temperature and relatively low pH, may be favorable for the development of blooms of this species.
References
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Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Susan Solomon,Dahe Qin,Martin R. Manning,Melinda Marquis,Kristen Averyt,Melinda M.B. Tignor,H. L. Miller,Z. Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
Book
Climate change 2007 : the physical science basis : contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a historical overview of climate change science, including changes in atmospheric constituents and radiative forcing, as well as changes in snow, ice, and frozen ground.
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Methods of seawater analysis
TL;DR: The Automatic Determination of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) by Wet Chemical Oxidation is described in this paper, along with the results of HPLC analysis of photosynthetic pigments.
Supporting Online Material for Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems
Robert J. Diaz,Rutger Rosenberg +1 more
TL;DR: The formation of dead zones has been exacerbated by the increase in primary production and consequent worldwide coastal eutrophication fueled by riverine runoff of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems
Robert J. Diaz,Rutger Rosenberg +1 more
TL;DR: Dead zones in the coastal oceans have spread exponentially since the 1960s and have serious consequences for ecosystem functioning, exacerbated by the increase in primary production and consequent worldwide coastal eutrophication fueled by riverine runoff of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels.
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